ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) Ion Sources for Cyclotrons PDF Download
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Languages : en
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In the last decade ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources have evolved from a single large, power consuming, complex prototype into a variety of compact, simple, reliable, efficient, high performance sources of high charge state ions for accelerators and atomic physics. The coupling of ECR sources to cyclotrons has resulted in significant performance gains in energy, intensity, reliability, and variety of ion species. Seven ECR sources are in regular operation with cyclotrons and numerous other projects are under development or in the planning stag. At least four laboratories have ECR sources dedicated for atomic physics research and other atomic physics programs share ECR sources with cyclotrons. An ECR source is now installed on the injector for the CERN SPS synchrotron to accelerate O/sup 8 +/ to relativistic energies. A project is underway at Argonne to couple an ECR source to a superconducting heavy-ion linac. Although tremendous progress has been made, the field of ECR sources is still a relatively young technology and there is still the potential for further advances both in source development and understanding of the plasma physics. The development of ECR sources is reviewed. The important physics mechanisms which come into play in the operation of ECR Sources are discussed, along with various models for charge state distributions (CSD). The design and performance of several ECR sources are compared. The 88-Inch Cyclotron and the LBL ECR is used as an example of cyclotron+ECR operation. The future of ECR sources is considered.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
In the last decade ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources have evolved from a single large, power consuming, complex prototype into a variety of compact, simple, reliable, efficient, high performance sources of high charge state ions for accelerators and atomic physics. The coupling of ECR sources to cyclotrons has resulted in significant performance gains in energy, intensity, reliability, and variety of ion species. Seven ECR sources are in regular operation with cyclotrons and numerous other projects are under development or in the planning stag. At least four laboratories have ECR sources dedicated for atomic physics research and other atomic physics programs share ECR sources with cyclotrons. An ECR source is now installed on the injector for the CERN SPS synchrotron to accelerate O/sup 8 +/ to relativistic energies. A project is underway at Argonne to couple an ECR source to a superconducting heavy-ion linac. Although tremendous progress has been made, the field of ECR sources is still a relatively young technology and there is still the potential for further advances both in source development and understanding of the plasma physics. The development of ECR sources is reviewed. The important physics mechanisms which come into play in the operation of ECR Sources are discussed, along with various models for charge state distributions (CSD). The design and performance of several ECR sources are compared. The 88-Inch Cyclotron and the LBL ECR is used as an example of cyclotron+ECR operation. The future of ECR sources is considered.
Author: R Geller
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351453238
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sour
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Languages : en
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ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources are now in widespread use for the production of high quality multiply charged ion beams for accelerators and atomic physics experiments, and industrial applications are being explored. Several general characteristics of ECR sources explain their widespread acceptance. For use with cyclotrons which require CW multiply charged ion beams, the ECR source has many advantages over heavy-ion PIG sources. Most important is the ability to produce higher charge states at useful intensities for nuclear physics experiments. Since the maximum energy set by the bending limit of a cyclotron scales with the square of the charge state, the installation of ECR sources on cyclotrons has provided an economical path to raise the energy. Another characteristic of ECR sources is that the discharge is produced without cathodes, so that only the source material injected into an ECR source is consumed. As a result, ECR sources can be operated continuously for periods of weeks without interruption. Techniques have been developed in the last few years, which allow these sources to produce beams from solid materials. The beam emittance from ECR sources is in the range of 50 to 200 .pi. mm-mrad at 10 kV. The principles of ECR ion sources are discussed, and present and future ECR sources are reviewed.
Author: Mark E. Artz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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The main goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of axial injection of a high brightness beam from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source into a high magnetic field cyclotron. Axial injection from an ion source with high brightness is important to reduce particle losses in the first several turns of acceleration within the cyclotron. Beam brightness is a measure of the beam current and rate of spread of the beam. The ultimate goal in developing an ECR ion source is to enable reduced beam losses along the entire acceleration path from the ion source through the cyclotron, allowing for a high beam current accelerator. Cyclotrons with high beam current have the potential to improve the availability of proton radiation therapy. Proton radiation therapy is a precisely targeted treatment capable of providing an excellent non-invasive treatment option for tumors located deep within tissue. In order to model injection into high field it is necessary to measure the parameters of the beam extracted from the ion source. The two most important beam parameters are emittance and beam current. The emittance of the beam is a measurement of the rate of beam spread along the path of the beam and beam current is a measurement of the energy and quantity of particles within a charged particle beam. This thesis presents the design and analysis of an ECR Ion Source and the instruments used to measure the emittance and beam current. Based on the modeling of the ECR ion source beam and the data gathered during testing, the ECR ion source presented in this thesis has the potential to provide a high brightness beam capable of high field axial injection. Beam simulations provide insight into the performance of the ECR ion source in high magnetic field. Axial beam injection from an external ion source is promising with moderate refinements to the ECR ion source.
Author: Matthaeus Leitner
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Berkeley, California, 26-30 September 2004
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source has been developed in the last few years into a reliable source of high charge-state heavy ions. The availability of heavy ions with relatively large charge-to-mass ratios (0.1--0.5) has made it possible to contemplate essentially new classes of heavy-ion linear accelerators. In this talk, I shall review the state-of-the-art in ECR source performance and describe some of the implications this performance level has for heavy-ion linear accelerator design. The present linear accelerator projects using ECR ion sources will be noted and the performance requirements of the ECR source for these projects will be reviewed. 30 refs., 3 figs.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Starting with the pioneering work of R. Geller and his group in Grenoble (France), at least 14 ECR sources have been built and tested during the last five years. Most of those sources have been extremely successful, providing intense, stable and reliable beams of highly charged ions for cyclotron injection or atomic physics research. However, some of the operational features of those sources disagreed with commonly accepted theories on ECR source operation. To explain the observed behavior of actual sources, it was found necessary to refine some of the crude ideas we had about ECR sources. Some of those new propositions are explained, and used to make some extrapolations on the possible future developments in ECR sources.
Author: Bryan Isherwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Ion sources are invaluable tools for producing charge particles for scientific, industrial, and medical applications. In particular, Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources (ECRIS) are high power sources capable of producing high intensity, high charge state beams of heavy ions. The system uses microwaves to resonantly heat of electrons within an inhomogeneous magnetic trap. However, the internal dynamics of the resulting plasma are complex and poorly understood. In particular, the excitation of kinetic instabilities within the plasma can make operating these ion sources difficult and unpredictable. This thesis focuses on studying these instabilities to determine ways to optimize ECRIS performance by minimizing their impact on the extracted beam current.This study focuses on two measurements that look at the steady-state and time-resolved measurements of charged particle currents escaping the ion source during stable and unstable operations. The first measurement is a novel diagnostic of electrons escaping confinement from the plasma chamber. The second was a measurement of high charge state ions (Ar8+) extracted from the plasma chamber over a broad set of parameter spaces. These measurements provide insight into the ideal operating conditions for an ECR ion source and the dynamics of the ion and electron populations within its plasma.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) using RF between 5 and 16 GHz have been developed into stable, reliable sources of highly charged ions produced from a wide range of elements. These devices are currently used as ion sources for cyclotrons, synchrotrons, and heavy-ion linacs for nuclear and relativistic heavy-ion physics. They also serve the atomic physics community as a source of low energy multiply-charged ions. In order to improve their performance both with respect to maximum charge state and beam intensity, ECRIS builders are now designing and constructing sources which will operate at frequencies up to 30 GHz. In this paper we review the present status of operating ECRIS, review recent experimental measurements on plasma parameters, and look at the technology and potential of sources operating at frequencies up to 30 GHz. 14 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Electron Cyclotron Resonance, ECR, ion source technology has developed rapidly since the original pioneering work of R. Geller and his group at Grenoble in the early 1970s. These ion sources are capable of producing intense beams of highly charged positive ions and are used extensively for cyclotron injection, linac injection, and atomic physics research. In this paper, the advantages of using an ECR heavy-ion source in the terminal of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility (HHIRF) 25-MV tandem accelerator is discussed. A possible ECR system for installation in the HHIRF tandem terminal is described.
