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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789994452514
Category : Ethiopia
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
One of worst crimes committed by Italian fascism during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia was the massacre of the monks of Debre Libanos, on 20 May 1937. Graziani, the fascist Viceroy, then telegraphed from Addis Ababa to Rome, in a secret telegram, that 297 monks had been shot, yet in truth many, many more died. The author, Ian Campbell, is a Development Consultant specialising in East Africa, has been studying Ethiopia's cultural history since he arrived in Addis Ababa in 1988. In this publication he looks at the history of the monastery of Debre Libanos, and in particular the backround and history of the massacre and pillaging of the monastery by fascist Italian forces, which killed over a thousand monks. It also includes information on the rounding up of citizens thought to have some association with the monastery and who sere sent to Danane concentration camp, many not surviving.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789994452514
Category : Ethiopia
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Get Book Here
Book Description
One of worst crimes committed by Italian fascism during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia was the massacre of the monks of Debre Libanos, on 20 May 1937. Graziani, the fascist Viceroy, then telegraphed from Addis Ababa to Rome, in a secret telegram, that 297 monks had been shot, yet in truth many, many more died. The author, Ian Campbell, is a Development Consultant specialising in East Africa, has been studying Ethiopia's cultural history since he arrived in Addis Ababa in 1988. In this publication he looks at the history of the monastery of Debre Libanos, and in particular the backround and history of the massacre and pillaging of the monastery by fascist Italian forces, which killed over a thousand monks. It also includes information on the rounding up of citizens thought to have some association with the monastery and who sere sent to Danane concentration camp, many not surviving.
Author: Ian Campbell
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190874309
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
In February 1937, following an abortive attack by a handful of insurgents on Mussolini's High Command in Italian-occupied Ethiopia, 'repression squads' of armed Blackshirts and Fascist civilians were unleashed on the defenseless residents of Addis Ababa. In three terror-filled days and nights of arson, murder and looting, thousands of innocent and unsuspecting men, women and children were roasted alive, shot, bludgeoned, stabbed to death, or blown to pieces with hand-grenades. Meanwhile the notorious Viceroy Rodolfo Graziani, infamous for his atrocities in Libya, took the opportunity to add to the carnage by eliminating the intelligentsia and nobility of the ancient Ethiopian empire in a pogrom that swept across the land. In a richly illustrated and ground-breaking work backed up by meticulous and scholarly research, Ian Campbell reconstructs and analyses one of Fascist Italy's least known atrocities, which he estimates eliminated 19-20 per cent of the capital's population. He exposes the hitherto little known cover-up conducted at the highest levels of the British government, which enabled the facts of one of the most hideous civilian massacres of all time to be concealed, and the perpetrators to walk free.
Author: Ian Campbell
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 1787386317
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
In 1935, Fascist Italy invaded the sovereign state of Ethiopia--a war of conquest that triggered a chain of events culminating in the Second World War. In this stunning and highly original tale of two Churches, historian Ian Campbell brings a whole new perspective to the story, revealing that bishops of the Italian Catholic Church facilitated the invasion by sanctifying it as a crusade against the world's second-oldest national Church. Cardinals and archbishops rallied the support of Catholic Italy for Il Duce's invading armies by denouncing Ethiopian Christians as heretics and schismatics and announcing that the onslaught was an assignment from God. Campbell marshals evidence from three decades of research to expose the martyrdom of thousands of clergy of the venerable Ethiopian Church, the burning and looting of hundreds of Ethiopia's ancient monasteries and churches, and the instigation and arming of a jihad against Ethiopian Christendom, the likes of which had not been seen since the Middle Ages. Finally, Holy War traces how, after Italy's surrender to the Allies, the horrors of this pogrom were swept under the carpet of history, and the leading culprits put on the road to sainthood.
Author: Chiara Renzo
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000922588
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
This book focuses on the experiences of thousands of Jewish displaced persons (DPs) who lived in refugee camps in Italy between the liberation of the southern regions in 1943 and the early 1950s, waiting for their resettlement outside of Europe. It explores the Jewish DPs’ daily life in the refugee camps and what this experience of displacement meant to them. This book sheds light on the dilemmas the Jewish DPs faced when reconstructing their lives in the refugee camps after the Holocaust and how this challenging process was deeply influenced by their interaction with the humanitarian and political actors involved in their rescue, rehabilitation, and resettlement. Relating to the peculiar context of post-fascist Italy and the broader picture of the postwar refugee crisis, this book reveals overlooked aspects that contributed to the making of an incredibly diverse and lively community in transit, able to elaborate new paradigms of home, belonging and family.
Author: David H. Shinn
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 0810874571
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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Book Description
Ethiopia is clearly one of the most important countries in Africa. First of all, with about 75 million people, it is the third most populous country in Africa. Second, it is very strategically located, in the Horn of Africa and bordering Eritrea, Sudan, Kenya, and Somalia, with some of whom it has touchy and sometimes worse relations. Yet, its capital – Addis Ababa – is the headquarters of the African Union, the prime meeting place for Africa’s leaders. So, if things went poorly in Ethiopia, this would not be good for Africa, and for a long time this was the case, with internal disruption rife, until it was literally suppressed under the strong rule of the recently deceased Meles Zenawi. The Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, Second Edition covers the history of Ethiopia through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has several hundred cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Ethiopia.
Author: Matteo Millan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000562166
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
On October 1922 Mussolini became head of the Italian government, a situation that would last for twenty years. That power was obtained was largely due to the widespread violence perpetrated by blackshirts throughout Italy (squadristi). Violence however did not end. Old and new blackshirts played a major role in making Italy a fascist country. Contrary to the claims of many scholars that have depicted blackshirts after the March on Rome only as troublemakers for Mussolini, the book shows that they played a crucial role in establishing a full and totalitarian dictatorship. Squadristi carried out processes of fascistisation, crushed opponents and convinced bystanders and dubious people, consolidating fascist power in many aspects of social, political and even intimate life. By resorting to new archives, a long chronology and a focus on individual perspectives, this book gives voice to the perpetrators of fascist violence and offers new insights into the lives of squadristi throughout the dictatorship, outlining their beliefs, outlooks and expectations. The book shows that post-1922 squadrismo was not a side effect of Fascism's twenty-year history. On the contrary, violence represents one of the essential components of any definition of Italian Fascism.
Author: Giulia Albanese
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000554538
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
In the last years, the discussion around what is fascism, if this concept can be applied to present forms of politics and if its seeds are still present today, became central in the political debate. This discussion led to a vast reconsideration of the meaning and the experience of fascism in Europe and is changing the ways in which scholars of different generations look at this political ideology and come back to it and it is also changing the ways in which we consider the experience of Italian fascism in the European and global context. The aim of the book is building a general history of Fascism and its historiography through the analysis of 13 different fundamental aspects, which were at the core of Fascist project or of Fascist practices during the regime. Each essay considers a specific and meaningful aspect of the history of Italian fascism, reflecting on it from the vantage point of a case study. The essays thus reinterrogates the history of Fascism to understand in which way Fascism was able to mould the historical context in which it was born, how and if it transformed political, cultural, social elements that were already present in Italy. The themes considered are violence, empire, war, politics, economy, religion, culture, but also antifascism and the impact of Fascism abroad, especially in the Twenties and at the beginnings of the Thirties. The book could be both used for a general public interested in the history of Europe in the interwar period and for an academic and scholarly public, since the essays aim to develop a provocative reflection on their own area of research.
Author: Thomas P. Ofcansky
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 0810865661
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 699
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Book Description
Ethiopia is one of the world's oldest countries; its Rift Valley may be the location where the ancestors of humankind originated more than four million years ago. With a population of 67 million people today, it is the third most populous country on the African continent after Nigeria and Egypt. It is the source of 86 percent of the water reaching the Aswan Dam in Egypt, most of it carried by the amazing Blue Nile. Ethiopia offers major historical sites such as the pre-Christian palace at Yeha, the stele and tombs of the old Kingdom of Axum, and the rock-carved churches of Lalibela. For anyone interested in Ethiopia, this historical dictionary, through its individual and carefully cross-referenced entries, captures the importance and intrigue of this truly significant African nation. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia appeals to all levels of readers, providing entries for each of Ethiopia's 85 ethnic groups and covering a broad range of cultural, political, and economic topics. Readers interested in the cultural aspects or who are planning to visit Ethiopia will find a wealth of entries on art, literature, handicrafts, music, dance, bird life, geography, and historic tourist sites. Practitioners in government and non-governmental organizations will find entries on pressing economic, social, and political issues such as HIV/AIDS, female circumcision , debt, human rights, and the environment. The important historical role of missionaries and the combination of conflict and cooperation between Christians and Muslims in the region are also issues reviewed. And, finally, many of the entries highlight relations between Ethiopia and her neighbors-Eritrea, Somalia, Somaliland, Djibouti, Kenya, and Sudan. In the bibliography, considerable emphasis has been placed on including both new and old materials covering all facets of Ethiopia, organized for easy identification by areas of major interest.
Author: Charles Stephenson
Publisher: Pen and Sword Military
ISBN: 1399051687
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
In early October 1935 and without any declaration of war some two hundred thousand men, comprising soldiers and airmen of the Italian armed forces, Fascist ‘Blackshirt’ Militia, Eritrean ascari and Somali dubats, invaded the independent state of Ethiopia (Abyssinia). It was an operation entirely of choice, the chooser being Il Duce: Benito Mussolini. The resultant conflict is often described as a colonial war. while it was certainly launched with the intent of turning Ethiopia into an Italian possession, it was in fact a war of aggression against an independent, sovereign, state with membership of the League of Nations. A state that had, according to one of its nineteenth-century rulers, been ‘for fourteen centuries a Christian island in a sea of pagans’. The swiftness of the Italian victory resulted from their possession and ruthless use of technology; most particularly aircraft, mustard gas, and motorisation/mechanisation. Since they were fighting an enemy who possessed none of these things, then they were able to wage, indeed inaugurate, what the prominent military theorist JFC Fuller dubbed ‘totalitarian warfare’ or, as it became known a few years later, total war. This, he opined, was the Fascist, the scientific, way of making war. In his considered view, the Fascist Army that waged it was ‘a scientific military instrument.’ This book examines that campaign in military and political terms.
Author: Alessandro Cova
Publisher: Fonthill Media
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
—> An exhaustive work of comprehensive research and study in various files and paperwork —> Beautifully illustrated with many rare and unpublished photographs —> A must-have for military historians, enthusiasts, modellers, video/tabletop gamers and those interested in the Second World War ‘An enemy forgiven is more dangerous than a thousand foes.’ Rodolfo Graziani, marshal of Italy, viceroy of Ethiopia, and one of Mussolini’s most valued generals, remains to this day a divisive figure in his homeland. Revered by some Italians as a patriot and vilified by others a murderer, his reputation abroad endures as one of infamy. To the people of Libya, he is the man who hanged Omar al-Mukhtar; in Ethiopia, the one behind the poison gas bombings; to the British, he is the buffoon-like Italian general whose troops surrendered en masse. But what is the true story of Rodolfo Graziani? This rigorously researched biography draws on private letters and secret communications to reveal a fascinating portrait of fascist Italy’s most notorious military leader. What emerges is a man of glaring contradictions: a doting family man and a violent soldier. Graziani was a key figure of Italy’s momentous 1930s, enjoying widespread popularity during the height of Mussolini’s dictatorship, his exploits in Libya and Ethiopia captured the public’s imagination. After his death, he was largely forgotten but in 2012, the mausoleum erected in his honour has sparked fresh controversy.
