Development of an in Vitro Model for the Study of Tumor Cell Invasion Into the Urinary Bladder PDF Download
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Author: Marc Craig Brande
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Marc Craig Brande
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Jorgen Fogh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475716478
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
The study of cultured human tumor cells is a most obvious approach in experimental human cancer research. For many techniques in virology, immunology, biochemistry, and biophysics, for example, large amounts of cells may be required and such quantities are usually provided only when the cultures develop into established cell lines; when this happens, thorough characterization also becomes possible. The development of cell lines, therefore, is of prime importance. Recent major advances in research with animal cell systems see m to be a prologue for present and future efforts directed toward work with human tumor cells in culture. Conceivably, the most significant results in cancer research may develop from work with such cells, and so the time seemed right to define the present state of our knowledge. This is the first book dedicated exclusively to the subject: human tumor cells in vitro. Although so me of the fundamental aspects in the cultivation of human tumor ceIls, and the extent to which they represent human cancer in vivo are still unclear, I asked a number of the leading investigators in this area of research to collect and evaluate previous and present contributions, and to offer their thoughts on the questions to which answers are not yet available. Many of the chapters are concerned with techniques of cultivation. Cultures from some types of tumors have grown weIl; in many cases they have given rise to established cell lines.
Author: Sarah Mansfield Bushman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breast
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In the United States alone 1 in 5 women will develop metastatic breast cancer. Five year survival rates show only a 26.3% survival for stage distant and metastatic stage cancer patients [1]. As a result there is a need to develop effective and personalized treatments. Unfortunately the development of novel treatments has been hindered by the lack of sufficient in vitro models which accurately represent and measure dynamic components of the tumor microenvironment. This thesis will discuss the development and characterization of two novel measurement and modeling techniques aimed at more accurately studying changes within the local tumor microenvironment. The technologies include: 1) a microfluidic device capable of recapitulating aspects of the tumor microenvironment and 2) a scaffolded DNA origami structure capable of measuring changes within a three dimensional biological gel. Current standards for measuring cellular invasion lack the ability to form stable gradients or model interstitial flow within a system. In this study a microfluidic devices was developed and characterized which allows visualization of cancer cell invasion into a three dimensional collagen matrix. Device applications include the effect of CXCL-12 isoforms on cancer cell invasion, determining how induced electric fields effect cancer cell invasion, and determining how a co-culture between cancer cells and fibroblasts affect cellular invasion. While determining which factors affect cellular invasion is an important metric for measuring metastatic potential, another very important consideration is assessing the alterations to the extracellular matrix. The tumor stroma, which is largely comprised of the extracellular matrix and stromal cells, has been shown to play an important role in metastasis and tumor progression. Unfortunately methods to study the stroma are typically low throughput, expensive, end point assays. As a result, there is a need to develop a broad scale device capable of dynamically measuring extracellular matrix properties. Mike Hudoba had previously created a DNA origami device capable of measuring forces using FRET based technology. This thesis will also focus on characterizing the device to be able to measure properties of the extracellular matrix.
Author: Shay Soker
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 3319605119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Author: Alecsandru Ioan Baba
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789732714577
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 787
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cancer cells
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Author: Aereas Aung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
In the United States, cancer is the second leading cause of death only to be surpassed by heart diseases (1). Within 2016, an estimated 1.6 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and approximately 0.6 million individuals will die from this disease (1). The survival rate of individuals afflicted with cancer have increased over the years due to early detection and increased fundamental understanding of this disease. However, the complex nature of cancer exceeds the current capacity to recapitulate its features in vitro. Additionally, the animal models that have been relied upon within the field of oncology may not be translatable to the human counterpart (2-5). In this dissertation, I have created novel in vitro technological platforms focusing on specific aspects of cancer progression to identify the underlying biological phenomena and recapitulate the physiological cancer microenvironment to provide better alternatives for cancer drug screening. Chapter 1 is a literature review focusing on cancer cell migration during metastasis and in vitro platforms used to model the cancer microenvironment. Specifically, I have focused on the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) network on modulating the protease dependent or independent mode of migration during cancer metastasis. In vitro systems used to study cancer cell metastasis within 3D matrices are also briefly reviewed. Next, I have described the use of organ-on-a-chip technology as the next generation platforms towards creating low cost, efficient, and realistic tumor models for screening of oncologic drugs. Lastly, I have summarized the emergence of a potent cancer treatment, immunotherapy, and its mechanism through the immune cells within the tumor environment are activated to eliminate cancer. Furthermore, I have discussed the crucial role of cytotoxic T-cells in immunotherapies and the means by which they are recruited to the tumor stroma. Studies have implicated the physical cues of the cancer microenvironment in modulating the particular mode of migration. In Chapter 2, I have investigated how these various cues activate an intracellular "trigger" to dictate a cell's mode of invasion. I have developed a novel single cell invasion assay to quantitatively investigate the interplay between cell generated traction forces and protease activity during cancer cell invasion into basement membrane-like extracellular matrix (ECM) network. Within these studies, I observed the translocation of a crucial membrane bound protease, MT1-MMP, from the cytoplasm to the cell surface to degrade the surrounding ECM network. Chapter 3 further investigates the transport pathway through which this translocation occurs. The results from this study implicate a regulated secretory pathway known as CARTS that is necessary for MT1-MMP transport and the protease dependent invasion of cancer cells into an ECM network. In addition to understanding cancer cell metastasis, I next shifted my research focus towards recreating the cancer microenvironment to test the efficacy of cancer drugs. Chapter 4 describes the development a state-of-the-art 3D tumor-on-a-chip platform containing cancer and endothelial cells to assess the penetration and efficacy of cancer drugs. Here, I have used a morphogen gradient to induce the self-assembly of an endothelial and cancer cell mixture resulting in a tumor mass enveloped by a vascular barrier. The drug screening capacity of this system was assessed using doxorubicin as a model drug. Current immunotherapies rely on the presence of cytotoxic T-cells within the tumor microenvironment to eliminate cancer cells. In Chapter 5, I have adapted the tumor-on-a-chip device to incorporate immune cells to recapitulate cancer-immune interactions and investigate its effect of recruitment of T-cells into the engineered microenvironment. In the last chapter, I have discussed the future directions in which these platforms can be directed towards to better understand cancer-immune interactions and improve future immunotherapies.
Author: Kitty Verhoeckx
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319161040
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
“Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.
Author: Rahul Jandial
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781587066597
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.
Author: Weinberg, Robert A.
Publisher: W.W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 0815345283
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Incorporating the most important advances in the fast-growing field of cancer biology, the text maintains all of its hallmark features. It is admired by students, instructors, researchers, and clinicians around the world for its clear writing, extensive full-color art program, and numerous pedagogical features.
