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Author: Rick Durrett
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139460889
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
The theory of random graphs began in the late 1950s in several papers by Erdos and Renyi. In the late twentieth century, the notion of six degrees of separation, meaning that any two people on the planet can be connected by a short chain of people who know each other, inspired Strogatz and Watts to define the small world random graph in which each site is connected to k close neighbors, but also has long-range connections. At a similar time, it was observed in human social and sexual networks and on the Internet that the number of neighbors of an individual or computer has a power law distribution. This inspired Barabasi and Albert to define the preferential attachment model, which has these properties. These two papers have led to an explosion of research. The purpose of this book is to use a wide variety of mathematical argument to obtain insights into the properties of these graphs. A unique feature is the interest in the dynamics of process taking place on the graph in addition to their geometric properties, such as connectedness and diameter.
Author: Rick Durrett
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139460889
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Get Book Here
Book Description
The theory of random graphs began in the late 1950s in several papers by Erdos and Renyi. In the late twentieth century, the notion of six degrees of separation, meaning that any two people on the planet can be connected by a short chain of people who know each other, inspired Strogatz and Watts to define the small world random graph in which each site is connected to k close neighbors, but also has long-range connections. At a similar time, it was observed in human social and sexual networks and on the Internet that the number of neighbors of an individual or computer has a power law distribution. This inspired Barabasi and Albert to define the preferential attachment model, which has these properties. These two papers have led to an explosion of research. The purpose of this book is to use a wide variety of mathematical argument to obtain insights into the properties of these graphs. A unique feature is the interest in the dynamics of process taking place on the graph in addition to their geometric properties, such as connectedness and diameter.
Author: Andrei Y. Khrennikov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402026609
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of the theory of p-adic (and more general non-Archimedean) dynamical systems. The main part of the book is devoted to discrete dynamical systems. It presents a model of probabilistic thinking on p-adic mental space based on ultrametric diffusion. Coverage also details p-adic neural networks and their applications to cognitive sciences: learning algorithms, memory recalling.
Author: Duncan J. Watts
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691188335
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Everyone knows the small-world phenomenon: soon after meeting a stranger, we are surprised to discover that we have a mutual friend, or we are connected through a short chain of acquaintances. In his book, Duncan Watts uses this intriguing phenomenon--colloquially called "six degrees of separation"--as a prelude to a more general exploration: under what conditions can a small world arise in any kind of network? The networks of this story are everywhere: the brain is a network of neurons; organisations are people networks; the global economy is a network of national economies, which are networks of markets, which are in turn networks of interacting producers and consumers. Food webs, ecosystems, and the Internet can all be represented as networks, as can strategies for solving a problem, topics in a conversation, and even words in a language. Many of these networks, the author claims, will turn out to be small worlds. How do such networks matter? Simply put, local actions can have global consequences, and the relationship between local and global dynamics depends critically on the network's structure. Watts illustrates the subtleties of this relationship using a variety of simple models---the spread of infectious disease through a structured population; the evolution of cooperation in game theory; the computational capacity of cellular automata; and the sychronisation of coupled phase-oscillators. Watts's novel approach is relevant to many problems that deal with network connectivity and complex systems' behaviour in general: How do diseases (or rumours) spread through social networks? How does cooperation evolve in large groups? How do cascading failures propagate through large power grids, or financial systems? What is the most efficient architecture for an organisation, or for a communications network? This fascinating exploration will be fruitful in a remarkable variety of fields, including physics and mathematics, as well as sociology, economics, and biology.
Author: Michael Aizenman
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 1470419130
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
This book provides an introduction to the mathematical theory of disorder effects on quantum spectra and dynamics. Topics covered range from the basic theory of spectra and dynamics of self-adjoint operators through Anderson localization--presented here via the fractional moment method, up to recent results on resonant delocalization. The subject's multifaceted presentation is organized into seventeen chapters, each focused on either a specific mathematical topic or on a demonstration of the theory's relevance to physics, e.g., its implications for the quantum Hall effect. The mathematical chapters include general relations of quantum spectra and dynamics, ergodicity and its implications, methods for establishing spectral and dynamical localization regimes, applications and properties of the Green function, its relation to the eigenfunction correlator, fractional moments of Herglotz-Pick functions, the phase diagram for tree graph operators, resonant delocalization, the spectral statistics conjecture, and related results. The text incorporates notes from courses that were presented at the authors' respective institutions and attended by graduate students and postdoctoral researchers.
Author: Nguyen Dinh Cong
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198501572
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
This book is the first systematic treatment of the theory of topological dynamics of random dynamical systems. A relatively new field, the theory of random dynamical systems unites and develops the classical deterministic theory of dynamical systems and probability theory, finding numerous applications in disciplines ranging from physics and biology to engineering, finance and economics. This book presents in detail the solutions to the most fundamental problems of topological dynamics: linearization of nonlinear smooth systems, classification, and structural stability of linear hyperbolic systems. Employing the tools and methods of algebraic ergodic theory, the theory presented in the book has surprisingly beautiful results showing the richness of random dynamical systems as well as giving a gentle generalization of the classical deterministic theory.
Author: Jaroslaw Strzalko
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 364203960X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Our everyday life is in?uenced by many unexpected (dif?cult to predict) events usually referred as a chance. Probably, we all are as we are due to the accumulation point of a multitude of chance events. Gambling games that have been known to human beings nearly from the beginning of our civilization are based on chance events. These chance events have created the dream that everybody can easily become rich. This pursuit made gambling so popular. This book is devoted to the dynamics of the mechanical randomizers and we try to solve the problem why mechanical device (roulette) or a rigid body (a coin or a die) operating in the way described by the laws of classical mechanics can behave in such a way and produce a pseudorandom outcome. During mathematical lessons in primary school we are taught that the outcome of the coin tossing experiment is random and that the probability that the tossed coin lands heads (tails) up is equal to 1/2. Approximately, at the same time during physics lessons we are told that the motion of the rigid body (coin is an example of suchabody)isfullydeterministic. Typically,studentsarenotgiventheanswertothe question Why this duality in the interpretation of the simple mechanical experiment is possible? Trying to answer this question we describe the dynamics of the gambling games based on the coin toss, the throw of the die, and the roulette run.
Author: Hans Crauel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387226559
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
Focusing on the mathematical description of stochastic dynamics in discrete as well as in continuous time, this book investigates such dynamical phenomena as perturbations, bifurcations and chaos. It also introduces new ideas for the exploration of infinite dimensional systems, in particular stochastic partial differential equations. Example applications are presented from biology, chemistry and engineering, while describing numerical treatments of stochastic systems.
Author: Jian-Qiao Sun
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080463983
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
This book is a result of many years of author's research and teaching on random vibration and control. It was used as lecture notes for a graduate course. It provides a systematic review of theory of probability, stochastic processes, and stochastic calculus. The feedback control is also reviewed in the book. Random vibration analyses of SDOF, MDOF and continuous structural systems are presented in a pedagogical order. The application of the random vibration theory to reliability and fatigue analysis is also discussed. Recent research results on fatigue analysis of non-Gaussian stress processes are also presented. Classical feedback control, active damping, covariance control, optimal control, sliding control of stochastic systems, feedback control of stochastic time-delayed systems, and probability density tracking control are studied. Many control results are new in the literature and included in this book for the first time. The book serves as a reference to the engineers who design and maintain structures subject to harsh random excitations including earthquakes, sea waves, wind gusts, and aerodynamic forces, and would like to reduce the damages of structural systems due to random excitations.· Comprehensive review of probability theory, and stochastic processes· Random vibrations· Structural reliability and fatigue, Non-Gaussian fatigue· Monte Carlo methods· Stochastic calculus and engineering applications· Stochastic feedback controls and optimal controls· Stochastic sliding mode controls· Feedback control of stochastic time-delayed systems· Probability density tracking control
Author: Jie Li
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470824255
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
In Stochastic Dynamics of Structures, Li and Chen present a unified view of the theory and techniques for stochastic dynamics analysis, prediction of reliability, and system control of structures within the innovative theoretical framework of physical stochastic systems. The authors outline the fundamental concepts of random variables, stochastic process and random field, and orthogonal expansion of random functions. Readers will gain insight into core concepts such as stochastic process models for typical dynamic excitations of structures, stochastic finite element, and random vibration analysis. Li and Chen also cover advanced topics, including the theory of and elaborate numerical methods for probability density evolution analysis of stochastic dynamical systems, reliability-based design, and performance control of structures. Stochastic Dynamics of Structures presents techniques for researchers and graduate students in a wide variety of engineering fields: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace and aeronautics, marine and offshore engineering, ship engineering, and applied mechanics. Practicing engineers will benefit from the concise review of random vibration theory and the new methods introduced in the later chapters. "The book is a valuable contribution to the continuing development of the field of stochastic structural dynamics, including the recent discoveries and developments by the authors of the probability density evolution method (PDEM) and its applications to the assessment of the dynamic reliability and control of complex structures through the equivalent extreme-value distribution." —A. H-S. Ang, NAE, Hon. Mem. ASCE, Research Professor, University of California, Irvine, USA "The authors have made a concerted effort to present a responsible and even holistic account of modern stochastic dynamics. Beyond the traditional concepts, they also discuss theoretical tools of recent currency such as the Karhunen-Loeve expansion, evolutionary power spectra, etc. The theoretical developments are properly supplemented by examples from earthquake, wind, and ocean engineering. The book is integrated by also comprising several useful appendices, and an exhaustive list of references; it will be an indispensable tool for students, researchers, and practitioners endeavoring in its thematic field." —Pol Spanos, NAE, Ryon Chair in Engineering, Rice University, Houston, USA
Author: Wulfram Gerstner
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107060834
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 591
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Book Description
This solid introduction uses the principles of physics and the tools of mathematics to approach fundamental questions of neuroscience.
