Early Papers on Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals PDF Download
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Author: J.M. Bijvoet
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461568781
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
In the Preface to Early Papers on Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals Volume I (containing Chapters I-V and published in 1969), the history and planning of the complete book were outlined. The publication in two separate and consecutive volumes was merely a matter of management; the compilation of both volumes was done at the same time. There is a distinct difference in subject-matter between both volumes: Volume I contains the fundamentals of the theory, while Volume II treats the practical development of the 'trial' -method and the genesis and first applications of the Fourier method. In the period covered by Early Papers (1912-1935), the trial method leads to the successful conquest of structures with up to a hundred parameters. We conclude the book with Patterson's discovery (1934) of the p2-series as described in his second, more detailed and extended paper of 1935. With this method the apparatus was completed which led to the present undreamt-of successes of the Fourier method in the field of organic chemistry. We have considered the inclusion of Robertson's famous synthesis of the structure of phtalocyanine (1936). However, we decided that its proper place would be at the beginning of a book which, no doubt, will appear one day, describing this later period. Considerations of space caused us to give up the chapter on Texture planned at first.
Author: J.M. Bijvoet
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461568781
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
In the Preface to Early Papers on Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals Volume I (containing Chapters I-V and published in 1969), the history and planning of the complete book were outlined. The publication in two separate and consecutive volumes was merely a matter of management; the compilation of both volumes was done at the same time. There is a distinct difference in subject-matter between both volumes: Volume I contains the fundamentals of the theory, while Volume II treats the practical development of the 'trial' -method and the genesis and first applications of the Fourier method. In the period covered by Early Papers (1912-1935), the trial method leads to the successful conquest of structures with up to a hundred parameters. We conclude the book with Patterson's discovery (1934) of the p2-series as described in his second, more detailed and extended paper of 1935. With this method the apparatus was completed which led to the present undreamt-of successes of the Fourier method in the field of organic chemistry. We have considered the inclusion of Robertson's famous synthesis of the structure of phtalocyanine (1936). However, we decided that its proper place would be at the beginning of a book which, no doubt, will appear one day, describing this later period. Considerations of space caused us to give up the chapter on Texture planned at first.
Author: André Authier
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199659842
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
2012 marked the centenary of one of the most significant discoveries of the early twentieth century, the discovery of X-ray diffraction (March 1912, by Laue, Friedrich, and Knipping) and of Bragg's law (November 1912). The discovery of X-ray diffraction confirmed the wave nature of X-rays and the space-lattice hypothesis. It had two major consequences: the analysis of the structure of atoms, and the determination of the atomic structure of materials. This had a momentous impact in chemistry, physics, mineralogy, material science, and biology. This book relates the discovery itself, the early days of X-ray crystallography, and the way the news of the discovery spread round the world. It explains how the first crystal structures were determined, and recounts which were the early applications of X-ray crystallography. It also tells how the concept of space lattice has developed since ancient times, and how our understanding of the nature of light has changed over time. The contributions of the main actors of the story, prior to the discovery, at the time of the discovery and immediately afterwards, are described through their writings and are put into the context of the time, accompanied by brief biographical details.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Author: René Guinebretière
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118613953
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book presents a physical approach to the diffraction phenomenon and its applications in materials science. An historical background to the discovery of X-ray diffraction is first outlined. Next, Part 1 gives a description of the physical phenomenon of X-ray diffraction on perfect and imperfect crystals. Part 2 then provides a detailed analysis of the instruments used for the characterization of powdered materials or thin films. The description of the processing of measured signals and their results is also covered, as are recent developments relating to quantitative microstructural analysis of powders or epitaxial thin films on the basis of X-ray diffraction. Given the comprehensive coverage offered by this title, anyone involved in the field of X-ray diffraction and its applications will find this of great use.
Author: A. Guinier
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486141349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Exploration of fundamentals of x-ray diffraction theory using Fourier transforms applies general results to various atomic structures, amorphous bodies, crystals, and imperfect crystals. 154 illustrations. 1963 edition.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystallization
Languages : en
Pages : 814
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Book Description
Author: Elias Burstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461519632
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 900
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Book Description
The optical properties of semiconductors have played an important role since the identification of semiconductors as "small" bandgap materials in the thinies, due both to their fundamental interest as a class of solids baving specific optical propenies and to their many important applications. On the former aspect we can cite the fundamental edge absorption and its assignment to direct or indirect transitions, many-body effects as revealed by exciton formation and photoconductivity. On the latter aspect, large-scale applications sucb as LEDs and lasers, photovoltaic converters, photodetectors, electro-optics and non-linear optic devices, come to mind. The eighties saw a revitalization of the whole field due to the advent of heterostructures of lower-dimensionality, mainly two-dimensional quantum wells, which through their enhanced photon-matter interaction yielded new devices with unsurpassed performance. Although many of the basic phenomena were evidenced through the seventies, it was this impact on applications which in turn led to such a massive investment in fabrication tools, thanks to which many new structures and materials were studied, yielding funher advances in fundamental physics.
Author: Reuben Rudman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461346010
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
This is the third edition of the Index of Crystallographic Supplies prepared on behalf of the International Union of Crystallography by its Commission on Crystallographic Apparatus. The first was compiled by Professor A. Guinier in 1956 and the second under the editorship of Dr. A. J. Rose in 1959. At that time, it was intended that publication of revised editions of the Index should be a continuing project of succeeding Commissions. However, with changing membership and other pressing activities, the preparation of the third edition has been dependent on the acquisition of a Commission member with appropriate experience and enthusiasm. The Commission is therefore fortunate that Professor R. Rudman, who has had considerable experience in the collation of information on crystallographic matters, has undertaken this task. He has been assisted by the advice of the members of the 1969-72 Commission, in particular that of a group which, during a meeting in Marseille, France, July 4-6, 1971 to discuss Commission affairs, went over the draft of the Index in close detail. These included S. C. Abrahams, U. W. Arndt and D. M. Kheiker. The information included in the Index was gathered from replies to a questionnaire which was sent to a wide range of manufacturers and suppliers throughout the world. It is not intended as complete and exhaustive but it should provide a convenient starting point for the location of the appropriate sources of equipment and materials of use to crystallographers.
Author: Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystallography
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Author: Arthur Holly Compton
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226114309
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 822
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Book Description
Arthur Holly Compton was one of the great leaders in physics of the twentieth century. In this volume, Robert S. Shankland, who was once a student of Compton's, has collected and edited the most important of Professor Compton's papers on X-rays—the field of his greatest achievement—and on other related topics. Compton entered the field of X-ray research in 1913 and carried on active work until the 1930s, when he began to specialize in cosmic rays. During the years when Compton was an active leader in X-ray research, he made many notable contributions which are reflected in the papers presented here. He was the first to prove several important optical properties of X-rays, including scattering, complete polarization, and total reflection. He was also the first, with his student R. L. Doan, to use ruled gratings for the production of X-ray spectra. Professor Compton's greatest discovery, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1927, was the Compton Effect. This was the outgrowth of experiments he had initiated during a year at Cambridge in 1919-20. He did the major portion of these experiments at Washington University in St. Louis during the period 1920-24. His work demonstrated that in the scattering of X-rays by electrons, the radiation behaves like corpuscles, and that the interaction between the X-ray corpuscles and the electrons in the scatter is completely described by the principles of the conservation of energy and momentum for the collisions of particles. In his introduction, Professor Shankland gives a historical account of the papers, narrates Professor Compton's early scientific career, and shows how he arrived at a quantum explanation of the Compton scattering after eliminating all classical explanations.
