Distribution and Establishment of Tamarix Spp. in the Tijuana River National Estuarine Reserve , San Diego, Ca PDF Download
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Author: Jessica Bray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author: Jessica Bray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author: Martin F. Quigley
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199898219
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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The invasive species Tamarix first attracted the public eye in the 1990's when it was suspected of contributing to widespread drought and wildfires in the Western United States. Once purported to consume as much water as entire cities, very few plant species have received as much scientific, public, and political discussion and debate as Tamarix. Written by 44 of the field's most prominent scholars and scientists, this volume compiles 25 essays on this fascinating species--its biology, ecology, politics, management, and the ethical issues involved with designating a particular species as "good" or "bad". The book analyzes the controversy surrounding the Tamarisk's role in our ecosystems and what should be done about it.
Author: Thomas William Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botany
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Author: Anna Sher
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780190267896
Category : Tamarisks
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Tighearnan G. Juarez Murphy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brazos River (Tex.)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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"Woody phreatophytes are some of the most impactful invasive species in the upper Brazos River (UBR), with saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) being of most concern. Since saltcedar's introduction to the eastern United States in the late 1800's, it quickly grew to become a nuisance. This invasive species alters instream sedimentation dynamics, channel and floodplain morphology, and riparian vegetation throughout the southwestern United States. The removal and eradication of this species is a multi-million dollar per year project. This thesis uses high-resolution imagery and object-based image classification methods to measure changes in saltcedar cover within the UBR relative to pre- and post-management efforts, over the period of 2017-2020, led by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. During the study period, analysis revealed an overall decrease in saltcedar, indicating that management efforts have been effective in decreasing the amount of healthy saltcedar that occur in the UBR." - P. xiii
Author: Leeland M. Murray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Tamarix spp., invasive riparian shrubs, are ecological and economic threats in the southwest as they displace native vegetation and necessitate costly management. Tamarix control typically consists of chemical and mechanical removal, but these methods can prove to have negative ecological and economic impacts. Tamarisk beetles (Diorhabda spp.), released for biocontrol are becoming increasingly established within Western river systems and can provide additional control. For Tamarix restoration, commercial mycorrhizae soil fungi inoculation has been recommended to improve restoration success, although inoculation treatments have rarely been tested on lesser-known facultative riparian species. The overall objectives of this project were to identify if integration of the biological control beetle can increase tamarisk stress and if a commercial mycorrhizal amendment can increase Baccharis salicafolia competitive success against Tamarix for restoration. A field experiment was conducted by testing the impacts of integrating mowing and foliar herbicide application with herbivory at standard and low herbicide rates at two field locations--a seasonally flooded and a dry site. Herbicide and mowing reduced transpiration rates and green foliage at both sites and was influenced by adult and larvae beetle numbers. In fall 2017, control treatments showed the highest green foliage recovery, while mowing and standard herbicide treatments all displayed severely reduced green foliage. A greenhouse experiment was performed with Baccharis salicafolia cuttings in soil collected from a Tamarix monoculture. Tamarix biomass negatively affected mule-fat biomass. Tamarix litter with the addition of the commercial inoculant increased mule-fat total biomass only at higher Tamarix stem densities. Total arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rates were generally high across treatments, but differences were observed within specific Tamarix stem densities (3, 4 stem pot-1), with litter increasing colonization. Results show that integration of conventional management methods with biological control can lead to increased stress. Further, results indicate that restoration of Tamarix monocultures with mule-fat may not require a commercial mycorrhizal inoculant to increase competitive ability against Tamarix. Both research outcomes will assist land managers in improving current management and restoration tactics within Tamarix monocultures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estuarine ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Author: Jessica Jurzenski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Invertebrate populations
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Author: Sarah M. Burnette
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saltcedar
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Chapter 1. We developed methods to measure juvenile growth rates of the spionid polychaete Polydora cornuta in nature. We transplanted and recovered small vials containing labeled individuals and measured each worm's body volume before and after worms spent a week in field sediments. We transplanted labeled individuals to three elevations on an intertidal sandflat in Oneonta Slough within the Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve: a high elevation 0.7 m above mean lower low water (MLLW), a mid elevation 0.4 m above MLLW, and a low elevation 0.1 m above MLLW. To include a range of environmental conditions, we performed two 7-d transplantations in July 2009 and two in November 2009. On average, we recovered one-third of the transplanted juveniles. Mean relative growth rates (RGR) declined significantly from 7.7 % d-1 at the low elevation to 2.4 % d-1at the high elevation. There was a positive correlation between RGR and the time each elevation was submerged, suggesting the decline in RGRs with increasing elevation was due to a reduction in the time available for suspension feeding. RGRs during one transplantation (12-19 November) were significantly slower than RGRs during the other three transplantations, especially at the high and mid elevations. Due to seasonality in the mixed semidiurnal tides, the 12-19 November period was the only transplantation that experienced lower low tides during the afternoon. The slower RGRs during this time of exposure to afternoon sunlight and temperatures suggest physiological stress may have contributed to reduced RGRs during this transplantation. Chapter 2. Sublethal predation can be a significant trophic pathway in sediment communities, and the regeneration of damaged tissue affects the activity, growth, and reproduction of prey. A field experiment was conducted 12-18 July 2010 in the Tijuana Estuary, California (+32.56617°, -117.13152°) to measure in-situ rates of body growth and palp regeneration of the polychaete Polydora cornuta after simulating sublethal predation by removing 2, 1, or 0 palps from labeled individuals. After 3 d in the field, individuals that had 2 palps removed grew significantly slower than worms that had 0 palps removed; 1-palp worms had intermediate growth. After 6 d in the field, rates of body growth were faster than those of worms recovered after 3 d, with similar trends among the three palp treatments. During the 3-d transplantation, removed palps regenerated to half the initial length of unmanipulated palps. After 6 d, palp lengths did not differ significantly among treatment groups, indicating complete regeneration. The regeneration rate of removed palps was significantly faster than the growth rate of undamaged palps, and palp-regeneration rate did not differ significantly between worms that had 1 or 2 palps removed. Chapter 3. Most spionid polychaetes are interface feeders that switch between suspension feeding in fast flows and deposit feeding in slow flows. Experiments in laboratory flumes show that growth rates of spionids increase with current speed and the flux of suspended food. These results have yet to be tested in the field where hydrodynamic conditions and other environmental variables are more complicated than in laboratory flumes. We constructed paired flow-manipulation channels (FMCs) that either increased or decreased the local velocities of the ambient tidal currents in Oneonta Slough, Tijuana Estuary. Paired FMCs were replicated in four trials that each lasted 4.3-9.0 days. During each trial, approximately 100 pre-measured Polydora cornuta were established in individually labeled vials that were transplanted into the subtidal sediment near the center of each FMC. At the end of each trial, recovered individuals were re-measured to calculate their relative growth rates. Acoustic dopler velocimitry (ADV) was used to measure 3-dimensional velocity and turbulence during ebb tide. On average, FMCs either increased ambient current velocity by 52% or decreased it by 45%. Calculations of turbulence (RMS) indicated that both types of FMC also altered turbulence relative to the ambient flow. In contrast to results from laboratory flumes, which were limited to velocities too slow to erode sediments, juvenile P. cornuta transplanted to FMCs that decreased the ambient velocity grew significantly faster than individuals transplanted to FMCs that increased the ambient velocity. We suspect the slower growth of P. cornuta in FMCs that increased ambient velocity was due to reduced particle capture during suspension feeding. Results of our field experiment suggest that P. cornuta grows fastest in intermediate flows, as shown for several bivalves and other suspension-feeding benthos.
