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Author: Robert Bork
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781736089712
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Author: Robert Bork
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781736089712
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Author: Joan Robinson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349153206
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrial concentration
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Author: United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 2452
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Book Description
Author: Jens-Uwe Franck
Publisher: Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE)
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: Charles Fishman
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 9781594200762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
An award-winning journalist breaks through the wall of secrecy to reveal how the world's most powerful company really works and how it is transforming the American economy.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Author: Garth Saloner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470009470
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
This book is written for current and future general managers who have or will have overall responsibility for a business. The authors provide a set of frameworks, tools, and concepts to build this capability. The goal of the book is to provide insights into organizations and strategy that will help general managers make strategic thinking in their firms pervasive, effective, and rewarding.
Author: HRISHIKES BHATTACHARYA
Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN: 8120349040
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
Working capital is commonly understood as the fund needed to meet the day-to-day expenses of an enterprise. A finance manager finds that the funds for meeting these expenses get blocked in current assets. He therefore, looks for liquidity support in net working capital (NWC), which is equivalent to the excess of current assets over current liabilities. A banker also looks at the size of NWC as the long-term stake of the business in funding the current assets. But for a production manager, liquidity is synonymous to uninterrupted supply of material inputs to the production lines. Similarly for a marketing manager, if there is no production, his marketing outlets dry up despite demand in the market. While the finance manager discourages overstocking of inventory, the production manager and the marketing manager dread of being out of stock. In this conflict the goal of the organization often takes a back seat. This book aims at resolving these conflicts by adopting a techno-financial approach to working capital management. In the Third Edition a full chapter on Service Business: Risk Analysis and Working Capital Assessment has been incorporated, which is devoted to understand the nature of service business and the risks associated with it. It is followed by developing a model for assessment of working capital requirement of a service enterprise. Besides, the book is revised and updated extensively by incorporating the current researches in the field; particular mention can be made of Cash Pooling system, Bullwhip effect and newer approaches to inventory recording system. Throughout the book, every concept is presented with worked-out examples and case studies for easy comprehension of the subject. The book is primarily addressed to postgraduate students majoring in Finance and to those pursuing professional courses in Accounts (CA) and Cost Accounting (ICWA). The book will also be very useful to practising finance managers as well as to purchase/materials managers.
