Development of an Adsorbent for Carbon Dioxide Based on Amine-impregnated Porous Supports PDF Download
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Author: Robert S. Franchi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Carbon dioxide is a ubiquitous species that has received much attention particularly because of its greenhouse gas effect. Whether because of environmental constraints or technical reasons, various industries are faced with the task of removing CO2 from gas mixtures containing a wide range of species in different concentrations. The most commonly employed technologies for this separation are gas-liquid absorption with aqueous solutions of alkanolamines and gas-solid adsorption with zeolites. To benefit from the advantages of each of these separation technologies, a porous solid support was impregnated with an alkanolamine to develop a high capacity, water tolerant adsorbent for CO2. During the course of the developmental study, several amines were considered for impregnation, and it was decided to use diethanolamine (DEA) for further studies. Supports that were examined were activated carbon, silica gel, MCM-41 and pore-expanded MCM-41 (PE-MCM-41) silicas. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author: Robert S. Franchi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Carbon dioxide is a ubiquitous species that has received much attention particularly because of its greenhouse gas effect. Whether because of environmental constraints or technical reasons, various industries are faced with the task of removing CO2 from gas mixtures containing a wide range of species in different concentrations. The most commonly employed technologies for this separation are gas-liquid absorption with aqueous solutions of alkanolamines and gas-solid adsorption with zeolites. To benefit from the advantages of each of these separation technologies, a porous solid support was impregnated with an alkanolamine to develop a high capacity, water tolerant adsorbent for CO2. During the course of the developmental study, several amines were considered for impregnation, and it was decided to use diethanolamine (DEA) for further studies. Supports that were examined were activated carbon, silica gel, MCM-41 and pore-expanded MCM-41 (PE-MCM-41) silicas. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author: Hui Jiang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amines
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Amine-functionalized solid adsorbents have gained attention within the last decade for their application in carbon dioxide capture, due to their many advantages such as low energy cost for regeneration, tunable structure, elimination of corrosion problems, and additional advantages. However, one of the challenges facing this technology is to accomplish both high CO2 capture capacity along with high CO2 diffusion rates concurrently. Current amine-based solid sorbents such as porous materials similar to SBA-15 have large pores diffusion entering molecules; however, the pores become clogged upon amine inclusion. To meet this challenge, our group's solution involves the creation of a new type of material which we are calling-amino-pillared nanosheet (APN) adsorbents which are generated from layered nanosheet precursors. These materials are being proposed because of their unique lamellar structure which exhibits ability to be modified by organic or inorganic pillars through consecutive swelling and pillaring steps to form large mesoporous interlayer spaces. After the expansion of the layer space through swelling and pillaring, the large pore space can be functionalized with amine groups. This selective functionalization is possible by the choice of amine group introduced. Our choice, large amine molecules, do not access the micropore within each layer; however, either physically or chemically immobilized onto the surface of the mesoporous interlayer space between each layer. The final goal of the research is to investigate the ability to prepare APN adsorbents from a model nanoporous layered materials including nanosheets precursor material MCM-22(P) and nanoporous layered silicate material AMH-3. MCM-22(P) contains 2-dimensional porous channels, 6 membered rings (MB) openings perpendicular to the layers and 10 MB channels in the plane of the layers.1 However, the transport limiting openings (6 MB) to the layers is smaller than CO2 gas molecules.2,3 In contrast, AMH-3 has 3D microporous layers with 8 MB openings in the plane of the layers, as well as perpendicular to the layers, which are larger than CO2 molecules. Based on the structure differences between nanosheets precursor material MCM-22(P) and nanoporous layered silicate material AMH-3, the latter might be more suitable for CO2 capturer application as an APN candidate material. However, none of the assumptions above have been approved experimentally. In this study, the influence of the amine loading on adsorption capacity and kinetics of adsorption for the mixed porosity material pillared MCM-22 (P) (also called MCM-36) is studied systematically, in order to determine a potential route to achieve a final material with both high amine loading and high adsorption capacity. We first synthesized MCM-22(P), followed by swelling and pillaring to create MCM-36. Polymeric amines such as polyethylenimine (PEI) are used as an organic component of the supported amine adsorbents, with varying polymer loadings within the adsorbents used. The kinetics and diffusion properties of carbon dioxide capture on a MCM-36 pillared material impregnated with amine containing Polyethylenimine polymers has been investigated. It was determined that the introduction of amine polymer cannot be used to improve the capture capacity of the support over that of the bare material, due to the fact that with the addition of a high loading of amine polymer the large pore diffusion channels become impossible for carbon dioxide molecules to diffuse through. This sets an upper limit to the capture capacity of polymer impregnated MCM-36 for carbon dioxide which does not surpass that for the initial bare material, and greatly reduces the utility of using this sort of amine-solid adsorbent for carbon capture plans in the future.
Author: Shin-ichi Nakao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030188582
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
This book summarises the advanced CO2 capture technologies that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially those from large-scale sources, such as power-generation and steel-making plants. Focusing on the fundamental chemistry and chemical processes, as well as advanced technologies, including absorption and adsorption, it also discusses other aspects of the major CO2 capture methods: membrane separation; the basic chemistry and process for CO2 capture; the development of materials and processes; and practical applications, based on the authors’ R&D experience. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for researchers, teachers and students interested in CO2 problems, providing essential information on how to capture CO2 from various types of gases efficiently. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as it discusses the performance of the latest technologies applied in large-scale emission sources.
Author: Peter Harlick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The objective of this work was to evaluate the fundamentals of the currently available CO2 separation technologies and provide a solution for the efficient capture of carbon dioxide from various point source emitting industries. In order to realize a robust approach to advancing the solution to this global issue, the versatility of the process to the range of compounds contained within the stream(s) to be processed must be maintained. It is clear that adsorption, membrane, and aqueous amine based processes are all capable. However, only aqueous amine scrubbing appears economically viable at the current stage of development. In order to challenge this, and potentially drive the separation costs lower, this work centered on hybridizing aqueous amine chemistry and dry adsorption based separations to produce a novel nano-porous material capable of efficient removal of CO2 from flue gas (5% CO2 balance N2 with moisture). In order to combine aqueous amine scrubbing with dry adsorption, a few approaches were considered and evaluated. These included, amine impregnation within the vast pore volume of PE-MCM-41, surface grafting of various amino silane compounds, and finally, a novel approach of volume based amine functionalization (3D grafting). Application of pore-expanded MCM-41 (PE-MCM-41) mesoporous silica coated with 3-[2-(2-aminoethyl-amino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane (TRI) has been extensively examined for the adsorption of CO2 from N2. A systematic study of the amine loading as a function of the relative amounts of TRI and water used during the grafting procedure, and the temperature of the grafting reaction was carried out. Extremely high levels of active amine content were achieved using prehydrated silica surfaces at grafting temperatures below reflux in order to facilitate thermally controlled water-aided surface polymerization of the aminosilanes. Abstract iii The CO2 adsorption capacities and rates were determined for all materials as a function of the amount of TRI and water per gram of support added to the grafting mixture. The optimal TRI grafted PE-MCM-41 adsorbent exhibited a 2.65 mmol/g adsorption capacity at 25 °C and 1.0 atm for a dry 5% CO2 in N2 feed mixture, which exceeded all literature reported values, for both meso- and microporous materials under the conditions used in this study. Further, the apparent adsorption and desorption rates with the amine functionalized materials were exceedingly high. When considering the grafted amine quantity, the adsorption capacity and rate were found to be mutually dependent on each other, exhibiting an apparent optimal combination. In comparison to zeolite 13X, the optimally loaded TRI-PE-MCM-41 was far superior in terms of dynamic adsorption and desorption performance. These results were further enhanced when the adsorbents were challenged with a humid stream of 5% CO2/N2. The TRIPE-MCM-41 exhibited a 10% increase in CO2 adsorption capacity, whereas the 13X zeolite did not retain any significant CO2 adsorption capacity. The novel concept of an internally variably staged permeator was introduced. A theoretical model was developed and used as the basis for simulation studies. The advantage of the internal variably staged design was shown to permit a very high extent of separation similar to a two stage permeator for purity, while maintaining similar flux rates as per a single stage permeator. This IVSP concept has also taken existing membrane materials and mechanically translated their process performance to a higher level. As such, the unit should prove effective for front end process stream cleanup requirements prior to an adsorption process with the novel TRI-PE-MCM-41 nano-porous adsorbent.
Author: De-en Jiang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119091179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Covers a wide range of advanced materials and technologies for CO2 capture As a frontier research area, carbon capture has been a major driving force behind many materials technologies. This book highlights the current state-of-the-art in materials for carbon capture, providing a comprehensive understanding of separations ranging from solid sorbents to liquid sorbents and membranes. Filled with diverse and unconventional topics throughout, it seeks to inspire students, as well as experts, to go beyond the novel materials highlighted and develop new materials with enhanced separations properties. Edited by leading authorities in the field, Materials for Carbon Capture offers in-depth chapters covering: CO2 Capture and Separation of Metal-Organic Frameworks; Porous Carbon Materials: Designed Synthesis and CO2 Capture; Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture; and Virtual Screening of Materials for Carbon Capture. Other chapters look at Ultrathin Membranes for Gas Separation; Polymeric Membranes; Carbon Membranes for CO2 Separation; and Composite Materials for Carbon Captures. The book finishes with sections on Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers for Carbon Capture and Ionic Liquids for Chemisorption of CO2 and Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes. A comprehensive overview and survey of the present status of materials and technologies for carbon capture Covers materials synthesis, gas separations, membrane fabrication, and CO2 removal to highlight recent progress in the materials and chemistry aspects of carbon capture Allows the reader to better understand the challenges and opportunities in carbon capture Edited by leading experts working on materials and membranes for carbon separation and capture Materials for Carbon Capture is an excellent book for advanced students of chemistry, materials science, chemical and energy engineering, and early career scientists who are interested in carbon capture. It will also be of great benefit to researchers in academia, national labs, research institutes, and industry working in the field of gas separations and carbon capture.
Author: Wei-Yin Chen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781441979926
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2130
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Book Description
There is a mounting consensus that human behavior is changing the global climate and its consequence could be catastrophic. Reducing the 24 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources is a gigantic task involving both technological challenges and monumental financial and societal costs. The pursuit of sustainable energy resources, environment, and economy has become a complex issue of global scale that affects the daily life of every citizen of the world. The present mitigation activities range from energy conservation, carbon-neutral energy conversions, carbon advanced combustion process that produce no greenhouse gases and that enable carbon capture and sequestion, to other advanced technologies. From its causes and impacts to its solutions, the issues surrounding climate change involve multidisciplinary science and technology. This handbook will provide a single source of this information. The book will be divided into the following sections: Scientific Evidence of Climate Change and Societal Issues, Impacts of Climate Change, Energy Conservation, Alternative Energies, Advanced Combustion, Advanced Technologies, and Education and Outreach.
Author: John W. Patrick
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Porosity in carbons often means different things to different people depending largely on the different applications of the various carbon materials. On the one hand, users involved in gas purification or respiratory protection are concerned primarily with microporosity, and at the other extreme, the user of carbon in the form of metallurgical coke is concerned with macroporosity because of its influence on the mechanical properties of the coke. Between these extremes there is a range of applications which rely on different aspects of the nature of the porous structure and the characterization required reflects the particular application in mind. This characterization of a wide diversity of porous structures presents some problems. However recent developments have produced some solutions, for example computerized image analysis has facilitated the measurement of pore shape and size. The eleven chapters in this book present an analysis of the current methods of characterization and the role of various aspects of carbon porosity in some representative and diverse applications.
Author: Feiyu Kang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128221534
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 874
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Book Description
Carbon materials form pores ranging in size and morphology, from micropores of less than 1nm, to macropores of more than 50nm, and from channel-like spaces with homogenous diameters in carbon nanotubes, to round spaces in various fullerene cages, including irregularly-shaped pores in polycrystalline carbon materials. The large quantity and rapid rate of absorption of various molecules made possible by these attributes of carbon materials are now used in the storage of foreign atoms and ions for energy storage, conversion and adsorption, and for environmental remediation. Porous Carbons: Syntheses and Applications focuses on the fabrication and application of porous carbons. It considers fabrication at three scales: micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Carbon foams, sponges, and 3D-structured carbons are detailed. The title presents applications in four key areas: energy storage, energy conversion, energy adsorption, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells and environmental remediation, emphasizing the importance of pore structures at the three scales, and the diffusion and storage of various ions and molecules. The book presents a short history of each technique and material, and assesses advantages and disadvantages. This focused book provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of both pioneering and current synthesis techniques for porous carbons, and their modern applications. - Presents modern porous carbon synthesis techniques and modern applications of porous carbons - Presents current research on porous carbons in energy storage, conversion and adsorption, and in environmental remediation - Provides a history and assessment of both pioneering and current cutting-edge synthesis techniques and materials - Covers a significant range of precursor materials, preparation techniques, and characteristics - Considers the future development of porous carbons and their various potential applications
Author: Michele Aresta
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030158683
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
This book is devoted to CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) from a green, biotechnological and economic perspective, and presents the potential of, and the bottlenecks and breakthroughs in converting a stable molecule such as CO2 into specialty chemicals and materials or energy-rich compounds. The use of renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal, hydro) and non-fossil hydrogen is a must for converting large volumes of CO2 into energy products, and as such, the authors explore and compare the availability of hydrogen from water using these sources with that using oil or methane. Divided into 13 chapters, the book offers an analysis of the conditions under which CO2 utilization is possible, and discusses CO2 capture from concentrated sources and the atmosphere. It also analyzes the technological (non-chemical) uses of CO2, carbonation of basic minerals and industrial sludge, and the microbial-catalytic-electrochemical-photoelectrochemical-plasma conversion of CO2 into chemicals and energy products. Further, the book provides examples of advanced bioelectrochemical syntheses and RuBisCO engineering, as well as a techno-energetic and economic analysis of CCU. Written by leading international experts, this book offers a unique perspective on the potential of the various technologies discussed, and a vision for a sustainable future. Intended for graduates with a good understanding of chemistry, catalysis, biotechnology, electrochemistry and photochemistry, it particularly appeals to researchers (in academia and industry) and university teachers.
Author: J. D. Seader
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119638631
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
Covers the key topics in computer organization and embedded systems. This title presents hardware design principles and shows how hardware design is influenced by the requirements of software. It explains the main principles supported by examples drawn from commercially available processors.
