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Author: Nicole Hartwig Trier
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036576909
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Antibodies are key reagents in diagnostics and experimental biology, capable of detecting numerous antigenic targets. Proteins are often in focus and are usually effective targets for antibody production. Occasionally, however, the native protein is known but not available, or a very specific target is required. In these cases, synthetic peptides, copying essential sequences from the target, are good alternatives for antibody production. Peptide antibodies have been used in diagnostics and experimental biology with great success, especially because they can be produced to multiple targets, for example, native and denatured targets. Traditional peptide antibody proteins encompass animal-based immunization with a synthetic peptide, usually conjugated to a carrier protein to enhance immune presentation, as small peptides tend not to be immunogenic by themselves. There are several strategies for the conjugation of peptides to carriers applied for immunization. This is the most used approach for peptide antibody production. In addition to traditional peptide antibody production, peptide antibodies can be produced using libraries or sequencing. This Special Issue, "Design, Production and Characterization of Peptide Antibodies", aims to describe the current state-of-the-art techniques and characterization/applications within the field as well as new and emerging uses of peptide antibodies.
Author: Nicole Hartwig Trier
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036576909
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Antibodies are key reagents in diagnostics and experimental biology, capable of detecting numerous antigenic targets. Proteins are often in focus and are usually effective targets for antibody production. Occasionally, however, the native protein is known but not available, or a very specific target is required. In these cases, synthetic peptides, copying essential sequences from the target, are good alternatives for antibody production. Peptide antibodies have been used in diagnostics and experimental biology with great success, especially because they can be produced to multiple targets, for example, native and denatured targets. Traditional peptide antibody proteins encompass animal-based immunization with a synthetic peptide, usually conjugated to a carrier protein to enhance immune presentation, as small peptides tend not to be immunogenic by themselves. There are several strategies for the conjugation of peptides to carriers applied for immunization. This is the most used approach for peptide antibody production. In addition to traditional peptide antibody production, peptide antibodies can be produced using libraries or sequencing. This Special Issue, "Design, Production and Characterization of Peptide Antibodies", aims to describe the current state-of-the-art techniques and characterization/applications within the field as well as new and emerging uses of peptide antibodies.
Author: Gary C. Howard
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142003653X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Written for researchers and professionals in the fields of biomedical research, immunology, biochemistry, molecular biology, pathology, and biotechnology, Basic Methods in Antibody Production and Characterization uses a cookbook approach to presenting the methods for the production, characterization, and use of antibodies. Antibodies described
Author: Gunnar Houen
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493929986
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This extensive volume covers basic and advanced aspects of peptide antibody production, characterization and uses. Although peptide antibodies have been available for many years, they continue to be a field of active research and method development. For example, peptide antibodies which are dependent on specific posttranslational modifications are of great interest, such as phosphorylation, citrullination and others, while different forms of recombinant peptide antibodies are gaining interest, notably nanobodies, single chain antibodies, TCR-like antibodies, among others. Within this volume, those areas are covered, as well as several technical and scientific advances: solid phase peptide synthesis, peptide carrier conjugation and immunization, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and elucidation of the molecular basis of antigen presentation and recognition by dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells and T cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and authoritative, Peptide Antibodies: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal reference for researchers exploring this vital and expansive area of study.
Author: Ravindra Thakkar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Peptides are low-cost, flexible, and biocompatible and can be designed to serve various functions in biotechnology and medicine. Peptides can be designed such that they fold spontaneously and adopt a specific conformation under specific conditions, including when in contact with the three-dimensional structure of a protein or the two-dimensional structure of graphene. They are promising for design of functional materials for biotechnology and medical applications. I have studied peptide design for biotechnology, including peptide self-assembly on a graphene surface, and for medical applications such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2. In chapter 1, I describe my study of the self-assembly of a designed cyclic peptide on graphitic surfaces by molecular dynamics simulations. In experiments, it was found that hydrocarbon contaminants may interfere with this self-assembly, so we undertook a computational study of the behavior of these contaminants at the graphene-water interface and compared it to experimental data, as detailed in chapter 2. Peptides are also promising in medicine, particularly for inhibiting protein-protein interactions in situations where conventional small-molecule drugs can be unsuitable. Many viruses important for public health including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza enter cells by means of binding between viral proteins and cell surface proteins. The blockade of these undesirable protein-protein interactions has definite clinical significance. Another medical application where blocking protein-protein interactions is essential is the immune checkpoint blockade used in cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint proteins most studied for cancer immunotherapy have flat and relatively hydrophobic interfaces that have impeded small-molecule drug development. Therefore, the application of peptide molecules that mimic the interacting surface of a natural binding protein is a promising alternative to small- molecule drugs. Immunotherapy activates the patient's own immune system to treat cancer. When any foreign substance enters in the body, immune cells recognize it as a threat and neutralize it. But unfortunately, cancer cells often evolve to evade the immune system. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated protein 4 (CTLA4) plays a crucial role in self-recognition and is an immune checkpoint protein that cancer cells may express to prevent attack from the immune system. Cancer cells frequently overexpress proteins of the B7 family, which allows them to evade the immune response by binding between these B7 proteins and CTLA4 on the surface of T cells. As presented in chapter 3, I have designed a 17-residue cyclic peptide targeting the CTLA4 protein that binds to it with a significant affinity. The binding activity was experimentally confirmed by the bio-layer interferometry (BLI) method. Studies performed by our collaborators showed an increase in CD8+ T cell-induced death of Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells due to treatment with this peptide in vitro. In vivo, the designed peptide attenuated tumor growth in mouse models using orthotopic LLC cell allografts. A disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), called as COVID-19, has threatened global public health and the global economy. The WHO has reported 434 confirmed million cases and 6 million deaths. Although effective vaccines have been developed against SARS-CoV-2, many regions in the world still have a low rate of vaccination and even vaccinated individuals may experience reinfection. Deaths continue to be reported worldwide, exacerbated by continued mutation of the viral spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through association of this spike protein, present on the envelope of the virus, and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2), a protein expressed on the surface of host cells. As detailed in chapter 4, I have designed a 17-residue long peptide targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein to prevent COVID-19 infection. My designed peptide binds to the spike protein RBD with nanomolar affinity and blocks the binding site of ACE2. I have confirmed the binding activity using a microcantilever-based method and determined the dissociation constant using a BLI system. SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate and produce variants. I have tested the binding activity of the designed peptide for the Delta variant, considered highly transmissible and declared as a variant of the concern (VOC) by the WHO. The BLI experiment revealed weaker binding of the designed peptide for the Delta variant spike protein compared to that for the original wild-type due to the mutations present in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein.
Author: John E. Schiel
Publisher: ACS Symposium
ISBN: 9780841230293
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"Distributed in print by Oxford University Press."
Author: Allan Matte
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081030193
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Approaches to the Purification, Analysis and Characterization of Antibody-Based Therapeutics provides the interested and informed reader with an overview of current approaches, strategies and considerations relating to the purification, analytics and characterization of therapeutic antibodies and related molecules. While there are obviously other books published in and around this subject area, they seem to be either older (c.a. year 2000 publication date) or are more limited in scope. The book will include an extensive bibliography of the published literature in the respective areas covered. It is not, however, intended to be a how-to methods book. Covers the vital new area of R&D on therapeutic antibodies Written by leading scientists and researchers Up-to-date coverage and includes a detailed bibliography
Author: Gunnar Houen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 1071639145
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Christian Schönbach
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387729682
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
In contrast to existing books on immunoinformatics, this volume presents a cross-section of immunoinformatics research. The contributions highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the field and how collaborative efforts among bioinformaticians and bench scientists result in innovative strategies for understanding the immune system. Immunoinformatics is ideal for scientists and students in immunology, bioinformatics, microbiology, and many other disciplines.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309173051
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) petitioned the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on April 23, 1997, to prohibit the use of animals in the production of mAb. On September 18, 1997, NIH declined to prohibit the use of mice in mAb production, stating that "the ascites method of mAb production is scientifically appropriate for some research projects and cannot be replaced." On March 26, 1998, AAVS submitted a second petition, stating that "NIH failed to provide valid scientific reasons for not supporting a proposed ban." The office of the NIH director asked the National Research Council to conduct a study of methods of producing mAb. In response to that request, the Research Council appointed the Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies, to act on behalf of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the Commission on Life Sciences, to conduct the study. The 11 expert members of the committee had extensive experience in biomedical research, laboratory animal medicine, animal welfare, pain research, and patient advocacy (Appendix B). The committee was asked to determine whether there was a scientific necessity for the mouse ascites method; if so, whether the method caused pain or distress; and, if so, what could be done to minimize the pain or distress. The committee was also asked to comment on available in vitro methods; to suggest what acceptable scientific rationale, if any, there was for using the mouse ascites method; and to identify regulatory requirements for the continued use of the mouse ascites method. The committee held an open data-gathering meeting during which its members summarized data bearing on those questions. A 1-day workshop (Appendix A) was attended by 34 participants, 14 of whom made formal presentations. A second meeting was held to finalize the report. The present report was written on the basis of information in the literature and information presented at the meeting and the workshop.
