Development of Micro-spectroscopic Tools for Analysis of Environmental Interfaces PDF Download
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Author: Deborah Kim
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Interfacial chemistry is important in many key molecular processes that are critical to water quality and treatment and can also drive the fate and transport of chemical contaminants in the environment. There are three key constituents of these environmentally-relevant water systems that are well-known to interact with geochemical interfaces: organic matter, oxyanions, and biological components. Mineral surfaces in particular are extremely diverse in composition and structure; they can include iron oxides, clay minerals, and carbonates. Therefore, these different geochemical interfaces present a complex array of surface compositions and structures whereby surface catalyzed reactions can occur and potential byproducts can lead to chemical contaminants in the environment. Traditional IR spectroscopy has offered valuable information in understanding how environmental adsorbates interact with mineral surfaces. The reason for this is due to the inherent molecular-level information that can be obtained due to changes in the vibrational mode frequencies for adsorbed versus solution phase species. To date, there still remains a bit of uncertainty with how individual components interact both as isolated components and when co-adsorbed with other species and the degree to which there is heterogeneity within these systems. In this dissertation, micro-spectroscopic probes such as Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy and Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy are compared to more traditional infrared methods in order to provide insights and a different perspective on these interactions as they probe both morphology and spectral signals with submicron spatial resolution. Overall, these novel studies have shown that micro-spectroscopic probes offer new insights into the chemistry occurring on solid mineral surfaces in the environment and provide examples of how these techniques can be used in future work.
Author: Deborah Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Interfacial chemistry is important in many key molecular processes that are critical to water quality and treatment and can also drive the fate and transport of chemical contaminants in the environment. There are three key constituents of these environmentally-relevant water systems that are well-known to interact with geochemical interfaces: organic matter, oxyanions, and biological components. Mineral surfaces in particular are extremely diverse in composition and structure; they can include iron oxides, clay minerals, and carbonates. Therefore, these different geochemical interfaces present a complex array of surface compositions and structures whereby surface catalyzed reactions can occur and potential byproducts can lead to chemical contaminants in the environment. Traditional IR spectroscopy has offered valuable information in understanding how environmental adsorbates interact with mineral surfaces. The reason for this is due to the inherent molecular-level information that can be obtained due to changes in the vibrational mode frequencies for adsorbed versus solution phase species. To date, there still remains a bit of uncertainty with how individual components interact both as isolated components and when co-adsorbed with other species and the degree to which there is heterogeneity within these systems. In this dissertation, micro-spectroscopic probes such as Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy and Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy are compared to more traditional infrared methods in order to provide insights and a different perspective on these interactions as they probe both morphology and spectral signals with submicron spatial resolution. Overall, these novel studies have shown that micro-spectroscopic probes offer new insights into the chemistry occurring on solid mineral surfaces in the environment and provide examples of how these techniques can be used in future work.
Author: Joachim Hill
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
The technique of imaging spectrometry has now passed its infancy and entered a new phase of application-oriented research. Advanced sensor systems have become available for international research programmes, new imaging spectrometers are under development in several European countries or have already passed their acceptance tests, and first high spectral resolution imaging systems are already being operated by private industry. On a European level, the EARSEC programme of the Joint Research Centre has provided considerable financial investment for the development of an imaging spectrometer which covers the reflective and important parts of the emission spectrum, and the European Space Agency has initiated an important airborne remote sensing campaign in which imaging spectrometry will constitute one of the most important components. Progress has also been made in the development of data preprocessing methods, spectral signature modelling and semiempirical approaches to the retrieval of surface parameters. This volume presents the lectures of the second Eurocourse on imaging spectrometry which was held in November 1992 at the Joint Research Centre. The book completes the information on the principles of imaging spectrometry and, at the same time, emphasises the presentation of further application-oriented case studies. Selected topics include the assessment of terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation, agriculture, soil erosion and inland water quality). The contributions have been written by invited experts from universities and research institutes in Europe and the United States.
Author: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1162
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Author: Norbert Kockmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527675051
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 529
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Book Description
This edition of 'Micro Process Engineering' was originally published in the successful series 'Advanced Micro & Nanosystems'. Authors from leading industrial players and research institutions present a concise and didactical introduction to Micro Process Engineering, the combination of microtechnology and process engineering into a most promising and powerful tool for revolutionizing chemical processes and industrial mass production of bulk materials, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and many other products. The book takes the readers from the fundamentals of engineering methods, transport processes, and fluid dynamics to device conception, simulation and modelling, control interfaces and issues of modularity and compatibility. Fabrication strategies and techniques are examined next, focused on the fabrication of suitable microcomponents from various materials such as metals, polymers, silicon, ceramics and glass. The book concludes with actual applications and operational aspects of micro process systems, giving broad coverage to industrial efforts in America, Europe and Asia as well as laboratory equipment and education.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 776
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Author: Howard Mark
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128053305
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1090
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Book Description
Chemometrics in Spectroscopy, Second Edition, provides the reader with the methodology crucial to apply chemometrics to real world data. It allows scientists using spectroscopic instruments to find explanations and solutions to their problems when they are confronted with unexpected and unexplained results. Unlike other books on these topics, it explains the root causes of the phenomena that lead to these results. While books on NIR spectroscopy sometimes cover basic chemometrics, they do not mention many of the advanced topics this book discusses. In addition, traditional chemometrics books do not cover spectroscopy to the point of understanding the basis for the underlying phenomena. The second edition has been expanded with 50% more content covering advances in the field that have occurred in the last 10 years, including calibration transfer, units of measure in spectroscopy, principal components, clinical data reporting, classical least squares, regression models, spectral transfer, and more. Written in the column format of the authors’ online magazine Presents topical and important chapters for those involved in analysis work, both research and routine Focuses on practical issues in the implementation of chemometrics for NIR Spectroscopy Includes a companion website with 350 additional color figures that illustrate CLS concepts
Author: Electrochemical Society. Corrosion Division
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 9781566773119
Category : Corrosion and anti-corrosives
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 866
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Author: Paulette Spencer
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081003412
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Material-Tissue Interfacial Phenomena: Contributions from Dental and Craniofacial Reconstructions explores the material/tissue interfacial phenomena using dental and craniofacial reconstructions as a model system. As the mouth is a particularly caustic environment, the synthetic and/or bio-enabled materials used to repair damaged tissues and restore form, function, and esthetics to oral structures must resist a variety of physical, chemical, and mechanical challenges. These challenges are magnified at the interface between dissimilar structures such as the tooth/material interface. Interfacial reactions at the atomic, molecular, and nano-scales initiate the failure of materials used to repair, restore, and reconstruct dental and craniofacial tissues. Understanding the phenomena that lead to failure at the interface between dissimilar structures, such as synthetic materials and biologic tissues, is confounded by a variety of factors that are thoroughly discussed in this comprehensive book. - Provides a specific focus on the oral environment - Combines clinical views and basic science into a useful reference book - Presents comprehensive coverage of material-interfacial phenomena within the oral environment
