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Author: Yi Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In future optical networks that employ wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), the use of optical switching technologies on a burst or packet level, combined with advanced modulation formats would achieve greater spectral efficiency and utilize the existing bandwidth more efficiently. All-optical wavelength converters are expected to be one of the key components in these broadband networks. They can be used at the network nodes to avoid contention and to dynamically allocate wavelengths to ensure optimum use of fiber bandwidth. In this work, a reconfigurable wavelength converter comprising of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) as the nonlinear element and a fast-switching sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) tunable laser as one of the pumps is developed. The wavelength conversion of 12.5-Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and Pol-Mul QPSK signals with switching time of tens of nanoseconds is experimentally achieved. Although the tunable DBR lasers can achieve ns tuning time, they present relatively large phase noise. The phase noise transfer from the pump to the converted signal can have a deleterious effect on signal quality and cause a performance penalty with phase modulated signals. To overcome the phase noise transfer issue, a wavelength converter using tunable dual-correlated pumps provided by the combination of a single-section quantum dash passively mode-locked laser (QD-PMLL) and a programmable tunable optical filter is designed and the wavelength conversion of QPSK and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals at 12.5 GBaud is experimentally investigated. Nonlinear distortion of the wavelength converted signal caused by gain saturation effects in the SOA can significantly degrade the signal quality and cause difficulties for the practical wavelength conversion of sig nal data with advanced modulation formats. In this work, the machine learning clustering based nonlinearity compensation method is proposed to improve the tolerance to nonlinear distortion in an SOA based wavelength conversion system with 16 QAM and 64 QAM signals.
Author: Yi Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In future optical networks that employ wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), the use of optical switching technologies on a burst or packet level, combined with advanced modulation formats would achieve greater spectral efficiency and utilize the existing bandwidth more efficiently. All-optical wavelength converters are expected to be one of the key components in these broadband networks. They can be used at the network nodes to avoid contention and to dynamically allocate wavelengths to ensure optimum use of fiber bandwidth. In this work, a reconfigurable wavelength converter comprising of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) as the nonlinear element and a fast-switching sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) tunable laser as one of the pumps is developed. The wavelength conversion of 12.5-Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and Pol-Mul QPSK signals with switching time of tens of nanoseconds is experimentally achieved. Although the tunable DBR lasers can achieve ns tuning time, they present relatively large phase noise. The phase noise transfer from the pump to the converted signal can have a deleterious effect on signal quality and cause a performance penalty with phase modulated signals. To overcome the phase noise transfer issue, a wavelength converter using tunable dual-correlated pumps provided by the combination of a single-section quantum dash passively mode-locked laser (QD-PMLL) and a programmable tunable optical filter is designed and the wavelength conversion of QPSK and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals at 12.5 GBaud is experimentally investigated. Nonlinear distortion of the wavelength converted signal caused by gain saturation effects in the SOA can significantly degrade the signal quality and cause difficulties for the practical wavelength conversion of sig nal data with advanced modulation formats. In this work, the machine learning clustering based nonlinearity compensation method is proposed to improve the tolerance to nonlinear distortion in an SOA based wavelength conversion system with 16 QAM and 64 QAM signals.
Author: Sepideh T. Naimi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The future optical switched wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks will require all optical wavelength conversion to avoid contention in a node when two signals on the same wavelength are being switched to the same output fiber. These future networks will also employ advanced modulation formats in order to increase the capacity of optical networks. In order to perform wavelength conversion operations on advanced modulation formats, a coherent nonlinear process, such as four-wave mixing (FWM), is required to preserve the amplitude and phase information. The phase noise transfer problem has crucial significance for the exploitation of FWM-based wavelength converters for advanced modulation formats because the phase noise transfer degrades the overall system performance. In this work, the required optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and laser phase noise (linewidth) limits are calculated via Monte Carlo simulations for the wavelength conversion of advanced modulation formats including DQPSK and M-QAM. Due to the sensitivity of M-QAM signals with respect to phase noise, the conversion performance is investigated using two different decision-directed phase-locked loop carrier phase recovery algorithms. In order to develop a validated numerical model for all-optical wavelength conversion of advanced modulation formats, the required OSNR versus pump linewidth at two values of bit error rate (BER) of 10-3 and 10-4 for DQPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM are reported for degenerate and non-degenerate FWM. With these calculations, the performance of wavelength conversion of advanced modulation formats will be guaranteed by selecting lasers with linewidths below these linewidth limits. As a next step of this work, All-optical wavelength conversion of Nyquist-WDM Superchannel using FWM in an SOA based on advanced modulation formats such as DQPSK, 16 and 64- QAM are demonstrated.
Author: Xiang Zhou
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118714962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 649
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Book Description
Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks Presents the technological advancements that enable high spectral-efficiency and high-capacity fiber-optic communication systems and networks This book examines key technology advances in high spectral-efficiency fiber-optic communication systems and networks, enabled by the use of coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The first of this book’s 16 chapters is a detailed introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the modulation formats, while Chapter 3 focuses on detection and error correction technologies for coherent optical communication systems. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to Nyquist-WDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In chapter 6, polarization and nonlinear impairments in coherent optical communication systems are discussed. The fiber nonlinear effects in a non-dispersion-managed system are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes linear impairment equalization and Chapter 9 discusses various nonlinear mitigation techniques. Signal synchronization is covered in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 describes the main constraints put on the DSP algorithms by the hardware structure. Chapter 13 addresses the fundamental concepts and recent progress of photonic integration. Optical performance monitoring and elastic optical network technology are the subjects of Chapters 14 and 15. Finally, Chapter 16 discusses spatial-division multiplexing and MIMO processing technology, a potential solution to solve the capacity limit of single-mode fibers. Contains basic theories and up-to-date technology advancements in each chapter Describes how capacity-approaching coding schemes based on low-density parity check (LDPC) and spatially coupled LDPC codes can be constructed by combining iterative demodulation and decoding Demonstrates that fiber nonlinearities can be accurately described by some analytical models, such as GN-EGN model Presents impairment equalization and mitigation techniques Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks is a reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Interpolation
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Abstract: Globally increasing levels of bandwidth and capacity requirements force the optical communications industry to produce new products that are faster, more powerful, and more efficient. In particular, optical-electronic-optical (O-E-O) conversions in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) mechanisms prevent higher data transfer speeds and create a serious bottleneck for optical communications. These O-E-O transitions are mostly encountered in the Wavelength converters of WDMs, and as a result, all-optical wavelength conversion methods have become extremely important. The main discussion in this thesis will concentrate on a specific all-optical wavelength conversion mechanism. In this mechanism, photonic crystal structures are integrated with moving MEMS/NEMS structures to create a state-of-the-art all-optical wavelength converter prototype. A wavelength conversion of 20% is achieved using this structure. Since the interaction of light with moving MEMS/NEMS structures plays an important role in the proposed wavelength conversion mechanism, modeling and simulation of electromagnetic waves becomes a very crucial step in the design process. Consequently, a subsection of this thesis will focus on a proposed enhancement to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) to model moving structures more efficiently and more realistically. This technique is named "Linear Dielectric Interpolation" and will be applied to more realistically and efficiently model the proposed photonic crystal MEMS/NEMS wavelength conversion mechanism.
Author: K R Venugopal
Publisher: I K International Pvt Ltd
ISBN: 8189866281
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
The first generation networks built before the emergence of fiber optics and the second generation networks which used fiber as a replacement for copper links in Local Area network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) are not adequate to meet the emerging integrated demands of the communication applications. Huge bandwidth must be provided to support applications such as super-computer interconnect, videoconferencing, etc., co-existing with smaller bandwidth requirements of data, audio, and many other applications for thousands of end-users. Wavelength Converters in Optical Networks deals with the third generation networks that use Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), wavelength routed optical networking technology. This technology can efficiently utilize the enormous bandwidth of the optical fiber and has been able to meet the emerging integrated demands of the communication applications.
Author: Mehedi Hasan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The capacity of optical communications networks continues to grow unabated. Applications for streaming video, social networking and cloud computing, are driving exponential growth of the traffic carried over the world's ICT networks, which has been sustained thus far through the proliferation of datacenters and efficient, effective use of existing optical fibre. To meet increasing capacity demands requires increasingly sophisticated modulation formats and spectral management to achieve effective use of the available spectrum provided by an optical fibre. Moreover, the technology developed for optical communications is finding broader application to other sectors such as data centres, 5&6 G wireless; lidar and radar. Ultimately, some essential signal processing functions must occur at speeds beyond purely electronic means even when accounting for anticipated technological development. The option is to perform signal processing in the optical domain. Optical signal processors are fundamentally analog and linear in nature. To provide high performance, an analogue processor must be well controlled in a way analogous to the numerous and sophisticated controllers employed by the process industry. Consequently, a further extension of control to deeper levels within the physical layer reaching the optical layer will be necessary. For example, current reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers are coloured and directional and the wavelength division multiplexing channel grid, transponders modulation format, and the routing are all fixed. Through optimization of the interface between the physical components, sensors, and processors elastic optical network technology can be achieved by employing colour-, direction-, contention-, grid-less, filter-, gap-less reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, flexible channels centre frequencies and width, flexible sub-carriers in super-channels, flexible modulation formats and forward error control coding transponders, and impairment-aware wavelength routing and spectral assignment. The aim of this thesis is to advance the state-of-the-art in photonic circuits and subsystems via proposing new architecture; study of the feasibility of photonic integration and, proof of concept implementations using available resources. The goal is to introduce new architectural concepts that make effective use of physical components and/or optical processors with reduced energy consumption, reduced footprint and offer speed beyond all-electronic implementations. The thesis presents four case studies based on one or more published papers and supplementary material that advance the goal of the thesis. The first study presents a coherent electro-optic circuit architecture that generates N spatially distinct phase-correlated harmonically related carriers using a generalized Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with its N×1 combiner replaced by an N×N optical Discrete Fourier Transform. The architecture subsumes all Mach-Zehnder Interferometer-based architectures in the prior art given an appropriate selection of output port(s) and dimension N, although the principal application envisaged is phase-correlated subcarrier generation for next-generation optical transmission systems. The theoretical prediction is then verified experimentally using laboratory available photonic integrated circuit fabricated for other applications. Later on, a novel extension of the circuit architecture is introduced by replacing the optical Discrete Fourier Transform network using the combination of a properly chosen phase shifter and single MMI coupler. The second study proposes two novel architectures for an on-chip ultra-high-resolution panoramic spectrometer and presents their design, analysis, integration feasibility, and verification by simulation. The target application is to monitor the power of a wavelength division multiplexed signals in both fixed and flex grid over entire C-band with minimum scan time and better than 1 GHz frequency accuracy. The two architectures combine in synchrony a scanning comb filter stage and channelized coarse filter. The fine filtering is obtained using a ring resonator while the coarse filtering is obtained using an arrayed waveguide grating with appropriate configuration. The fully coherent first architecture is optimised for compactness but relies on a repeatable fabrication processes to match the optical path lengths between a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a multiple input arrayed waveguide grating. The second architecture is less compact than the first but is robust to fabrication tolerances as it does not require the path length matching. The third study proposes a new circuit architecture for single sideband modulation or frequency conversion which employs a cascade Mach-Zehnder modulator architecture departing from the orthodox dual parallel solution. The theoretical analysis shows that the circuit has 3-dB optical and 3-dB electrical advantage over the orthodox solution. The 3-dB electrical advantage increases the linear operating range of Mach-Zehnder modulator before RF amplifier saturation. An experimental verification of the proposed architecture is provided using an available photonic integrated circuit. The proposed circuit can also perform complex modulation. An alternative implementation based on polarization modulators is also described. The fourth study presents the theoretical modelling of a photonic generation of broadband radio frequency phase shifter. The proposed phase shifter can generate any phase without bound: the complex transmission of the phase shifter follows a trajectory that rotates on a unit circle and may encircle the origin any number of times in either direction, which has great utility in the tuning of RF-photonic systems. The proposed concept is then verified experimentally using off the shelf low frequency electronic components.
Author: Giancarlo Prati
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Originally presented at the 8th International Tyrrhenian Workshop on Digital Communications held in Lerici, Italy in September 1996, these papers explore the current state of research in optical networks. The three broad sections cover Photonic Transport Network, Access Networks, and Packet-Switching Networks. Particular emphasis is given to the description of advanced optical components and enabling technologies, together with detailed system analyses. The key design issues and the most up-to-date research trends are fully considered.
Author: John Zyskind
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080960987
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 483
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Book Description
With the advent of wavelength routing and dynamic, reconfigurable optical networks, new demands are being made in the design and operation of optical amplifiers. This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive review of optical amplifier technology in the context of these recent advances in the field. It demonstrates how to manage the trade-offs between amplifier design, network architecture and system management and operation. The book provides an overview of optical amplifiers and reconfigurable networks before examining in greater detail the issues of importance to network operators and equipment manufacturers, including 40G and 100G transmission. Optical amplifier design is fully considered, focusing on fundamentals, design solutions and amplifier performance limitations. Finally, the book discusses other emerging applications for optical amplifiers such as optical networks for high data rate systems, free space systems, long single span links and optical digital networks. This book will be of great value to R&D engineers, network and systems engineers, telecommunications service providers, component suppliers, industry analysts, network operators, postgraduate students, academics and anyone seeking to understand emerging trends in optical networks and the consequent changes in optical amplifier design, features and applications. Provides an in depth and focused review of the new reconfigurable network architecture and its impact on optical amplifiers Addresses 40G and 100G transmission and networking Written by experts in the field with deep technical knowledge and practical experience of commercial practice and concerns
Author: Hussein T. Mouftah
Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
Electrical Engineering Photonic Switching Technology Systems and Networks Find out how today’s photonic switching technologies can provide a functional advantage in handling the ever-increasing data rates and bandwidth requirements placed on telecommunication components, systems, and networks with this self-contained, tutorial guide. Based on systems currently in use, Photonic Switching Technology: Systems and Networks will equip practitioners and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the functionality and versatility provided by photonics technologies used in all-optical networks weighed against their costs and limitations. The authors feature special coverage of state-of-the-art pilot systems that use photonic switching and multiwavelength techniques, such as Monet, Lambdanet, Cobra, and Starnet. These systems not only demonstrate the feasibility of optical systems, but also the implications of system integration, supporting technologies, and system economics. Photonic Switching Technology brings you a wealth of information on Photonic switches based on the electro-optic effect, switches based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), and optical memory switches Free space optical switching Wavelength division switching, including wavelength routing, wavelength conversion, and WDM packet switching Optical crossconnects
Author: Mònica Llorens Revull
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
[ANGLÈS] Currently, the usage of wireless devices and broadband communications is growing. As a consequence the research in how to implement high data rates in Radio over Fiber (RoF) links is becoming an interesting field to investigate. This Master Thesis examines two proposals for developing high capacity millimetre wave RoF systems. The first proposal is the Integrated Photonic Broadband Radio Access Units for Next Generation Optical Access Networks (IPHOBAC-NG) project. It proposes novel photonic radio access for Wavelength Division Multiple Access (WDMA) networks. The proposed Radio Access Unit (RAU) enables connections between optical fiber and E-band (60-90 GHz) wireless communications, avoiding the re/demodulation latencies due to the coherent heterodyne detection and optical up/down conversion using 90o optical Hybrids for Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (WDM-PON). This proposal presents an alternative to allocate wavelengths in optical fibers without needing to implement multiplexers and demultiplexers for separating each wavelength channel. The second proposal consists of an Adaptive and Cognitive RoF System (ACRoFS) using an Optically Controlled Reconfigurable Antenna (OCRA) and a broadband horn antenna for 28-38 GHz frequency band. The novel OCRA, which is examined in this thesis, enables to reconfigure the antenna properties for three different frequency bands; 28, 34 and 38 GHz bands. Moreover, this Master Thesis explains different blocks for implementing a digital coherent optical receiver in order to understand how a coherent receiver is able to recover the received signal. This Master Thesis also examines the experimental setup and the results obtained for testing and characterizing two bidirectional V-band (57-63 GHz) transceivers.
