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Author: Kurt R. Hoigard
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 080314492X
Category : Building stones
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
"Twelve peer-reviewed papers demonstrate the continuing advancement in the understanding of dimension stone used in building construction. Topics cover: Strength Testing--addresses testing to determine strength characteristics of dimension stone cladding panels. Design--covers a wide range of topics, including the advantages and disadvantages of three common dimension stone paving installation techniques; the relationships between stone material strength, anchorage strength, and induced stress states for four common dimension stone cladding anchorage configurations; and more. Evaluation and Investigation--provides observations regarding investigations into the causes of dimension stone cladding deterioration and failure. Durability--discusses the complex issue of dimension stone durability using three different approaches; a large-scale European research project to investigate the causes of marble and limestone cladding panel bowing, develop preconstruction testing parameters to assess bowing potential, and assess proposed remedial efforts to reduce or inhibit ongoing bowing; and more."--Publisher's website.
Author: Kurt R. Hoigard
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 080314492X
Category : Building stones
Languages : en
Pages : 164
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Twelve peer-reviewed papers demonstrate the continuing advancement in the understanding of dimension stone used in building construction. Topics cover: Strength Testing--addresses testing to determine strength characteristics of dimension stone cladding panels. Design--covers a wide range of topics, including the advantages and disadvantages of three common dimension stone paving installation techniques; the relationships between stone material strength, anchorage strength, and induced stress states for four common dimension stone cladding anchorage configurations; and more. Evaluation and Investigation--provides observations regarding investigations into the causes of dimension stone cladding deterioration and failure. Durability--discusses the complex issue of dimension stone durability using three different approaches; a large-scale European research project to investigate the causes of marble and limestone cladding panel bowing, develop preconstruction testing parameters to assess bowing potential, and assess proposed remedial efforts to reduce or inhibit ongoing bowing; and more."--Publisher's website.
Author: B. Grelk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bowing
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
Natural stone has been used for centuries as building material. In historical time it was mainly used as load bearing elements, but within the past 50 years a new processing technique has made it commercially feasible to produce and use thin façade cladding. Unfortunately, a number of marble facades on buildings in both Europe and elsewhere have had serious problems with deterioration of the stone material. The TEAM (TEAM = TEsting and Assessment of Marble and limestone) project consortium represents nine European countries and comprises 16 partners, representing stone producers and trade associations, testing laboratories, standardization and certificate bodies, consultants, building owners and caretakers and producers of fixing and repair systems. The project had a budget of approximately 5 million dollars and was partly funded by the European Commission under the contract no. G5RD-CT-2000-00233. Two of the main objectives in the TEAM project were: -- To understand and explain the mechanisms of the expansion, bowing, and loss of strength leading to degradation of marble and limestone clad facades. -- To prevent the use of deleterious marble and limestone by introducing a draft for new European standards. This paper presents some of the important conclusions drawn from a literature review carried out within the TEAM project--and was based on an extensive review of literature on marble and limestone deterioration dating from the late 1800s to 2006 and the results of the TEAM project. The comprehensive information from more than 70 selected literature references is reviewed and discussed in order to describe the present knowledge on the causes and mechanisms responsible for the bowing and strength loss of thin marble cladding. In the following, the literature and TEAM findings are grouped under a number of headings proposed to explain observations. Thus, the information from the literature is compared and supplemented with the results from the TEAM project in order to present a good overview of the existing, most relevant, knowledge in the field. The literature review reveals that only few researchers have examined the durability problem from a broad perspective. In addition, no conclusive answer about the mechanisms and influencing factors can be given. The TEAM project has made it possible to identify several of the key influencing factors in marble degradation, the relative importance of various factors, and to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Author: Rui de Sousa Camposinhos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400768486
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
This volume presents new methodologies for the design of dimension stone based on the concepts of structural design while preserving the excellence of stonemasonry practice in façade engineering. Straightforward formulae are provided for computing action on cladding, with special emphasis on the effect of seismic forces, including an extensive general methodology applied to non-structural elements. Based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design Format (LRDF), minimum slab thickness formulae are presented that take into consideration stress concentrations analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the most commonly used modern anchorage systems. Calculation examples allow designers to solve several anchorage engineering problems in a detailed and objective manner, underlining the key parameters. The design of the anchorage metal parts, either in stainless steel or aluminum, is also presented.
Author: Cláudia Ferreira
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031147677
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
This book introduces a maintenance model that will assist decision-makers in their choice of building maintenance policies. The model is stochastic and condition-based that analyses the impact of different maintenance strategies on the durability and performance of different buildings envelope elements (facades, windows, and roofs). As non-structural elements, the maintenance of buildings envelope can be disregarded stakeholders. However, as first barrier to the external environment, these elements are critical to buildings' overall performance and are expected to meet aesthetic, comfort, safety, and durability requirements. The methodology presented is innovative. The maintenance model is based on a Petri net formalism and includes degradation, inspection, maintenance, and renewal processes. The model provides key information, such as: i) the impact of different maintenance strategies on the service life and durability of the building components; ii) the impact of maintenance on their performance over time; iii) the life cycle costs; and iv) the impact of maintenance on the buildings' use. The book will be of use to a variety of professionals in the construction sector.
Author: Clifford A. Price
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 1606060465
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
First published in 1996, this volume has been substantially updated to reflect new research in the conservation of stone monuments, sculpture, and archaeological sites.
Author: D. Pereira
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 186239685X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
This Special Publication is dedicated to heritage stone: those natural stones that have special significance in human culture. Some stones that have had important uses in the past are now neglected because they are no longer extracted. Others are still commercially important, but their heritage uses have not been well documented in widely available sources. The Heritage Stone Task Group of the International Union of Geological Sciences is working to establish a new formal designation of ‘Global Heritage Stone Resource’ to recognize those stones that have had internationally significant architectural and ornamental uses. The aim is to spread awareness of the cultural heritage aspects of these stones, to help to encourage continued supply for maintenance and repair of important monuments and to preserve historically important quarries. The aim is neither to promote nor to limit these stones for new construction: in some cases continuing commercial use might help to ensure future supplies for building conservation purposes.
Author: Michael Grantham
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 020386400X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
Concrete repair continues to be a subject of major interest to engineers and technologists worldwide. The concrete repair budget for the UK alone currently runs at some UKP 220 per annum. Some estimates have indicated that, worldwide, in 2010 the expenditure for maintenance and repair work will represent about 85% of the total expenditure in the co
Author: B. Schouenborg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Building stones
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
The use of natural stone as facade cladding has been shown to have much lower life cycle costs and they are more environmentally friendly than comparable products of concrete, glass, and steel. Promoting the use of natural stone has therefore a great positive impact on the environment. However, the number of occurrences of bowing and expansion of marble and limestone panels has led to increased maintenance costs, significant safety risk, and negative publicity. The lack of knowledge of a solution to the problem of bowing marble has a large negative effect on the entire stone trade. In response, short-sighted and less durable construction solutions are used as an alternative, adding to the decreasing export figures and numbers of employees within the stone sector. The TEAM (TEAM=TEsting and Assessment of Marble and limestone) project addresses a problem with marble types, from several European countries, that display bowing on facades in both cold and warm climates. There is, therefore a need to develop harmonized European standards for differentiating between marble that is susceptible to bowing and marble that is not. Resolution No. 013, in May 1999 taken by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Technical Committee (TC) 246 Natural Stone states the urgent needs "to develop a direct test method of the bowing risk for marble cladding products." Thus, the project addresses the mandate for external wall coverings and the safety of panels. This paper serves to give a comprehensive overview of the main findings in the project. The main objectives were: • To understand and explain the mechanisms of the expansion and loss of strength, probably the most important phenomena leading to degradation of marble and limestone clad facades. •To prevent the use of deleterious marble and limestone by introducing drafts for European standards. • To develop a concept for assessment of facades, including a monitoring system in order to predict strength development and improve safety and reliability. • To analyze if surface coating and impregnation could prevent or diminish the degradation. • To address quality control aspects in order to optimize the production conditions. The TEAM project consortium, representing nine EU (European union) countries, comprised sixteen partners representing stone producers and trade associations, testing laboratories, standardization and certification bodies, consultants, building owners and caretakers and producers of fixing and repair systems. A state-of-the-art report has been written and is based on an extensive compilation of more than 400 papers on marble and limestone deterioration dating from the late 1800s to 2006. A survey of about 200 buildings has given a clear picture of the extent of the problem in geographical, geological, and climatological terms. Detailed case studies of six buildings have resulted in a methodology for assessment of facades including monitoring system and risk assessment. Research both in the laboratory and the field were performed on a large number of different stone types from different countries and used in different climates. This gave the explanation of degradation mechanisms and led to the determination of the critical influencing factors. Two tests methods, including precision statements: one for bowing [1] and one for thermal and moisture irreversible expansion have been prepared for submission to CEN TC 246. Repair techniques based on the use of surface coating and impregnation systems has been tested at laboratory and in the field. Positive side effects including increased durability and easier cleaning have been observed. Guidelines for production and product control have been proposed, and an instruction for stone sampling and description has been developed.
Author: R. Prikryl
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780203024492
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
This volume brings together papers from the multidisciplinary Dimension Stone 2004 Conference, held in Prague. Looking at all aspects of this useful and attractive building material, experts from many fields of research offer their perspectives from geology, rock mechanics, geotechnics, the stone extractive industry, restoration work and architecture. The result is a wide-ranging and practical handbook for geologists, engineers and architects covering: - geological studies of traditional local stone types - advanced rock fabric and rock mechanics studies applied to dimension stone research - application of dimension stone databases for historical research and for stone marketing - GIS application to quarry planning - aspects of dimension stone deterioration - bowing of natural stone cladding and prevention - processing and benefits of waste from the stone industry.
Author: Mustafa Mahamid
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 1260115992
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 957
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Book Description
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The industry-standard guide to structural engineering—fully updated for the latest advances and regulations For 50 years, this internationally renowned handbook has been the go-to reference for structural engineering specifications, codes, technologies, and procedures. Featuring contributions from a variety of experts, the book has been revised to align with the codes that govern structural design and materials, including IBC, ASCE 7, ASCE 37, ACI, AISC, AASHTO, NDS, and TMS. Concise, practical, and user-friendly, this one-of-a-kind resource contains real-world examples and detailed descriptions of today’s design methods. Structural Engineering Handbook, Fifth Edition, covers: • Computer applications in structural engineering • Earthquake engineering • Fatigue, brittle fracture, and lamellar tearing • Soil mechanics and foundations • Design of steel structural and composite members • Plastic design of steel frames • Design of cold-formed steel structural members • Design of aluminum structural members • Design of reinforced- and prestressed-concrete structural members • Masonry construction and timber structures • Arches and rigid frames • Bridges and girder boxes • Building design and considerations • Industrial and tall buildings • Thin-shell concrete structures • Special structures and nonbuilding structures
