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Author: Richard Bonney
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Author: Richard Bonney
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Author: William Doyle
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 9780198205364
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
In ancien regime France almost all posts of public responsibility had to be bought or inherited. Rather than tax their richer subjects directly, French kings preferred to sell them privileged public offices, which further payments allowed them to sell or bequeath at will. By the eighteenthcentury there were 70,000 venal offices, comprising the entire judiciary, most of the legal profession, officers in the army, and a wide range of other professions - from financiers handling the king's revenues down to auctioneers and even wigmakers. Though now yielding diminishing returns to theking, offices were more in demand than ever for the privileges and prestige, profit and power, that they conferred; and although it was widely accepted that selling public authority was undesirable, nobody imagined that those who had invested in offices could ever be bought out. The Revolutionbrought an unexpected opportunity to do so, but the legacy of venality has marked French institutions down to our day. William Doyle, one of the foremost historians of early modern Europe, has written the first comprehensive history of the last century of venality. He traces the evolution and dissolution of a system which was fundamental to the workings of state and society in France for over threecenturies.
Author: Eli Filip Heckscher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Author: James Stewart Tupper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law reports, digests, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
Author: David Parrott
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521792096
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 630
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Book Description
A definitive reinterpretation of the role and influence of the French army during Richelieu's ministry.
Author: Hilton L. Root
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520913345
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
The example of Old Regime France provides a source for many of the ideas about capitalism, modernization, and peasant protest that concern social scientists today. Hilton Root challenges traditional assumptions and proposes a new interpretation of the relationship between state and society. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1988. The example of Old Regime France provides a source for many of the ideas about capitalism, modernization, and peasant protest that concern social scientists today. Hilton Root challenges traditional assumptions and proposes a new interpretation of the rel
Author: Stephen A. Wurm
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110819724
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 1903
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Book Description
“An absolutely unique work in linguistics publishing – full of beautiful maps and authoritative accounts of well-known and little-known language encounters. Essential reading (and map-viewing) for students of language contact with a global perspective.” Prof. Dr. Martin Haspelmath, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie The two text volumes cover a large geographical area, including Australia, New Zealand, Melanesia, South -East Asia (Insular and Continental), Oceania, the Philippines, Taiwan, Korea, Mongolia, Central Asia, the Caucasus Area, Siberia, Arctic Areas, Canada, Northwest Coast and Alaska, United States Area, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The Atlas is a detailed, far-reaching handbook of fundamental importance, dealing with a large number of diverse fields of knowledge, with the reported facts based on sound scholarly research and scientific findings, but presented in a form intelligible to non-specialists and educated lay persons in general.
Author: Lars Magnusson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401114080
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
This collection of papers reflects the variety of interpretations and definitions connected with the concept of `mercantilism' which have evolved historically during the last two centuries. They range from interpretations of `mercantilistic' ideas to interpretations of policies. They stress the relationship between economic, social and political ideas and range from the 17th to the late 20th century. Lastly, they provide us with more knowledge of specific national cases as well as a discussion of mercantilism as a general phenomenon.
Author: J. F. Bosher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521077644
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The monarchy of Louis XVI suffered revolution and then destruction after failing to settle its financial difficulties. What precisely were those difficulties? In this book, Professor Bosher shows that the monarchy was financed by a chaotic system of private enterprise which proved increasingly unmanageable and wasteful. Hundreds of profit-seeking accountants - 'capitalists', in the language of the time - stood in the way of reform and even of clear accounting until governments of the French Revolution eventually nationalized the financial system and changed it 'from capitalism into a bureaucracy'. From his close study of the administrative changes Professor Bosher concludes that the National Assembly planned to guard the public finances by bureaucratic organization. 'With a vision of mechanical efficiency and articulation', he writes, 'systems of clock-like checks and balances such as eighteenth-century Frenchmen found everywhere, even in nature itself, the revolutionary planners hoped to prevent corruption, putting their faith in the virtues of organization to offset the vices of the individual men.'
Author: Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521275903
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Contrary to their traditional image as a caste of intransigent reactionaries and parasites, this analysis maintains that pre-revolutionary nobility actually were in the forefront of French economic and intellectual life, and until 1789, at the head of the movement for reform of the old regime.
