Effect of Irrigation, Fertilizer Side Dressings, Spacing, and Time of Harvest on Yield and Quality of Carrots for Processing PDF Download
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Author: Charles Robert O'Dell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Author: Charles Robert O'Dell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Author: Lynn V. Bedford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Author: Balwant Rai Batra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Syed Moazzem Hossain
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783847372431
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Carrot (Daucus carota L.), herbaceous biennial plants, belongs to the genus Daucus, species Daucus carota L. and the member of Apiaceae family (Peirce, 1987). It is said to be originated in Mediterranean region. It produces an enlarged fleshy tap root that is edible and possesses high nutritive value.The popularity of carrot is increasing day by day in Bangladesh especially among the urban people because of its high nutritive value and possible diversified use in making different palatable foods. Plant spacing and Sowing time is one of the important factors for the increased production of carrot. To extend the availability of carrot during the early and late period of growing season and sowing time may play a critical role. Also quality of the roots depends on the harvesting time under Bangladesh condition. There is also a significant interaction between plant spacing and sowing date.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 2212
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Author: Heather Lin Danton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carrots
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Author: Alexander Soroka
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369353426
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Inefficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in agronomic crop production can lead to water quality concerns and reduced yields for growers. Nitrogen left in the soil after crop harvest is subject to leaching losses to groundwater or gaseous losses to the atmosphere. Split additions of N via sidedressing or fertigation can better time N applications with corn N uptake and improve N use efficiency (NUE). Irrigation can also stabilize yields and raise NUE at decade time scales. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify the effect of N rate and timing under central pivot irrigation on grain yield and N use efficiency in Delaware using a plot study and 2) investigate the impact of irrigation on yield and NUE in Delaware using historical yield data. A plot study was completed by establishing irrigated corn on well-drained soil which received zero N (control) or 6.72 Mg ha-1 poultry litter, 34 kg ha-1 starter N at planting, and 0, 82, 140, or 198 kg ha-1 of in-season N (applied at sidedress at V5 or via fertigation at V5, V8, V11, and V13). Grain yield was determined for each treatment at harvest using a weigh wagon. Pre-plant soil, post-harvest grain, residue, and in-season soil samples were collected and analyzed to allow calculation of NUE by several methods. Nitrogen application rate affected yields and NUE more than N timing and application when in-season N was applied. Yields of irrigated corn were statistically similar at N rates exceeding 82 kg ha-1; average yields over the study period were 17 Mg ha-1. Partial factor productivity of nitrogen was above 60 kg kg-1 for corn at all N rates except the highest rate. Total aboveground biomass for irrigated corn treatments receiving supplemental N generally contained more N in plant tissue (values ranged from 214 to 254 kg ha-1) than Chesapeake Bay Model Scenario Builder (SB) maximum uptake estimates of 218 kg ha-1. Mass balance estimates of NUE indicated that 13 to 49% of available N applied to plots could not be unaccounted for in plant tissue or soils. The mass balance approach illustrated a trend for increasing unaccounted for N with increasing N rate but, this was only significant in 2014. Leachate concentrations of NO3-N at 60 cm depth were highest in plots receiving supplemental N, with mean concentrations of 7 and 22 mg L-1 NO3-N in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Currently, irrigated land receives an interim credit of 4% reduction in total N in the Chesapeake Bay Model. This reduction is modeled like a filter, where irrigated corn would release 4% less N than comparable rainfed fields. Historical data from University of Delaware corn hybrid variety trials were analyzed to evaluate effects of irrigation on corn yields and NUE over time. Historical yield data and calculated NUE (from variety trials and UD field plot studies) were compared to values in the literature and those used by the Chesapeake Bay Program. In the last two decades, hybrid variety trials met and exceeded the 12.5 Mg ha-1 yield maximum value used in the Chesapeake Bay Model SB. Rainfed plots were 80 and 85% as efficient as irrigated plots in converting applied N to grain yield over the 35 year history of UD corn variety trials. A scenario indicated that irrigated corn could consume 1,030 Mg more N annually than rainfed plots if they were fertilized based on UD N rates for a realistic irrigated yield goal. Based on results of a two-year plot study at UD Warrington Irrigation Farm and analysis of 35 years of yield data from UD variety trials, we make the following preliminary recommendations: 1) lower UD N rate recommendations for high yielding irrigated corn by 15 % to account for increased NUE of irrigated corn and 2) Evaluate if irrigation's NUE would be more appropriately modeled as a separate crop category or, as a BMP. Future research should focus providing data to further refine these recommendations by quantifying NUE at a regional scale. On-farm strip trials could be conducted by UD researchers with a common protocol at multiple locations to evaluate how NUE and yields are affected by irrigation and N management. In addition, we also recommend collection and analysis of leachate and groundwater samples as part of these strip trials to determine risk of N losses at different locations under various soil and management conditions.
Author: H. J. Mack
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carrots
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Author: Geir Lieblein
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788257501402
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Author: Abdelaziz Nilahyane
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355134001
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Field studies on corn for silage were conducted at the University of Wyoming Research and Extension Center located in Powell, Wyoming during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effect of irrigation water and nitrogen (N) on growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of corn for silage grown under sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) and on-surface drip irrigation (ODI) systems; determine the effect of irrigation strategies and N on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of corn for silage grown under both SDI and ODI systems; investigate the effect of limited water on growth, physiological attributes, and WUE of corn for silage; and evaluate irrigation water and N management strategies of corn for silage at multiple locations using a simulation approach. The field studies were laid out as a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replications under the SDI and three replications under the ODI. Irrigation was the main treatment and included three strategies based on the crop evapotranspiration (ETc): full irrigation (100ETc), 80ETc, and 60ETc. Nitrogen was the sub-treatment and included 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N ha−1 as urea-ammonium-nitrate aqueous solution. Results showed that irrigation water and N fertilization strategies affected canopy height, leaf area index (LAI), DM yield, WUE, and irrigation WUE of corn for silage under SDI and ODI systems. The effect of irrigation water was significant during the late vegetative and early reproductive growth stages, suggesting that these are the critical stages to avoid water stress. The combination of 80ETc and 180 kg N ha−1 worked well and could be used for silage corn production in semi-arid conditions. Under SDI, the irrigation water strategies did not affect the nutritive value of corn for silage. On the other hand, significant effect of N rates on crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) was observed. Similarly, the irrigation water strategies under the ODI showed little to no effect on the nutritive value of corn for silage. Our results showed no effect of N on nutritive value of corn for silage when delivered via ODI. Data suggests that 200 kg N ha−1 and 253 mm of seasonal water use and 180 kg N ha−1 and 280 mm of seasonal water use might be optimal combinations for yield and nutritive value of corn for silage grown under SDI and ODI systems, respectively. The crop physiological responses to water showed that water stress during the period from V14 to R2 growth stages affected photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates, indicating that these stages are critical to water needs of corn for silage. The simulated results indicated that irrigation water and N fertilizer rate affected LAI, aboveground biomass, N uptake, and WUE of silage corn grown at different locations in Wyoming. The simulated results indicated 100ETc × 180 kg N ha−1 as most suitable for high yield production of silage corn across locations in Wyoming. The model outputs for scenario of no water and N limitations (potential yield) suggested that an increase to as much as 61% on corn biomass could be achieved if irrigation water and N practices are well managed. Overall, results from field research and those from simulations suggest that irrigation water strategy, N fertilizer rate, and timing are key factors affecting growth, yield, and physiology of corn for silage grown in the semi-arid conditions in Wyoming.
