Diurnal Patterns in the Persistence of "Thin-Layers" of Marine Snow, Zooplankton and Turbulent Microstructure in Coastal Waters PDF Download
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Recent evidence indicates that large detrital aggregates, known as marine snow, are highly concentrated at pycnoclines and other density discontinuities in the water column due to turbulence, shear, and reduced sinking rates as settling aggregates encounter layers of higher density (MacIntyre et al, 1995). The characteristics of these thin layers of high aggregate abundance and their impacts on the distributions of phytoplankton, microbes, and zooplankton in the water column are poorly known, but likely to be significant. Our long-term goal is to develop a predictive understanding of the relationship between the vertical distribution of marine snow, pelagic organisms, and physical properties, including turbulence. Such information will increase our understanding of the patchy distribution of living and detrital matter in the sea and of the impact of thin layers on optical and acoustical properties of the water column.
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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Recent evidence indicates that large detrital aggregates, known as marine snow, are highly concentrated at pycnoclines and other density discontinuities in the water column due to turbulence, shear, and reduced sinking rates as settling aggregates encounter layers of higher density (MacIntyre et al, 1995). The characteristics of these thin layers of high aggregate abundance and their impacts on the distributions of phytoplankton, microbes, and zooplankton in the water column are poorly known, but likely to be significant. Our long-term goal is to develop a predictive understanding of the relationship between the vertical distribution of marine snow, pelagic organisms, and physical properties, including turbulence. Such information will increase our understanding of the patchy distribution of living and detrital matter in the sea and of the impact of thin layers on optical and acoustical properties of the water column.
Author: John M. Melack
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401729344
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Inland saline waters are threatened worldwide by diversion and pollution of their inflows, introductions of exotic species and economic development of these ecologically valuable habitats. Since 1979 a series of international symposia on inland saline waters has served to strengthen and expand the scope of limnological research on inland saline waters. The seventh conference continued this tradition and the papers derived from the conference focused on the ecology of microbial communities, the influence of habitat geochemistry on biogeography of flora and fauna, physical and geochemical processes, and the conservation of inland saline waters. Of particular note are papers on Walker Lake, Nevada (USA), and the Salton Sea and Mono Lake, California (USA). Continued local, national and international efforts are required to inform the public and decision-makers about the environmental problems faced by saline waters. The papers in this volume will serve this end and should be of interest to aquatic ecologists, limnologists, aquaculturalists, and water resource managers.
Author: Aditya R. Nayak
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889667693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Author: Elena Clara Beckhaus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Marine snow is a major component of the biological pump, through which carbon is exported to the deep ocean. The sinking of marine snow can be disrupted by organisms, including many species of zooplankton that ingest or break up aggregates. These processes can have important impacts on planktonic food web dynamics and carbon export. Marine snow can have vertically patchy distributions, occurring in thin layers, which may further affect interactions with zooplankton. In this lab-based study, we examined how the presence of a marine snow layer affects copepod behavior and ingestion. We conducted a series of experiments in which copepods of the species Calanus pacificus were exposed to four different feeding environments: a layer of marine snow, a homogenous distribution of marine snow, and two control treatments without marine snow - one with a density gradient and one without a density gradient. Copepod behavior was recorded with two cameras that were set up perpendicular to one another, imaging neighboring sides of the tank. We were able to reconstruct 2D and 3D copepod tracks, allowing us to compare copepod vertical distributions and calculate copepod swimming velocity, jump frequency, and path linearity. Copepod gut fluorescence was measured after the experiments to determine differences in ingestion between treatments. Gut content analysis showed that copepods did ingest marine snow when exposed to the layer and homogenous distributions of aggregates, with potentially higher ingestion seen in the layer treatment. Behavioral analyses show significantly higher residence time of copepods in the middle of the tanks (where the marine snow layer and density gradient were located) in the layer treatment and control with gradient treatment, with substantially higher jump frequency and substantially lower vertical velocity also seen in this region for those two treatments. These findings suggest that marine snow layers may represent regions of enhanced zooplankton foraging, providing insight into how these interactions can influence particle flux.
Author: Rainer Kiko
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889639827
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: S. A. Thorpe
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781139445795
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
The subject of ocean turbulence is in a state of discovery and development with many intellectual challenges. This book describes the principal dynamic processes that control the distribution of turbulence, its dissipation of kinetic energy and its effects on the dispersion of properties such as heat, salinity, and dissolved or suspended matter in the deep ocean, the shallow coastal and the continental shelf seas. It focuses on the measurement of turbulence, and the consequences of turbulent motion in the oceanic boundary layers at the sea surface and near the seabed. Processes are illustrated by examples of laboratory experiments and field observations. The Turbulent Ocean provides an excellent resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as an introduction and general overview for researchers. It will be of interest to all those involved in the study of fluid motion, in particular geophysical fluid mechanics, meteorology and the dynamics of lakes.
Author: Alec Setnor Bogdanoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Author: European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Author: Benjamin Michael Whitmore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Conventional sampling systems (nets, pumps, acoustics, and most optical imaging systems) are inadequate to study planktonic trophic interactions. However, Zooglider, a novel endurance zooplankton sensing glider, is shown here to be uniquely capable of resolving planktonic trophic interactions at 5 cm vertical resolution. In March 2017, Zooglider's optical (Zoocam) and acoustic backscatter (Zonar) systems were compared against conventional ship-based nets (MOCNESS) and acoustics (EK80). Zoocam observed similar abundances of robust organisms (chaetognaths, euphausiids, and nauplii) and greater abundances of both smaller and more delicate zooplankton. Compared to the MOCNESS, Zoocam observed significantly more smaller appendicularia and copepods, while simultaneously observing significantly more larger gelatinous predators (ctenophora and hydromedusae) and mineralized protists (foraminifera, phaeodaria, and mostly acantharia). Furthermore, Zoocam revealed in situ local maxima in organismal abundances that were not resolvable by the coarser net resolution. Zonar matched the relative distributions and magnitude of ship-based acoustics, without the disadvantage of reduced signal-to-noise ratios in deeper depths. From seven deployments spanning 15 months, Zooglider revealed the limitations of solely using chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Chl-a) as a proxy for herbivorous zooplankton prey. Zoocam observed that marine snow, small particles, and many zooplankton taxa, i.e., appendicularians, copepods, and large mineralized protists (primarily acantharia), have bilinear and nonlinear relationships with Chl-a concentrations. In most cases, zooplankton showed improved overlap with distributions of small suspended particles than with Chl-a. Furthermore, marine snow and small particles were determined to be the primary explanatory variables for zooplankton abundances, whereas Chl-a was either secondary or insignificant. No relationship was found between maximum water column stability and zooplankton or prey abundances. Zooglider also detected size-dependent zooplankton predator-prey interactions. Size-dependent vertical distributions were found for three prey taxa and five predatory taxa and differential size-dependent diel vertical migration behavior was detected for copepods and chaetognaths. Zoocam images showed in situ predator-prey encounters (co-occurrence of predator and prey within a 250 mL sample volume). Analysis of these encounters revealed that abundances of smaller predatory zooplankton (chaetognaths, ctenophores, siphonophores, and trachymedusae) have stronger relationships with abundances of smaller prey and that smaller predators have greater observed probabilities of encountering smaller prey.
Author: John M. Melack
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402005671
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Publications from 7th International Conference on Salt Lakes, held in Death Valley National Park, California, USA, September 1999
