Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields PDF Download
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Author: A. Gyr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401585474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
In regions as densely populated as Western Europe, prediction of the ecological implications of pollutant transport are important in order to minimise damage in the case of accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of existing or planned sources. In most cases, such predictions depend on high-speed computation. The present textbook presents a mathematically explicit introduction in eight chapters: 1: An introduction to the basics of fluid dynamics of the atmosphere and the local events and mesoscale processes. 2: The types of PDEs describing atmospheric flows for limited area models, the problem of appropriate boundary conditions describing the topographical constraints, and well-posedness. 3: Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, dry and wet, its stability, and radiation processes, budgets and the influence of their sum. 4: Scaling and similarity laws for stable and convective turbulent atmospheric boundary layers and the influence of inhomogeneous terrain on the advection and the vertical dispersion, and the method of large eddy simulation. 5: Statistical processes in turbulent dispersion, turbulent diffusion and chemical reactions in fluxes. 6: Theoretical modelling of diffusion and dispersion of pollutant gases. 7: The influence of urban heat production on local climate. 8: Atmospheric inversion layers and lapping inversion, the stable boundary layer and nocturnal inversion.
Author: A. Gyr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401585474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Get Book
Book Description
In regions as densely populated as Western Europe, prediction of the ecological implications of pollutant transport are important in order to minimise damage in the case of accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of existing or planned sources. In most cases, such predictions depend on high-speed computation. The present textbook presents a mathematically explicit introduction in eight chapters: 1: An introduction to the basics of fluid dynamics of the atmosphere and the local events and mesoscale processes. 2: The types of PDEs describing atmospheric flows for limited area models, the problem of appropriate boundary conditions describing the topographical constraints, and well-posedness. 3: Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, dry and wet, its stability, and radiation processes, budgets and the influence of their sum. 4: Scaling and similarity laws for stable and convective turbulent atmospheric boundary layers and the influence of inhomogeneous terrain on the advection and the vertical dispersion, and the method of large eddy simulation. 5: Statistical processes in turbulent dispersion, turbulent diffusion and chemical reactions in fluxes. 6: Theoretical modelling of diffusion and dispersion of pollutant gases. 7: The influence of urban heat production on local climate. 8: Atmospheric inversion layers and lapping inversion, the stable boundary layer and nocturnal inversion.
Author: Zafer Boybeyi
Publisher: Computational Mechanics
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
The most serious problems to affect out atmospheric environment, such as urban air pollution, regional haze, acidic precipitation, and ozone depletion, occur over mesoscale travel distances and are consequently truly international in nature. In response to the increased awareness of these problems, many universities now offer interdisciplinary programmes in environmental science while many government and private organizations also support environmental projects. This study seeks to fulfil the need for a suitable text for graduate students working in the field. It consists of 13 chapters which review basic concepts, theories and modelling issues of pollutant dispersal in the atmosphere and related atmospheric systems affecting transport, transformation, and removal of air pollutants over mesoscale travel distances.
Author: Bruno Sportisse
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662049562
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
This book collates the written contributions of the Second Conference on Air Pollution Modelling and Simulation (APMS 2001). A wide range of current topics is covered, focusing on three challenging issues: (1) the modelling issue of complex, multiphase, atmospheric chemistry; (2) the numerical issue associated with comprehensive three-dimensional chemistry-transport models; and (3) the key issues of data assimilation and inverse modelling. State-of-the art research is presented with many operational procedures applied at either forecast agencies or companies.
Author: William Popendorf
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351238043
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Are you a practicing occupational hygienist wondering how to find a substitute organic solvent that is safer to use than the hazardous one your company is using? Chapter 6 is your resource. Are you a new hygienist looking for an alternative technology as a nonventilation substitute for an existing hazard? Chapter 8 is your resource. Are you looking for an overview of ventilation? Chapters 10 and 11 are your resource? Are you an industrial hygiene student wanting to learn about local exhaust ventilation? Chapters 13 through 16 are your resource. Are you needing to learn about personal protective equipment and respirators? Chapters 21 and 22 are your resources. This new edition brings all of these topics and more right up-to-date with new material in each chapter, including new governmental regulations. While many of the controls of airborne hazards have their origins in engineering, this author has been diligent in explaining concepts, writing equations in understandable terms, and covering the topics of non-ventilation controls, both local exhaust and general ventilation, and receiver controls at the level needed by most IHs without getting too advanced. Taken as a whole, this book provides a unique, comprehensive tool to learn the challenging yet rewarding role that industrial hygiene can play in controlling airborne chemical hazards at work. Most chapters contain a set of practice problems with the solutions available to instructors. Features Written for the novice industrial hygienist but useful to prepare for ABIH certification Explains engineering concepts but requires no prior engineering background Includes specific learning goals that differentiate the depth of learning appropriate to each topic within the fuller information and explanations provided for each chapter Contains updated governmental regulations and abundant references Presents a consistent teaching philosophy and approach throughout the book Deals with both ventilation and non-ventilation controls
Author: F Zeman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 085709646X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 773
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Book Description
Global populations have grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to ever increasing demands for shelter, resources, energy and utilities. Coupled with the worldwide need to achieve lower impact buildings and conservation of resources, the need to achieve sustainability in urban environments has never been more acute. This book critically reviews the fundamental issues and applied science, engineering and technology that will enable all cities to achieve a greater level of metropolitan sustainability, and assist nations in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations. Part one introduces key issues related to metropolitan sustainability, including the use of both urban metabolism and benefit cost analysis. Part two focuses on urban land use and the environmental impact of the built environment. The urban heat island effect, redevelopment of brownfield sites and urban agriculture are discussed in depth, before part three goes on to explore urban air pollution and emissions control. Urban water resources, reuse and management are explored in part four, followed by a study of urban energy supply and management in part five. Solar, wind and bioenergy, the role of waste-to-energy systems in the urban infrastructure, and smart energy for cities are investigated. Finally, part six considers sustainable urban development, transport and planning. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Metropolitan sustainability is an essential resource for low-impact building engineers, sustainability consultants and architects, town and city planners, local/municipal authorities, and national and non-governmental bodies, and provides a thorough overview for academics of all levels in this field. Critically reviews the fundamental issues and applied science, engineering and technology that will enable all cities to achieve a greater level of metropolitan sustainability Will assist nations in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations Chapters discuss urban land use, the environmental impact of the build environment, the urban heat island effect, urban air pollution and emissions control, among other topics
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080874678
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Atmospheric Pollution 1980
Author: Martin Beniston
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642587879
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This volume covers aspects of numerical modeling of the atmosphere and climate from the microscales of turbulence to the very large scales associated with climate and climatic change. Each of the three major spatio-temporal scales of the atmosphere, namely, the microscale, the mesoscale, and the macroscale is addressed through a hierarchy of models. Results of model simulations are illustrated throughout the text, with many of these examples based on the author's original research work. For each type of model discussed here, the theoretical background, including governing equation sets, simplifying assumptions, and advantages and limits of the models, is provided. The topic of coupled, or nested, modeling systems as a promising approach to air pllution embedded in regional atmospheric flows, as well as to the regional atmospheric response to global climate forcings, is also addressed. An attempt is made throughout the book to highlight the highly interdisciplinary nature of atmospheric modeling, particularly in those sections dealing with climatic change issues.
Author: J. Fenger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940159080X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
This European Community-initiated book presents an up-to-date account of the air pollution situation with special reference to European cities. Its structure follows by and large the logical chain of events in air pollution, from sources, through dispersion and deposition, to impacts.
Author: John R. Garratt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401709440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
The journal Boundary-Layer Meteorology was started in 1970 and has become the premier vehicle for the publication of research papers in its field. Dr R.E. Munn served as Editor-in-Chief until recently. The special 25th Anniversary volume, on which this book is based, was compiled from review and other articles solicited and selected as a `Festschrift' to honour Ted Munn's achievement as editor of the journal over that time. Articles by leading contributors to the field include reviews of field studies (Askervein, HEXOS, Cabauw) and their impacts; numerical modelling (large-eddy simulation of the surface layer, frontal structures); analyses and critical discussions (of the von Karman constant, bulk aerodynamic formulations, air-sea interaction, vegetation canopies); and reviews or previews of progress in our understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence simulation, Lagrangian descriptions of turbulent diffusion and remote sensing of the boundary layer. The collection provides an excellent perspective on the state of the subject and where it is headed. It should provide fascinating and stimulating reading for researchers and students of boundary-layer meteorology and related areas.
Author: Jean Demaison
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401008329
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
Many satellites have recently been launched or are in preparation, which operate in the microwave to IR ranges, the main objective being to observe the earth's atmosphere or interstellar clouds. Analysis of the data they supply requires extensive laboratory work because we still only have sufficiently accurate data (line positions, intensities, and profiles) for only a few species. Furthermore, the observer community is making increasing calls for laboratory data, as new development open up new observational possibilities (such as submillimeter observation). Research on these subjects involves many different areas of specialisation in fields of research that generate a wealth of data. In Spectroscopy from Space the people responsible for field observations explain which results they are expecting from their measurements and how laboratory people can help them to analyse their satellite data. Laboratory spectroscopists explain why what they can do now, and what kinds of experiment and theoretical development that might undertake to meet the needs of the remote sensing community. The problems of distributing reliable laboratory data in a timely way are also addressed.
