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Languages : en
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Author: Yardney Electric Corporation. Yardney Electric Division
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Category : Electric vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 96

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Languages : en
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A battery module configuration consisting of four 325-Ah cells was selected. Twelve such modules would make up a 24-kWh battery. The key design parameter is operation current density. An energy density of 2.1 Wh/in.3 and 35 Wh/lb was obtained. A flow diagram was drawn for the manufacturing process. An eight-month period would be required to set up a pilot plant. The material requirements for 100,000 batteries per year would not have a significant impact on current U.S. consumption. 29 figures, 28 tables (RWR).

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Languages : en
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For satisfying the 25-kWh energy requirement necessary for vehicle propulsion, a 700-pound nickel--zinc battery was configured. Containing 64 individual cells, the unit was selected for minimum weight from computed packaging possibilities. Unit volume was projected to be 4.77 cubic feet. Capacity of the cells delivering 100+ volts was set at 245 ampere-hours. Selection was made primarily because of the compatibility with expressed vehicle requirements of a lower-current system. Manufacturing costs were computed for a unit using sintered positive electrodes at $86/kWh, pilot plant rate, and $78/kWh, production plant rate. Based on a lower than anticipated cost differential between sintered and nonsintered positive electrodes and certain other performance differences, the sintered electrode was chosen for the battery design. Capital expenditures for a production rate of 10,000 batteries per year are estimated to be $2,316,500. Capital expenditure for demonstrating production rates in a pilot plant facility is approximately $280,000, with the use of some shared available equipment. 29 figures, 9 tables.

Author: Nickel-Zinc Battery Project
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Storage batteries
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Author:
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Category : Storage batteries
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Progress in work at Exide in three main development areas, i.e., battery design and development, nickel cathode study, and electrochemical studies is reported. Battery design and development concentrated on the optimization of design parameters, including electrode spacing, charging methods, electrolyte concentration, the design and fabrication of prototype cells and modules, and testing to verify these parameters. Initial experiments indicated that an interelectrode spacing of 2.5 mm was optimum when normal (D.C.) charging is used. It was during these experiments that a high rate charging technique was developed to deposit a dense active zinc which did not shed during vibration. A 4 cell - 300 Ah experimental module was built and sent to NBTL for testing. Initial testing on this module and a 300 Ah cell are reported. Experiments on electrolyte concentration indicate that higher concentrations of KOH (8M, 9M or 10M) are beneficial to capacity maintenance. Available nickel cathodes were evaluated for possible use in the VIBROCEL. These included pocket, sintered plaque impregnated, nickel plated steel wool impregnated, plastic bonded and CMG (multifoil) electrodes. These electrodes have Coulombic densities ranging from 70 Ah/Kg for pocket plates to 190 Ah/Kg for CMG electrodes. Detailed test data are presented for each type including rate capability, effect of zincate on performance, and capacity maintenance with cycling. Work on zinc deposition emphasized the special charging technique. This is a deposition using special waveforms of charging current, to deposit dense crystalline zinc on the anode substrate.

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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The program has progressed to the stage of evaluating full-sized (220 Ah) cells, multicell modules, and 22 kWh batteries. Nickel electrodes that display stable capacities of up to 24 Ah/plate (at C/3 drain rate) at design thickness (2.5 mm) in tests at 200 test cycles. Iron electrodes of the composite-type are also delivering 24 Ah/plate (at C/3) at target thickness (1.0 mm). Iron plates are displaying capacity stability for 300+ test cycles in continuing 3 plate cell tests. Best finished cells are delivering 57 to 63 Wh/kg at C/3, based on cell weights of the finished cells, and in the actual designed cell volume. 6-cell module (6-1) performance has demonstrated 239 Ah, 1735 Wh, 53 WH/kg at the C/3 drain rate. This module is now being evaluated at the National Battery Test Laboratory. The 2 x 4 battery has been constructed, tested, and delivered for engineering test and evaluation. The battery delivered 22.5 kWh, as required (199 Ah discharge at 113 V-bar) at the C/3 drain rate. The battery has performed satisfactorily under dynamometer and constant current drain tests. Some cell problems, related to construction, necessitated changing 3 modules, but the battery is now ready for further testing. Reduction in nickel plate swelling (and concurrent stack electrolyte starvation), to improve cycling, is one area of major effort to reach the final battery objectives. Pasted nickel electrodes are showing promise in initial full-size cell tests and will continue to be evaluated in finished cells, along with other technology advancements. 30 figures, 14 tables.

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Category : Electric batteries
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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