Development of Chemically Mutagenized Soybean Populations for Improving Soybean Seed Oil Content and Forward and Reverse Genetics Screening PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Development of Chemically Mutagenized Soybean Populations for Improving Soybean Seed Oil Content and Forward and Reverse Genetics Screening PDF full book. Access full book title Development of Chemically Mutagenized Soybean Populations for Improving Soybean Seed Oil Content and Forward and Reverse Genetics Screening by Alaa A. Alaswad. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Alaa A. Alaswad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybeans are among seeds the common plant foods that contains high protein contents and high oil. The protein provides about 35 to 38 percent of the seeds calories compared to around 20 to 30 percent in other legumes and many animal products. The quality of soy protein is notable and approaches the quality of meat and milk. Unlike many other good sources of protein, soybeans are low in saturated fat and are cholesterol-free. Its proteins provide all the important amino acids, most the amounts needed by humans (NSRL, 2010). As the most consumed vegetable oil in the world, soybean oil has been used substantially in the food industry (Soystats, 2010). Its utilization is determined by its fatty acid composition, with commodity soybean oil typically 13% palmatic acid (16:0), 4% stearic acid (18:0), 20% oleic acid (18:1), 55% linoleic acid (18:2), and 8% linolenic acid (18:3). The change of fatty acid profiles to improve soybean oil quality has been a long time goal of many researchers throughout the world. Biodiesel is an up and coming trend in energy production. Breeding effort can be undertaken in order to produce a higher energy profile soybean oil. Using ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis effects on DNA, significant changes to the genes and gene network underlying the protein and oil profile can be achieved. These changes are hard to accomplish using standard breeding techniques. In addition, high amount of linolenic and stearic acid are very important for fuel and biodiesel production, but are not good for food production due to the fact that such oil is oxidized easily and the food goes rancid quickly. However, soybean oil with elevated amount of oleic acid is desirable for food, because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of soybean oil compared to other oils. In order to improve the quality of soybean oil and processed foods, chemically mutagenized soybeans have been developed in this project. Seeds harvested from individual M3 and M4 plants (from 2 successive years 2012 and 2013) were analyzed for protein content, oil composition, and content. Moreover, seven phenotypic traits including oil analysis (stearic, palmitic, oleic, linolenic and linoleic), seed protein content, weight of the seeds (High yield), seeds color, stem length, germination rates, and branch architecture were collected and analyzed in this project of soybean `Forrest' mutagenized population. The result of this research showed that there were 25 significantly different lines (p
Author: Alaa A. Alaswad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybeans are among seeds the common plant foods that contains high protein contents and high oil. The protein provides about 35 to 38 percent of the seeds calories compared to around 20 to 30 percent in other legumes and many animal products. The quality of soy protein is notable and approaches the quality of meat and milk. Unlike many other good sources of protein, soybeans are low in saturated fat and are cholesterol-free. Its proteins provide all the important amino acids, most the amounts needed by humans (NSRL, 2010). As the most consumed vegetable oil in the world, soybean oil has been used substantially in the food industry (Soystats, 2010). Its utilization is determined by its fatty acid composition, with commodity soybean oil typically 13% palmatic acid (16:0), 4% stearic acid (18:0), 20% oleic acid (18:1), 55% linoleic acid (18:2), and 8% linolenic acid (18:3). The change of fatty acid profiles to improve soybean oil quality has been a long time goal of many researchers throughout the world. Biodiesel is an up and coming trend in energy production. Breeding effort can be undertaken in order to produce a higher energy profile soybean oil. Using ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis effects on DNA, significant changes to the genes and gene network underlying the protein and oil profile can be achieved. These changes are hard to accomplish using standard breeding techniques. In addition, high amount of linolenic and stearic acid are very important for fuel and biodiesel production, but are not good for food production due to the fact that such oil is oxidized easily and the food goes rancid quickly. However, soybean oil with elevated amount of oleic acid is desirable for food, because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of soybean oil compared to other oils. In order to improve the quality of soybean oil and processed foods, chemically mutagenized soybeans have been developed in this project. Seeds harvested from individual M3 and M4 plants (from 2 successive years 2012 and 2013) were analyzed for protein content, oil composition, and content. Moreover, seven phenotypic traits including oil analysis (stearic, palmitic, oleic, linolenic and linoleic), seed protein content, weight of the seeds (High yield), seeds color, stem length, germination rates, and branch architecture were collected and analyzed in this project of soybean `Forrest' mutagenized population. The result of this research showed that there were 25 significantly different lines (p
Author: En Huang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybean is one of the most economically important crop species in the world. Allelic series that increase genetic variability are very important resources for crop improvement and gene function studies by reverse genetics. Moreover, mutant varieties are not required to comply with the international Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) regulations, which makes them more acceptable to consumers. Two chemical mutagenized soybean populations of approximately 2,260 and 2,450 M2 families from cultivars 'Forrest' and 'Williams 82' were successfully developed in 2007-2008. A large number of visible morphological phenotypes were identified in these mutagenized populations, such as albinism, abnormal leaflets and black seed coats, which suggested the success of generating genetic variability by mutagenesis. Additionally, a database was established consisting of the pictures of each plant at maturity, some of the morphological and yield characteristics of each plant. Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) was used to identify the induced mutations in this project.
Author: Zhou Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), an obligate sedentary endoparasite, is the most economically destructive pathogen in soybean production and causes over $1 billion in annual losses in the United States. Planting resistant cultivars is the primary management method to control SCN for the long-term purpose, but the nature of genetic resistance is little known. The Rhg1 (Resistance to H. glycines ) locus on chromosome 18 is found as a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that contributes resistance to SCN. The chemical mutagen ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) can be utilized to induce genetic mutations in soybean populations, which screened by an efficient reverse genetic strategy known as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) for functional gene analyses. The objective of this study was to analyze the function of SNAP gene ( Glyma18g02590 ) at rhg1 allele from `Forrest' (`Peking'-derived SCN resistant cultivar) using TILLING. Soybean cultivar `Forrest' seeds were mutagenized with EMS and grown to generate M1 plants. M1 plants were self-pollinated to produce approximately 3000 M2 plants. Genomic DNAs were extracted from young leaves of individual M2 plants and quantified to normalize concentration of DNAs. The DNA samples were then pooled eight-fold in 96-well plates for mutations screening by TILLING. Moreover, 12 phenotypic traits including chlorophyll deficiency, leaf shape, branch architecture, seed color, seed weight, fatty acid phenotype were identified in the mutagenized population, analyzed and archived in this study.
Author: Zhou Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Functional genomics
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the world's most widely grown protein/oilseed crop and provides about 70% of global protein meal and 53% of vegetable oil in the United States. Soybean seed oil contains five major fatty acids, from which palmitic acid and stearic acid are two saturated fatty acids, oleic acid improves oxidative stability and linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid for human health. Soybean seed protein and oil are two important quality indices for soybean germplasm breeding. Soluble carbohydrates present in soybean meal provide metabolizable energy in livestock feed. To develop soybean germplasm with improved seed composition traits, it is important to discover novel source of seed fatty acid, protein, and carbohydrates traits. This dissertation aims to develop novel functional genomic technology coupled with an integrated approach for facilitating molecular soybean breeding. In this study, the first objective is to develop a high-throughput TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) by Target Capture Sequencing (TbyTCS) technology to improve the efficiency of discovering mutations in soybean. The robustness of this technology underlies the high yield of true mutations in genes controlling complex traits in soybean. Soybean mutagenized lines with modified fatty acids composition have been successfully developed to meet the different needs of end users. Altered fatty acids phenotypes have been associated with induced mutations in 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase II (GmKASII), Delta-9-stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (GmSACPD), omega-6 fatty acid desaturase 2 (GmFAD2), and omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (GmFAD3) genes identified through TbyTCS. The second objective is to characterize the soybean acyl-ACP thioesterase gene family through a comprehensive analysis. The additional members have been discovered belonging to 16:0-ACP fatty acid thioesterase (GmFATB) gene family. The mutations at oleoyl-ACP fatty acid thioesterase (GmFATA1A) have been revealed to result in the high seed oleic acid content. The novel alleles of GmFATB genes have also been identified to confer low palmitic acid and high oleic acid phenotypes in soybean seeds. The third objective is to assess the phenotypic variations and correlation among seed composition traits in mutagenized soybean populations. Correlation analyses have been conducted among soybean carbohydrates, protein, and oil content of soybean mutagenized populations and germplasm lines. Chemical mutagenesis played an essential role in soybean breeding to generate novel and desired seed composition traits.
Author: Joshua Gunther
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical mutagenesis
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are the most important crop that provides a sustainable source of oil and protein worldwide. Five major fatty acids are known, Palmetic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic acid, and each is essential for both nutrition and biodiesel. Oil demand for biodiesel production is constantly on the rise both because of high crude oil prices and because of the search for a sustainable fuel source. In biodiesel production a high level of Oleic Acid is ideal. Commodity soybean oil usually contains around 20% oleic acid. The objective of this research is to increase the Oleic acid content to increase the quantity of biodiesel that can be produced from one bushel of soybeans. With the process of chemical mutagenesis using Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS), soybean populations can be produced with varying fatty acid levels. Once these populations are isolated and tested they can be bred into a new cultivar with higher percentages of Oleic acid and grown on a large scale for biodiesel production. From the ‘Forrest’ cultivar that was used in the chemical mutagenesis process, there was one mutant line (FM3 2014-2031) that produced 43.26% Oleic Acid. This was almost twice the concentration of the Forrest wild type that was used as a control which had an Oleic Acid concentration of 23.17%.
Author: Meng Jiang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832533140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Felipe Lopes da Silva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319574337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book was written by soybean experts to cluster in a single publication the most relevant and modern topics in soybean breeding. It is geared mainly to students and soybean breeders around the world. It is unique since it presents the challenges and opportunities faced by soybean breeders outside the temperate world.
Author: Guenter Kahl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527622551
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 576
Get Book Here
Book Description
In this incisive, concise overview of this booming field, the editors -- two of the leading figures in the field with a proven track record -- combine their expertise to provide an invaluable reference on the topic. Following a treatment of transcriptome analysis, the book goes on to discuss replacement and mutation analysis, gene silencing and computational analysis. The whole is rounded off with a look at emerging technologies. Each chapter is accompanied by a concise overview, helping readers to quickly identify topics of interest, while important, carefully selected words and concepts are explained in a handy glossary. Equally accessible to both experienced scientists and newcomers to the field.
Author: Joanna Jankowicz-Cieslak
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319450212
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 343
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book offers 19 detailed protocols on the use of induced mutations in crop breeding and functional genomics studies, which cover topics including chemical and physical mutagenesis, phenotypic screening methods, traditional TILLING and TILLING by sequencing, doubled haploidy, targeted genome editing, and low-cost methods for the molecular characterization of mutant plants that are suitable for laboratories in developing countries. The collection of protocols equips users with the techniques they need in order to start a program on mutation breeding or functional genomics using both forward and reverse-genetic approaches. Methods are provided for seed and vegetatively propagated crops (e.g. banana, barley, cassava, jatropha, rice) and can be adapted for use in other species.
Author: Q. Y. Shu
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780640854
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 612
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: This book presents contemporary information on mutagenesis in plants and its applications in plant breeding and research. The topics are classified into sections focusing on the concepts, historical development and genetic basis of plant mutation breeding (chapters 1-6); mutagens and induced mutagenesis (chapters 7-13); mutation induction and mutant development (chapters 14-23); mutation breeding (chapters 24-34); or mutations in functional genomics (chapters 35-41). This book is an essential reference for those who are conducting research on mutagenesis as an approach to improving or modifying a trait, or achieving basic understanding of a pathway for a trait --.
