Design of Biomimetic Armor Based on Strain Rate Sensitive Natural Dermal Armor PDF Download
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Author: Sean S. Ghods
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Elasmoid fish scales serve as a dermal armor and are a marvelous example of a biological composite in Nature that exhibits exceptional mechanical behavior. Their hierarchical microstructure consists of two distinct and primary regions across the thickness. The outermost layer is known as the limiting layer (LL) and consists of calcium deficient apatite and discrete, sparsely distributed collagen fibers. The second layer is the elasmodine and consists of lamella of uniaxially aligned collagen fibrils with significantly lower mineral content. As collagen is the major constituent of fish scales, they would be expected to exhibit a high degree of strain rate sensitivity. Therefore, an experimental evaluation of the strain rate sensitivity of elasmodine fish scales was conducted in uniaxial tension and transverse puncture loading arrangements. It is shown that across a broad range of strain rates in tension, from 104̄ to 102 s1̄, and ramp rates in transverse puncture, from 0.05 to 50 mm/s, the scales have an exponent for the toughness of 0.10 and 0.35, respectively. The mechanics of collagen depend heavily on intermolecular bonding. Based on their high collagen content, hydrogen bonding can extend across fibrils and interfaces of the lamellae. Thus, a polar solvent (ethanol) was introduced to scales to change the interface bonding and evaluate its effects on the scale’s mechanical behavior. In addition to the strain rate sensitivity, exposure of the scales to ethanol invoked significant increases in the elastic modulus, strength, and toughness across all loading rates. The largest increase noted was a 7X increase in the work to failure for transverse puncture loading. In an effort to apply these findings towards the development of new armors, novel “first-generation” composites were developed with features of the fish scale microstructure. Specifically, fibrous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites were fabricated using Dyneema as a platform and reinforced selectively with alumina particles. The experimental materials were evaluated in the same transverse puncture loading format. The addition of alumina powder to the polymer fiber composite resulted in increases across the performance metrics measured, but not yet to the level achieved by the scales. These results show promise and merit further investigation in the development of composites that draw inspiration from natural dermal armor.
Author: Sean S. Ghods
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Elasmoid fish scales serve as a dermal armor and are a marvelous example of a biological composite in Nature that exhibits exceptional mechanical behavior. Their hierarchical microstructure consists of two distinct and primary regions across the thickness. The outermost layer is known as the limiting layer (LL) and consists of calcium deficient apatite and discrete, sparsely distributed collagen fibers. The second layer is the elasmodine and consists of lamella of uniaxially aligned collagen fibrils with significantly lower mineral content. As collagen is the major constituent of fish scales, they would be expected to exhibit a high degree of strain rate sensitivity. Therefore, an experimental evaluation of the strain rate sensitivity of elasmodine fish scales was conducted in uniaxial tension and transverse puncture loading arrangements. It is shown that across a broad range of strain rates in tension, from 104̄ to 102 s1̄, and ramp rates in transverse puncture, from 0.05 to 50 mm/s, the scales have an exponent for the toughness of 0.10 and 0.35, respectively. The mechanics of collagen depend heavily on intermolecular bonding. Based on their high collagen content, hydrogen bonding can extend across fibrils and interfaces of the lamellae. Thus, a polar solvent (ethanol) was introduced to scales to change the interface bonding and evaluate its effects on the scale’s mechanical behavior. In addition to the strain rate sensitivity, exposure of the scales to ethanol invoked significant increases in the elastic modulus, strength, and toughness across all loading rates. The largest increase noted was a 7X increase in the work to failure for transverse puncture loading. In an effort to apply these findings towards the development of new armors, novel “first-generation” composites were developed with features of the fish scale microstructure. Specifically, fibrous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites were fabricated using Dyneema as a platform and reinforced selectively with alumina particles. The experimental materials were evaluated in the same transverse puncture loading format. The addition of alumina powder to the polymer fiber composite resulted in increases across the performance metrics measured, but not yet to the level achieved by the scales. These results show promise and merit further investigation in the development of composites that draw inspiration from natural dermal armor.
Author: Irene Hsu Chen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321649031
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Designs derived from nature have become a perfect blueprint for today's engineers and scientists to follow and implement. One particularly noted area is the defense industry, wherein flexible dermal armor inspired by nature has been pioneering many sophisticated technologies and designs in recent years. Designers today are considering borrowing aspects of flexibility and mobility of natural dermal armors to enhance the maneuverability of man-made armor by imitating the following mechanisms : (1) 3D interlocking; (2) interconnectivity; (3) hierarchical structure; (4) structural toughening mechanisms. The motive of this research is to examine the flexible dermal armors that Mother Nature has offered. The innate structure and mechanical properties of osteoderms in the following animals have been investigated: armadillo, alligator, and leatherback sea turtle. All these animals have one commonality: they have bony plates embedded in their soft shell that make their skin flexible and compliant while also offering protection. Each of these animals has its own unique way with associated functional mechanisms to achieve this. First, the armadillo uses a flexible biological material, collagen, to connect the bony plates and to provide flexibility. Second, the osteoderms of an alligator have bone-toughening mechanisms to reinforce themselves from a predator's attack. Third, the leatherback sea turtle exhibits a zigzag suture design that incorporates interlocking methods into its armor that enables it to dive deep into the ocean (depth of 1200 meters). Mechanical tests, characterization, and analysis were performed to identify the principal mechanisms that provide both toughness and flexibility in the three different dermal armors. The damage mechanisms are connected to the microstructural characteristics. The toughness and flexibility of the natural designs were found to be quite remarkable.
Author: Wole Soboyejo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108963447
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Master simple to advanced biomaterials and structures with this essential text. Featuring topics ranging from bionanoengineered materials to bio-inspired structures for spacecraft and bio-inspired robots, and covering issues such as motility, sensing, control and morphology, this highly illustrated text walks the reader through key scientific and practical engineering principles, discussing properties, applications and design. Presenting case studies for the design of materials and structures at the nano, micro, meso and macro-scales, and written by some of the leading experts on the subject, this is the ideal introduction to this emerging field for students in engineering and science as well as researchers.
Author: R. Velmurugan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819960304
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 537
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Book Description
This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Plasticity and Impact Mechanics (IMPLAST) 2022, which was held at Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, to commemorate the 80th birthday of Prof. N K Gupta, IIT, Delhi. It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in diverse areas, such as constitutive relations, theories of plasticity, stress waves in solids, earthquake loading, high-speed impact problems, fire and blast loading, structural crashworthiness and failure, mechanics of penetration and perforation, among others. The contents focus on aspects of large deformations and failure of materials, including metals, composites, cellular, geomaterials, or concrete, and structures resulting from quasi-static earthquake, fire, impact, or blast loading. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in academia and industry in the areas of mechanical, materials, and aerospace engineering.
Author: Bharat Bhushan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354085049X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The volumes XI, XII and XIII examine the physical and technical foundation for recent progress in applied scanning probe techniques. The first volume came out in January 2004, the second to fourth volumes in early 2006 and the fifth to seventh volumes in late 2006. The field is progressing so fast that there is a need for a set of volumes every 12 to 18 months to capture latest developments. These volumes constitute a timely comprehensive overview of SPM applications. After introducing scanning probe microscopy, including sensor technology and tip characterization, chapters on use in various industrial applications are presented. Industrial applications span topographic and dynamical surface studies of thin-film semiconductors, polymers, paper, ceramics, and magnetic and biological materials. The chapters have been written by leading researchers and application scientists from all over the world and from various industries to provide a broader perspective.
Author: Ilaria Mazzoleni
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466506075
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Applying Properties of Animals Skins to Inspire Architectural Envelopes Biology influences design projects in many ways; the related discipline is known as biomimetics or biomimicry. Using the animal kingdom as a source of inspiration, Ilaria Mazzoleni seeks to instill a shift in thinking about the application of biological principles to design and architecture. She focuses on the analysis of how organisms have adapted to different environments and translates the learned principles into the built environment. To illustrate the methodology, Mazzoleni draws inspiration from the diversity of animal coverings, referred to broadly as skin, and applies them to the design of building envelopes through a series of twelve case studies. Skin is a complex organ that performs a multitude of functions; namely, it serves as a link between the body and the environment. Similarly, building envelopes act as interfaces between their inhabitants and external elements. The resulting architectural designs illustrate an integrative methodology that allows architecture to follow nature. "Ilaria Mazzoleni, in collaboration with biologist Shauna Price, has developed a profound methodology for architectural and design incentives that anticipates and proposes novel ways to explore undiscovered biological inspirations for various audiences." —Yoseph Bar-Cohen
Author: Don Rittner
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 1438109997
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Contains approximately 800 alphabetical entries, prose essays on important topics, line illustrations, and black-and-white photographs.
Author: R. Norman Owen-Smith
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521426374
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
An account of the limitations and advantages conferred by large body size.
Author: Osama M. Musa
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319294547
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
A handbook on syntheses and properties, production processes, and applications of maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride derived products – all in one text. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of maleic anhydride chemistry and applications from the professional perspective. With chapters written by leading R&D scientists from the chemical industry, and edited by the Vice President and ASI Technology Chief at Ashland Specialty Ingredients (ASI), Dr. Osama M. Musa, readers will find a unique perspective and summary of the latest advancements in the field of maleic anhydride science. Maleic anhydride is produced industrially on large scale (10E3 kt/annum). Its rich chemistry makes it an important raw material for numerous products and processes (e.g. for applications in polymers and coatings), many of which are covered in this handbook for the first time in a comprehensive manner. The broad scope spans topics ranging from production techniques (including topics such as processes, catalysis, trouble-shooting), synthesis and properties of small and polymeric maleic anhydride based compounds (focusing on industrially relevant compounds as well as emerging areas of importance) and in-depth and broad discussions of commercial maleic anhydride based applications.
Author: Andrew M. Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540310495
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Many creatures use adhesive polymers and structures to attach to inert substrates, to each other, or to other organisms. This is the first major review that brings together research on many of the well-known biological adhesives dealing with bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine and terrestrial animals. As we learn more about their molecular and mechanical properties we begin to understand why they adhere so well and with this comes broad applications in areas such as medicine, dentistry, and biotechnology.
