Effect of Nitrogen Management and Variety on Protein Quantity and Quality in Soft Red Winter Wheat PDF Download
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Author: Kwee Peng Hong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops and nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: Kwee Peng Hong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops and nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The purpose of this research was to improve nitrogen (N) management for soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North Carolina with three areas of focus: delayed harvest effects on grain quality, explaining grain protein variability caused by management practices, and developing N recommendations at growth stage (GS) 30 using aerial color infrared (CIR) photography. Delayed harvest significantly reduced grain yield and test weight in the majority of trials. Yield reductions were attributed to dry, warm environments, possibly due to shattering. Test weight reductions were attributed to the negative effects of wetting and drying cycles. Of the 20 quality parameters investigated, flour falling number, clear flour, and farinograph breakdown times were significantly reduced due to delayed harvest, while grain deoxynivalenol (DON) levels increased with a delayed harvest. Environment contributed to grain protein variability (23%), though the majority of that variability was attributed to N management (52%). It was found that as grain protein levels increased at higher N rates and with the majority of N applied at GS 30, the overall grain protein variability increased. The recommendations to reduce grain protein variability are; to reduce the range in N fertilizer rates used, to avoid over application of N beyond what is required to optimize yields, and to apply spring N at GS 25. Relationships between derived agronomic optimum N rates and three spectral bands and 39 indexes were weak, but after separating the data into two biomass classes (low 1000 kg ha-1 and high 1000 kg ha-1), the relationships of optimum N rates with a relative Red and Green bands (relative to a high N-status reference plot) had the best (quadratic) relationships (R2 = 0.80 and 0.81, respectively) for the high biomass class. These results indicate that agronomic optimum N rates at GS 30 can be estimated using aerial CIR photographs if areas of low and high biomass can be determined.
Author: Dianne Carter Farrer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Keywords: protein variability, delayed harvest, grain quality, winter wheat, remote sensing.
Author: Ralph J. Schaeffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Rodolfo Moreno Dahme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Author: Howard Boyd Peterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Author: Margaret Kilibwa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Author: Carolina Saint Pierre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Proteins
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Hard white winter (HVVW) wheat cultivars must have superior protein quality and consistent processing quality to be successful in the Asian market. New cultivars and management strategies are needed to produce HVVW grain for both bread and noodle applications from diverse environments in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW). This study investigated the variability in grain quality, grain protein content and composition, and dough mixing properties in relation to moisture stress during grain-fill and nitrogen management in the PNW. Seven HWW and two soft white winter wheats were grown under line source irrigation and two nitrogen fertilization levels over two years and two locations. Plots were irrigated during grain-fill to replace from 100 to less than 30 % of measured evapotranspiration. Grain quality, protein quality, and protein composition were characterized by nitrogen determinations, single kernel analysis, polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO), SDS sedimentation tests, Mixograph analyses, and sizeexclusion HPLC. Water stress during grain-fill negatively affected grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter. Among HVVW cultivars, water stress caused reductions in test weight which were of larger magnitude in late maturing cultivars than in early genotypes. Mixograph peak time, stability, and tolerance were relatively unchanged over irrigation treatments. Nitrogen fertilization showed a positive contribution to both protein quantity and quality, without affecting PPO levels. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between flour protein and PPO. Changes in protein quality and composition were related to general increases in protein concentration, regardless if the result of reducing irrigation or increasing fertilization. The proportion of monomeric proteins (gliadins) increased more rapidly than the polymeric proteins (glutenins) as flour protein increased. Grouping of genotypes in biplots indicated that cultivars of similar quality responded similarly to treatment combinations in terms of protein quality and dough mixing properties. The patterns of response suggest that management strategies to meet target protein content and enduse quality are relatively independent of genotypic differences. Similar management strategies could then be recommended for HVVW when targeting specific end-uses. Early maturity reduced the impact of water and heat stress during grain-fill and would contribute to enhance grain quality and consistency in PNW cultivars.
Author: Ray E. Neidig
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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