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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462576735
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462576735
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Author: J.H. Reith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Large-scale CO2 abatement is a very important issue in our society. Many options are open to reach this goal including the bioconversion of biomass into either energy carriers or bulk chemicals. In this respect, bioethanol and lactic acid are excellent candidates as liquid fuel and bulk chemical, respectively. As for the biomass to be used as feedstock, potential interference with human consumption should be avoided. Hence, lignocellulosic biomass is the preferred option for future large scale processes. Bioethanol can be applied directly or in the form of ETBE in blends with petrol; lactic acid is a renewable alternative for petrochemical solvents and for production of polylactic acid (PLA) to replace petrochemical packaging materials and other synthetic materials. The preparation of fermentable sugars from lignocellulose is a major challenge for both bioethanol and lactic acid production and requires integral optimization of the trajectory from feedstock through fermentation to product recovery. The above issues have been addressed in the Netherlands in a 4.5-year R&D project (2002-2006) by a consortium of industries and R&D institutes in the framework of the EET-program. The overall project objective was to develop and evaluate technologies for the use of lignocellulose as feedstock for bioethanol and lactic acid production. Wheat straw was selected as the model feedstock. The work has demonstrated the feasibility of producing either bioethanol or lactic acid from wheat straw. This statement holds both for the technological aspects, for the economics of the processes, and for their ecological impacts. These results have been laid down in detail in this report. It is recommended to continue research and development activities within The Netherlands in the area of the bioproduction of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. The field presents interesting opportunities in fighting human-related CO2 production and it furthermore is situated at the forefront of scientific developments.
Author: Yixing Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Lactic acid is an important platform chemical that has long history and wide applications in food, polymer, pharmaceutics and cosmetic industries. Lactic acid has two optical isomers; namely D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid. Racemic mixture of lactic acid are usually used as preservatives and ingredients in solvents, or as precursors for different chemicals. Currently there is an increasing demand of optical pure lactic acid as a feedstock for the production of poly-lactic acid (PLA). PLA is a biodegradable, biocompatible and environmental friendly alternative to plastics derived from petroleum based chemicals. Optically pure D or L-lactic acid is used for the synthesis of poly D or L- lactic acid (PDLA, PLLA). Blend of PDLA with PLLA results in a heat-resistant stereocomplex PLA with excellent properties. As a consequence, large quantity of cost effective D-lactic acid is required to meet the demand of stereocomplex PLA. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for lactic acid production because of its availability, sustainability and cost effectiveness compared to refined sugars and cereal grain-based sugars. Commercial use of lignocellulosic biomass for economic production of lactic acid requires microorganisms that are capable of using all sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to produce high level of optically pure D-lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass-derived sugars using a homofermentative strain L. delbrueckii via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF); 2) to develop a co-culture fermentation system to produce lactic acid from both pentose and hexose sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass; 3) to produce D-lactic acid by genetically engineered L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 [delta]ldhL1 and its derivatives; 4) to construct recombinant L. plantarum by introduction of a plasmid (pLEM415-xylAB) used for xylose assimilation and evaluate its ability to produce D-lactic acid from biomass sugars; and 5) to perform metabolic flux analysis of carbon flow in Lactobacillus strains used in our study. Our results showed that D-lactic acid yield from alkali-treated corn stover by L. delbrueckii and L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 [delta]ldhL1 via SSF were 0.50 g gā1 and 0.53 g gā1 respectively; however, these two D-lactic acid producing strains cannot use xylose from hemicellulose. Complete sugar utilization was achieved by co-cultivation of L. plantarum ATCC 21028 and L. brevis ATCC 367, and lactic acid yield increased to 0.78 g gā1 from alkali-treated corn stover, but this co-cultivation system produced racemic mixture of D and L lactic acid. Simultaneous utilization of hexose and pentose sugars derived from biomass was achieved by introduction of two plasmids pCU-PxylAB and pLEM415-xylAB carrying xylose assimilation genes into L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 [delta]ldhL1, respectively; the resulting recombinant strains [delta]ldhL1-pCU-PxylAB and [delta]ldhL1-pLEM415-xylAB used xylose and glucose simultaneously and produced high yield of optically pure D-lactic acid. Metabolic flux analysis verified the pathways used in these Lactobacillus strains and provided critical information to judiciously select the desired Lactobacillus strain to produce lactic acid catering to the composition of raw material and the optical purity requirement. This innovative study demonstrated strategies for low-cost biotechnological production of tailor-made lactic acid from specific lignocellulosic biomass, and thereby provides a foundational manufacturing route for a flexible and sustainable biorefinery to cater to the fuel and chemical industry.
Author: Edgard Gnansounou
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444635866
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Life-Cycle Assessment of Biorefineries, the sixth and last book in the series on biomass-biorefineries discusses the unprecedented growth and development in the emerging concept of a global bio-based economy in which biomass-based biorefineries have attained center stage for the production of fuels and chemicals. It is envisaged that by 2020 a majority of chemicals currently being produced through a chemical route will be produced via a bio-based route. Agro-industrial residues, municipal solid wastes, and forestry wastes have been considered as the most significant feedstocks for such bio-refineries. However, for the techno-economic success of such biorefineries, it is of prime and utmost importance to understand their lifecycle assessment for various aspects. - Provides state-of-art information on the basics and fundamental principles of LCA for biorefineries - Contains key features for the education and understanding of integrated biorefineries - Presents models that are used to cope with land-use changes and their effects on biorefineries - Includes relevant case studies that illustrate main points
Author: Arindam Kuila
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119460484
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
The book covers all aspects of fermentation technology such as principles, reaction kinetics, scaling up of processes, and applications. The 20 chapters written by subject matter experts are divided into two parts: Principles and Applications. In the first part subjects covered include: Modelling and kinetics of fermentation technology Sterilization techniques used in fermentation processes Design and types of bioreactors used in fermentation technology Recent advances and future prospect of fermentation technology The second part subjects covered include: Lactic acid and ethanol production using fermentation technology Various industrial value-added product biosynthesis using fermentation technology Microbial cyp450 production and its industrial application Polyunsaturated fatty acid production through solid state fermentation Application of oleaginous yeast for lignocellulosic biomass based single cell oil production Utilization of micro-algal biomass for bioethanol production Poly-lactide production from lactic acid through fermentation technology Bacterial cellulose and its potential impact on industrial applications
Author: Jasper Van Mullem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Billy R. Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lignocellulose
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Miodrag Darko Matovic
Publisher: BoD ā Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535111051
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
This two-volume book on biomass is a reflection of the increase in biomass related research and applications, driven by overall higher interest in sustainable energy and food sources, by increased awareness of potentials and pitfalls of using biomass for energy, by the concerns for food supply and by multitude of potential biomass uses as a source material in organic chemistry, bringing in the concept of bio-refinery. It reflects the trend in broadening of biomass related research and an increased focus on second-generation bio-fuels. Its total of 40 chapters spans over diverse areas of biomass research, grouped into 9 themes.
![Efficient Production of Plat-form [sic] Organic Acids from Ligocellulosic and Algal Biomass Carbohydrates PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/fRyhnQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Shao Heng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomass conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural and forest residues, is an inexpensive feedstock for bio-based products. Cost-effective production of bio-based products from lignocellulosic biomass requires simple conversion steps to break down carbohydrates to component mono-saccharides, and fermentation and/or chemical conversion of the sugars to final products. Lactic acid is one potential value-added product that could be produced economically from lignocellulosic biomass, if both the hexose and pentose sugars - derived from the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions, respectively - can be utilized completely with high efficiency. However, most natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cannot utilize xylose efficiently: the isomerization of xylose to xylulose in the phosphoketolase (PK) pathway constitutes a bottleneck step. Fortunately, it is possible to overcome this bottleneck via exogenous isomerization of xylose, thus allowing the microorganism to utilize xylulose as a viable alternative substrate for xylose. In this study, it has been demonstrated that this new approach could significantly improve the lactic acid yield. Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus casei (subspecies rhamnosus) were used in the fermentation of hexose, xylose, and xylulose to lactic acid. With L. pentosus, no preferential utilization of xylulose over xylose was seen, when both sugars were present in the medium. Sodium tetraborate and isomerization buffers, added to the fermentation broth to promote exogenous isomerization of xylose, strongly inhibited the growth of L. pentosus, which, in turn, led to poor utilization of xylulose. In contrast, with L. casei more robust growth and superior lactic acid yield were achieved from both glucose and xylulose, following exogenous isomerization with negligible xylose left at the end of fermentation. These results confirmed that, unlike L. pentosus, the exogenous isomerization additives do not inhibit L. casei and it is possible to maximize the utilization of both C6 and C5 sugars for lactic acid production by L. casei via the approach proposed in this study. In addition to lactic acid, succinic acid is a very important intermediary chemical building block that could constitute a viable alternative for petroleum-based bulk chemical precursors. Bio-based succinic acid produced from lignocellulosic biomass via microbial fermentation of the carbohydrate-derived sugars has the potential to reduce the cost of the product. However, inhibitors generated during the pretreatment and saccharification of biomass, especially lignin-derived phenolic compounds, could adversely affect the growth of succinic acid-producing microbes. Actinobacillus succinogenes - a promising strain that could be utilized for commercial succinic acid production - is strongly inhibited by the toxic compounds generated during pretreatment. In this study, some inexpensive commercially available enzymes were used to digest the chemical bonds between the glycoprotein in the cell wall and the polysaccharides of microalgae, which enabled the release of intracellular lipids and sugars. After removing the lipids using solvent extraction, the residue of the microalgae and the sugars remaining in the solution were successfully used as carbon and nitrogen sources for A. succinogenes fermentation for producing succinic acid. As such, the new process for fractionating microalgae developed in this study could significantly reduce the production costs of lipids and other bio-based products, because it allows the maximum utilization of every component in the micro-algal biomass.
Author: Birgit Kamm
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 366245209X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
The book describes how plant biomass can be used as renewable feedstock for producing and further processing various products. Particular attention is given to microbial processes both for the digestion of biomass and the synthesis of platform chemicals, biofuels and secondary products. Topics covered include: new metabolic pathways of microbes living on green plants and in silage; using lignocellulosic hydrolysates for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates; fungi such as Penicillium as host for the production of heterologous proteins and enzymes; bioconversion of sugar hydrolysates into lipids; production of succinic acid, lactones, lactic acid and organic lactates using different bacteria species; cellulose hydrolyzing bacteria in the production of biogas from plant biomass; and isoprenoid compounds in engineered microbes.
