Author: Imran Masood
Publisher: Penerbit USM
ISBN: 9838616559
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Book Description
The relationship between doctors and the pharmaceutical industry has received significant attention from both the policy makers and consumers groups over the last few years. lt had been reported in many international literatures that physicians meet with pharmaceutical representatives several times in a month and accept many gifts, cash payments, drug samples, meals, as well as travelling expenses to attend educational and recreational events. Within this context, a study was carried out to identify and to document various promotional techniques used by pharmaceutical industry directed towards general practitioners practicing in Malaysia.This study was a cross-sectional study, involving registered GPs practicing in Malaysia.
Author: Asrul Akmal Shafie
Publisher: Penerbit USM
ISBN: 9838616591
Category : Medical care, Cost of
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
The separation of dispensing from doctor or what is simply called dispensing separation is a holty debated health policy proposition in Malaysia but rarely discussed. Each time the issue resurfaced, emotional opposition took place and extinguish the discussion of an important policy change that is long overdue in Malaysia. Consequently, both policy markers and the public are deprived of rational arguments for the policy. This book reported an economic evaluation study that has evaluated the benefit of dispensing separation policy from a Malaysian societal perspective using a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) framework. In the absence of empirical data or controlled trial on the policy, the study has also applied a decision modeling approach that make use of empirical data from published studies. This is the first time suach an approach was used in addressing this issue and we feel that this would have appeal not only to Malaysian policy, but also to other countries that are also contemplating such change.
Author: Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319121693
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of the global pharmaceutical pricing policies. Medicines use is increasing globally with the increase in resistant microbes, emergence of new treatments, and because of awareness among consumers. This has resulted in increased drug expenditures globally. As the pharmaceutical market is expanding, a variety of pharmaceutical pricing strategies and policies have been employed by drug companies, state organizations and pharmaceutical pricing authorities.
Author: M. Nadarajah
Publisher: UN
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Unprecedented urban growth makes sustainability in cities a crucial issue for policy makers, scholars and business leaders. This emerging urban crisis challenges environment-based and economic-based approaches to sustainability, and highlights the complex and critical role that culture plays in ensuring that cities are viable for future generations. This publication assesses the use of cultural indicators as a tool for policymakers, drawing on case studies of Patan (Nepal), Penang (Malaysia), Cheongju (South Korea), and Kanazawa (Japan), and offers fresh insights into the role of culture in fostering community development, environmental awareness and balanced economic growth.
Author: Siti Khadijah Ab. Manan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811014523
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 581
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Book Description
This book features more than 50 papers presented at the International Halal Conference 2014, which was held in Istanbul and organised by the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies of Universiti Teknologi MARA. It addresses the challenges facing Muslims involved in halal industries in meeting the increasing global demand. The papers cover topics such as halal food, halal pharmaceuticals, halal cosmetics and personal care, halal logistics, halal testing and analysis and ethics in the halal industry. Overall, the volume offers a comprehensive point of view on Islamic principles relating to the halal business, industry, culture, food, safety, finance and other aspects of life. The contributors include experts from various disciplines who apply a variety of scientific research methodologies. They present perspectives that range from the experimental to the philosophical. This volume will appeal to scholars at all levels of qualification and experience who seek a clearer understanding of important issues in the halal industry.
Author: Derek Thiam Soon Heng
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
ISBN: 9089640940
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Over the past two decades, Singapore has advanced rapidly towards becoming a both a global city-state and a key nodal point in the international economic sphere. These developments have caused us to reassess how we understand this changing nation, including its history, population, and geography, as well as its transregional and transnational experiences with the external world. This collection spans several disciplines in the humanities and social sciences and draws on various theoretical approaches and methodologies in order to produce a more refined understanding of Singapore and to reconceptialize the challenges faced by the country and its peoples.
Author: Azmil Tayeb
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351116843
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Despite their close geographic and cultural ties, Indonesia and Malaysia have dramatically different Islamic education, with that in Indonesia being relatively decentralized and discursively diverse, while that in Malaysia is centralized and discursively restricted. The book explores the nature of the Islamic education systems in Indonesia and Malaysia and the different approaches taken by these states in managing these systems. The book argues that the post-colonial state in Malaysia has been more successful in centralising its control over Islamic education, and more concerned with promoting a restrictive orthodoxy, compared to the post-colonial state in Indonesia. This is due to three factors: the ideological makeup of the state institutions that oversee Islamic education; patterns of societal Islamisation that have prompted different responses from the states; and control of resources by the central government that influences centre-periphery relations. Informed by the theoretical works of state-in-society relations and historical institutionalism, this book shows that the three aforementioned factors can help a state to minimize influence from the society and exert its dominance, in this case by centralising control over Islamic education. Specifically, they help us understand the markedly different landscapes of Islamic education in Malaysia and Indonesia. It will be of interest to academics in the field of Southeast Asian Studies, Asian Education and Comparative Education.
Author: Eelco F.M. Wijdicks
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199331235
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 809
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Book Description
The Comatose Patient, Second Edition, is a critical historical overview of the concepts of consciousness and unconsciousness, covering all aspects of coma within 100 detailed case vignettes. This comprehensive text includes principles of neurologic examination of comatose patients as well as instruction of the FOUR Score coma scale, and also discusses landmark legal cases and ethical problems. As the Chair of Division of Critical Care Neurology at Mayo Clinic, Dr. Wijdicks uses his extensive knowledge to discuss a new practical multistep approach to the diagnosis of the comatose patient. Additionally, this edition includes extensive coverage of the interpretation of neuroimaging and its role in daily practice and decision making, as well as management in the emergency room and ICU. Dr. Wijdicks details long-term supportive care and an appropriate approach to communication with family members about end-of-life decision making. In addition, video clips on neurologic examination and neurologic manifestations seen in comatose patients can be found here: http://oxfordmedicine.com/comatosepatient2e. All video recordings from the first edition have been reformatted and remastered for optimal use, and several more video clips of patients have also been included.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241544694
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
Sets out guidelines that can help reduce the high levels of maternal morbidity and mortality associated with abortion whether spontaneous or induced. Recommendations and advice are backed by extensive practical experience and rooted in the principle that emergency care for the complications of abortion should be available 24 hours a day in every health care system. In view of the need to prevent life-threatening complications the book also establishes standards of safe abortion practice for use in those countries where abortion is permitted by law. Prevention of abortion through education and family planning is likewise discussed. Addressed to health managers administrators and care providers the book follows a step-by-step approach to the provision of emergency and preventive care. The first three chapters describe the magnitude of mortality and morbidity caused by unsafe abortions define the essential components of abortion care at each level in the health system and discuss the ways in which legal and societal factors affect abortion behaviour and care. Against this background the remaining eleven chapters provide technical and managerial guidelines for each component of service at each level of the health system needed to ensure that all women have access to care 24 hours a day. A chapter on planning is followed by three chapters outlining the clinical elements of emergency abortion care. Of particular value is a chapter on patient information and counselling which emphasizes the importance of providing information in a supportive manner. Other chapters offer detailed guidance on the facilities equipment and drugs needed for abortion care on the training and supervision of staff and on ways to overcome several obstacles that make it difficult for women in remote rural areas to receive timely care.
Author: Ziauddin Sardar
Publisher: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT)
ISBN: 1642052604
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Where will Muslim societies be tomorrow? The world is increasingly and constantly changing, making it hard to keep up. This makes the state much more dire and troublesome for those already marginalised – particularly Muslim societies. Normal is no longer capable of upholding the promise of tomorrow’s certainty. These are postnormal times. In this storm of ignorance and uncertainty, Muslim societies stand to lose the most. But this is not destiny. In the cultivation of a new type of literacy – futures literacy – there resides a hope. Muslim Societies in Postnormal Times offers an alternative where we can ‘rescue’ and decolonise our futures. Sardar, Serra, and Jordan take an open and plural approach to the future revealing the true potentials that lie before us. Through detailed analysis of contemporary trends, the road to destruction is revealed. Through identifying and exploring emerging issues, agency through options can allow for positive change. And in the extrapolation of these ideas into scenarios, the authors pave the way for us to navigate our own preferred futures. Their study challenges the reader to think about the future in a new way, redefining the monolithic future as three tomorrows (Extended Present, Familiar Futures, and Unthought Futures), along the way ever watchful for Black Swans, Black Elephants, and the illustrious Black Jellyfish that could disrupt the path ahead. The authors pull no punches in critically evaluating the possibilities and nightmares that could potentially befall Muslim societies. Through a display of creativity and imagination, this book looks beyond the conventional to illuminate impacts in the context of the complex, interconnected world we find ourselves in. This informative and enlightening text will push readers to see beyond popular, yet native notions of present and future. In the exposition of the reader’s ignorance and uncertainty, they will begin to look for the unthought and take agency in recolonising and navigating their preferred tomorrow.
