Author: Eric Milou
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1544316941
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Book Description
"Too often, middle school and high school teachers say, ‘These students are lacking number sense.’ These books will help secondary teachers with good pedagogy to help build number sense in a creative way. Eric Milou and John SanGiovanni have created short routines that are teacher-friendly, with lots of examples, and easy to adapt to each teacher’s needs. These are the books that secondary teachers have been waiting for to help engage students in building number sense." Pamela J. Dombrowski, Secondary Math Specialist Geary County School District Junction City, KS Kickstart your high school math class! Do your students need more opportunities do develop number sense and reasoning? Are you looking to get your students energized and talking about mathematics? Have you wondered how practical, replicable, and engaging activities would complement your mathematics instruction? This guide answers the question "What could I do differently?" Taking cues from popular number sense and reasoning routines, this book gives you the rundown on how to engage in five different daily 5–10 minute routines, all of which include content-specific examples, extensions, and variations of each for algebra, functions, geometry, and data analysis. Video demonstrations allow you to see the routines in action and the book includes a year’s worth of daily instructional material that you can use to begin each class period. The routines in this book will help students Frequently revisit essential mathematical concepts Foster and shore up conceptual understanding Engage in mental mathematics, leading to efficiency and fluency Engage in mathematical discourse by constructing viable arguments and critiquing the reasoning of others Reason mathematically, and prepare for high stakes assessments Move learning beyond "correctness" by valuing mistakes and discourse and encouraging a growth mindset From trusted authors and experts Eric Milou and John SanGiovanni, this teacher-friendly resource will give you all the tools and tips you need to reinvent those critical first five or ten minutes of math class for the better!
Daily Routines to Jump-Start Math Class, High School
Author: Eric Milou
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1544316941
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Book Description
"Too often, middle school and high school teachers say, ‘These students are lacking number sense.’ These books will help secondary teachers with good pedagogy to help build number sense in a creative way. Eric Milou and John SanGiovanni have created short routines that are teacher-friendly, with lots of examples, and easy to adapt to each teacher’s needs. These are the books that secondary teachers have been waiting for to help engage students in building number sense." Pamela J. Dombrowski, Secondary Math Specialist Geary County School District Junction City, KS Kickstart your high school math class! Do your students need more opportunities do develop number sense and reasoning? Are you looking to get your students energized and talking about mathematics? Have you wondered how practical, replicable, and engaging activities would complement your mathematics instruction? This guide answers the question "What could I do differently?" Taking cues from popular number sense and reasoning routines, this book gives you the rundown on how to engage in five different daily 5–10 minute routines, all of which include content-specific examples, extensions, and variations of each for algebra, functions, geometry, and data analysis. Video demonstrations allow you to see the routines in action and the book includes a year’s worth of daily instructional material that you can use to begin each class period. The routines in this book will help students Frequently revisit essential mathematical concepts Foster and shore up conceptual understanding Engage in mental mathematics, leading to efficiency and fluency Engage in mathematical discourse by constructing viable arguments and critiquing the reasoning of others Reason mathematically, and prepare for high stakes assessments Move learning beyond "correctness" by valuing mistakes and discourse and encouraging a growth mindset From trusted authors and experts Eric Milou and John SanGiovanni, this teacher-friendly resource will give you all the tools and tips you need to reinvent those critical first five or ten minutes of math class for the better!
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1544316941
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Book Description
"Too often, middle school and high school teachers say, ‘These students are lacking number sense.’ These books will help secondary teachers with good pedagogy to help build number sense in a creative way. Eric Milou and John SanGiovanni have created short routines that are teacher-friendly, with lots of examples, and easy to adapt to each teacher’s needs. These are the books that secondary teachers have been waiting for to help engage students in building number sense." Pamela J. Dombrowski, Secondary Math Specialist Geary County School District Junction City, KS Kickstart your high school math class! Do your students need more opportunities do develop number sense and reasoning? Are you looking to get your students energized and talking about mathematics? Have you wondered how practical, replicable, and engaging activities would complement your mathematics instruction? This guide answers the question "What could I do differently?" Taking cues from popular number sense and reasoning routines, this book gives you the rundown on how to engage in five different daily 5–10 minute routines, all of which include content-specific examples, extensions, and variations of each for algebra, functions, geometry, and data analysis. Video demonstrations allow you to see the routines in action and the book includes a year’s worth of daily instructional material that you can use to begin each class period. The routines in this book will help students Frequently revisit essential mathematical concepts Foster and shore up conceptual understanding Engage in mental mathematics, leading to efficiency and fluency Engage in mathematical discourse by constructing viable arguments and critiquing the reasoning of others Reason mathematically, and prepare for high stakes assessments Move learning beyond "correctness" by valuing mistakes and discourse and encouraging a growth mindset From trusted authors and experts Eric Milou and John SanGiovanni, this teacher-friendly resource will give you all the tools and tips you need to reinvent those critical first five or ten minutes of math class for the better!
Daily Routines to Jump-Start Math Class, Elementary School
Author: John J. SanGiovanni
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 154437495X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
Do your students need more practice to develop number sense and reasoning? Are you looking to engage your students with activities that are uncomplicated, worthwhile, and doable? Have you had success with number talks but do your students crave more variety? Have you ever thought, "What can I do differently?" Swap out traditional warmup practices and captivate your elementary students with these new, innovative, and ready-to-go routines! Trusted elementary math expert John J. SanGiovanni details 20 classroom-proven practice routines to help you ignite student engagement, reinforce learning, and prepare students for the lesson ahead. Each quick and lively activity spurs mathematics discussion and provides a structure for talking about numbers, number concepts, and number sense. Designed to jump-start mathematics reasoning in any elementary classroom, the routines are: Rich with content-specific examples and extensions Modifiable to work with math content at any K-5 grade level Compatible with any textbook or core mathematics curriculum Practical, easy-to-implement, and flexible for use as a warm-up or other activity Accompanied by online slides and video demonstrations, the easy 5–10 minute routines become your go-to materials for a year’s work of daily plug-and-play short-burst reasoning and fluency instruction that reinforces learning and instills mathematics confidence in students. Students’ brains are most ready to learn in the first few minutes of math class. Give math practice routines a makeover in your classroom with these 20 meaningful and energizing warmups for learning crucial mathematics skills and concepts, and make every minute count.
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 154437495X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
Do your students need more practice to develop number sense and reasoning? Are you looking to engage your students with activities that are uncomplicated, worthwhile, and doable? Have you had success with number talks but do your students crave more variety? Have you ever thought, "What can I do differently?" Swap out traditional warmup practices and captivate your elementary students with these new, innovative, and ready-to-go routines! Trusted elementary math expert John J. SanGiovanni details 20 classroom-proven practice routines to help you ignite student engagement, reinforce learning, and prepare students for the lesson ahead. Each quick and lively activity spurs mathematics discussion and provides a structure for talking about numbers, number concepts, and number sense. Designed to jump-start mathematics reasoning in any elementary classroom, the routines are: Rich with content-specific examples and extensions Modifiable to work with math content at any K-5 grade level Compatible with any textbook or core mathematics curriculum Practical, easy-to-implement, and flexible for use as a warm-up or other activity Accompanied by online slides and video demonstrations, the easy 5–10 minute routines become your go-to materials for a year’s work of daily plug-and-play short-burst reasoning and fluency instruction that reinforces learning and instills mathematics confidence in students. Students’ brains are most ready to learn in the first few minutes of math class. Give math practice routines a makeover in your classroom with these 20 meaningful and energizing warmups for learning crucial mathematics skills and concepts, and make every minute count.
Number Sense Routines
Author: Jessica F. Shumway
Publisher: Stenhouse Publishers
ISBN: 1571107908
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 194
Book Description
Just as athletes stretch their muscles before every game and musicians play scales to keep their technique in tune, mathematical thinkers and problem solvers can benefit from daily warm-up exercises. Jessica Shumway has developed a series of routines designed to help young students internalize and deepen their facility with numbers. The daily use of these quick five-, ten-, or fifteen-minute experiences at the beginning of math class will help build students' number sense. Students with strong number sense understand numbers, ways to represent numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems. They make reasonable estimates, compute fluently, use reasoning strategies (e.g., relate operations, such as addition and subtraction, to each other), and use visual models based on their number sense to solve problems. Students who never develop strong number sense will struggle with nearly all mathematical strands, from measurement and geometry to data and equations. In Number Sense Routines, Jessica shows that number sense can be taught to all students. Dozens of classroom examples -- including conversations among students engaging in number sense routines -- illustrate how the routines work, how children's number sense develops, and how to implement responsive routines. Additionally, teachers will gain a deeper understanding of the underlying math -- the big ideas, skills, and strategies children learn as they develop numerical literacy.
Publisher: Stenhouse Publishers
ISBN: 1571107908
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 194
Book Description
Just as athletes stretch their muscles before every game and musicians play scales to keep their technique in tune, mathematical thinkers and problem solvers can benefit from daily warm-up exercises. Jessica Shumway has developed a series of routines designed to help young students internalize and deepen their facility with numbers. The daily use of these quick five-, ten-, or fifteen-minute experiences at the beginning of math class will help build students' number sense. Students with strong number sense understand numbers, ways to represent numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems. They make reasonable estimates, compute fluently, use reasoning strategies (e.g., relate operations, such as addition and subtraction, to each other), and use visual models based on their number sense to solve problems. Students who never develop strong number sense will struggle with nearly all mathematical strands, from measurement and geometry to data and equations. In Number Sense Routines, Jessica shows that number sense can be taught to all students. Dozens of classroom examples -- including conversations among students engaging in number sense routines -- illustrate how the routines work, how children's number sense develops, and how to implement responsive routines. Additionally, teachers will gain a deeper understanding of the underlying math -- the big ideas, skills, and strategies children learn as they develop numerical literacy.
Productive Math Struggle
Author: John J. SanGiovanni
Publisher: Corwin
ISBN: 1544369433
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
All students face struggle, and they should—it is how they learn and grow. The teacher’s job is not to remove struggle, but rather to value and harness it, helping students develop good habits of productive struggle. But what’s missing for many educators is an action plan for how to achieve this, especially when it comes to math. This book guides teachers through six specific actions—including valuing, fostering, building, planning, supporting, and reflecting on struggle—to create a game plan for overcoming obstacles by sharing · Actionable steps, activities, and tools for implementation · Instructional tasks representative of each grade level · Real-world examples showcasing classroom photos and student work
Publisher: Corwin
ISBN: 1544369433
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
All students face struggle, and they should—it is how they learn and grow. The teacher’s job is not to remove struggle, but rather to value and harness it, helping students develop good habits of productive struggle. But what’s missing for many educators is an action plan for how to achieve this, especially when it comes to math. This book guides teachers through six specific actions—including valuing, fostering, building, planning, supporting, and reflecting on struggle—to create a game plan for overcoming obstacles by sharing · Actionable steps, activities, and tools for implementation · Instructional tasks representative of each grade level · Real-world examples showcasing classroom photos and student work
Teaching Mathematics in Grades 6 - 12
Author: Randall E. Groth
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1452256020
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 513
Book Description
Teaching Mathematics in Grades 6 - 12 by Randall E. Groth explores how research in mathematics education can inform teaching practice in grades 6-12. The author shows preservice mathematics teachers the value of being a "researcher—constantly experimenting with methods for developing students' mathematical thinking—and connecting this research to practices that enhance students' understanding of the material. Ultimately, preservice teachers will gain a deeper understanding of the types of mathematical knowledge students bring to school, and how students' thinking may develop in response to different teaching strategies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1452256020
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 513
Book Description
Teaching Mathematics in Grades 6 - 12 by Randall E. Groth explores how research in mathematics education can inform teaching practice in grades 6-12. The author shows preservice mathematics teachers the value of being a "researcher—constantly experimenting with methods for developing students' mathematical thinking—and connecting this research to practices that enhance students' understanding of the material. Ultimately, preservice teachers will gain a deeper understanding of the types of mathematical knowledge students bring to school, and how students' thinking may develop in response to different teaching strategies.
Divided We Fall
Author: Haynes Johnson
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 9780393313062
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 450
Book Description
Nationwide, Americans faced the legacy of the Reagan '80s with a skepticism that colored their attitudes about politicians and the political system itself. Yet people were eager to take on the challenge of the '90s. Johnson urges us to join together, face the challenge of change and take the brave gamble to reclaim the American Dream.
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 9780393313062
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 450
Book Description
Nationwide, Americans faced the legacy of the Reagan '80s with a skepticism that colored their attitudes about politicians and the political system itself. Yet people were eager to take on the challenge of the '90s. Johnson urges us to join together, face the challenge of change and take the brave gamble to reclaim the American Dream.
Number Talks
Author: Sherry Parrish
Publisher: Math Solutions
ISBN: 1935099116
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Book Description
"A multimedia professional learning resource"--Cover.
Publisher: Math Solutions
ISBN: 1935099116
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Book Description
"A multimedia professional learning resource"--Cover.
Open Middle Math
Author: Robert Kaplinsky
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003839886
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
This book is an amazing resource for teachers who are struggling to help students develop both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding.. --Dr. Margaret (Peg) Smith, co-author of5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions Robert Kaplinsky, the co-creator of Open Middle math problems, brings hisnew class of tasks designed to stimulate deeper thinking and lively discussion among middle and high school students in Open Middle Math: Problems That Unlock Student Thinking, Grades 6-12. The problems are characterized by a closed beginning,- meaning all students start with the same initial problem, and a closed end,- meaning there is only one correct or optimal answer. The key is that the middle is open- in the sense that there are multiple ways to approach and ultimately solve the problem. These tasks have proven enormously popular with teachers looking to assess and deepen student understanding, build student stamina, and energize their classrooms. Professional Learning Resource for Teachers: Open Middle Math is an indispensable resource for educators interested in teaching student-centered mathematics in middle and high schools consistent with the national and state standards. Sample Problems at Each Grade: The book demonstrates the Open Middle concept with sample problems ranging from dividing fractions at 6th grade to algebra, trigonometry, and calculus. Teaching Tips for Student-Centered Math Classrooms: Kaplinsky shares guidance on choosing problems, designing your own math problems, and teaching for multiple purposes, including formative assessment, identifying misconceptions, procedural fluency, and conceptual understanding. Adaptable and Accessible Math: The tasks can be solved using various strategies at different levels of sophistication, which means all students can access the problems and participate in the conversation. Open Middle Math will help math teachers transform the 6th -12th grade classroom into an environment focused on problem solving, student dialogue, and critical thinking.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003839886
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
This book is an amazing resource for teachers who are struggling to help students develop both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding.. --Dr. Margaret (Peg) Smith, co-author of5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions Robert Kaplinsky, the co-creator of Open Middle math problems, brings hisnew class of tasks designed to stimulate deeper thinking and lively discussion among middle and high school students in Open Middle Math: Problems That Unlock Student Thinking, Grades 6-12. The problems are characterized by a closed beginning,- meaning all students start with the same initial problem, and a closed end,- meaning there is only one correct or optimal answer. The key is that the middle is open- in the sense that there are multiple ways to approach and ultimately solve the problem. These tasks have proven enormously popular with teachers looking to assess and deepen student understanding, build student stamina, and energize their classrooms. Professional Learning Resource for Teachers: Open Middle Math is an indispensable resource for educators interested in teaching student-centered mathematics in middle and high schools consistent with the national and state standards. Sample Problems at Each Grade: The book demonstrates the Open Middle concept with sample problems ranging from dividing fractions at 6th grade to algebra, trigonometry, and calculus. Teaching Tips for Student-Centered Math Classrooms: Kaplinsky shares guidance on choosing problems, designing your own math problems, and teaching for multiple purposes, including formative assessment, identifying misconceptions, procedural fluency, and conceptual understanding. Adaptable and Accessible Math: The tasks can be solved using various strategies at different levels of sophistication, which means all students can access the problems and participate in the conversation. Open Middle Math will help math teachers transform the 6th -12th grade classroom into an environment focused on problem solving, student dialogue, and critical thinking.
Classroom-Ready Rich Math Tasks, Grades 4-5
Author: Beth McCord Kobett
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1071841068
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 348
Book Description
Detailed plans for helping elementary students experience deep mathematical learning Do you work tirelessly to make your math lessons meaningful, challenging, accessible, and engaging? Do you spend hours you don’t have searching for, adapting, and creating tasks to provide rich experiences for your students that supplement your mathematics curriculum? Help has arrived! Classroom Ready-Rich Math Tasks for Grades 4-5 details more than 50 research- and standards-aligned, high-cognitive-demand tasks that will have your students doing deep-problem-based learning. These ready-to-implement, engaging tasks connect skills, concepts and practices, while encouraging students to reason, problem-solve, discuss, explore multiple solution pathways, connect multiple representations, and justify their thinking. They help students monitor their own thinking and connect the mathematics they know to new situations. In other words, these tasks allow students to truly do mathematics! Written with a strengths-based lens and an attentiveness to all students, this guide includes: • Complete task-based lessons, referencing mathematics standards and practices, vocabulary, and materials • Downloadable planning tools, student resource pages, and thoughtful questions, and formative assessment prompts • Guidance on preparing, launching, facilitating, and reflecting on each task • Notes on access and equity, focusing on students’ strengths, productive struggle, and distance or alternative learning environments. With concluding guidance on adapting or creating additional rich tasks for your students, this guide will help you give all of your students the deepest, most enriching and engaging mathematics learning experience possible.
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1071841068
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 348
Book Description
Detailed plans for helping elementary students experience deep mathematical learning Do you work tirelessly to make your math lessons meaningful, challenging, accessible, and engaging? Do you spend hours you don’t have searching for, adapting, and creating tasks to provide rich experiences for your students that supplement your mathematics curriculum? Help has arrived! Classroom Ready-Rich Math Tasks for Grades 4-5 details more than 50 research- and standards-aligned, high-cognitive-demand tasks that will have your students doing deep-problem-based learning. These ready-to-implement, engaging tasks connect skills, concepts and practices, while encouraging students to reason, problem-solve, discuss, explore multiple solution pathways, connect multiple representations, and justify their thinking. They help students monitor their own thinking and connect the mathematics they know to new situations. In other words, these tasks allow students to truly do mathematics! Written with a strengths-based lens and an attentiveness to all students, this guide includes: • Complete task-based lessons, referencing mathematics standards and practices, vocabulary, and materials • Downloadable planning tools, student resource pages, and thoughtful questions, and formative assessment prompts • Guidance on preparing, launching, facilitating, and reflecting on each task • Notes on access and equity, focusing on students’ strengths, productive struggle, and distance or alternative learning environments. With concluding guidance on adapting or creating additional rich tasks for your students, this guide will help you give all of your students the deepest, most enriching and engaging mathematics learning experience possible.
Number Sense Routines
Author: Jessica Shumway
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 100383986X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 150
Book Description
Following up her' best-selling book, Number Sense Routines: Building Numerical Literacy Every Day in Grades K-3, Jessica Shumway turns her focus to upper elementary classrooms. Number Sense Routines: Developing Mathematical Understanding Every Day in Grades 3-5 is about tapping into every child' s innate number sense and providing daily, connected experiences that are responsive to children's learning needs. Consistent, Daily Routines Work:' Adaptable to any curriculum, Shumway' s 5, 10, or 15 minute warm-up routines are an easy and effective way to build and solidify students' number sense foundations as a supplement to any program Planning and Facilitating Your Classroom:' No matter how familiar the routine, Shumway provides insight on how to keep daily warm-ups fresh. She reveals careful thinking and planning that goes into each routine and offers detailed vignettes and dialogues of how they unfold in real classrooms Assessment Strategies:' As students engage in the process, each routine becomes an exciting opportunity to gain insight into where they are in their understanding and help students articulate their mathematical thinking Identify Big Ideas: Not only will these math routines help develop students' mathematical understanding as they move towards using standard algorithms, but teachers will learn to better recognize the big ideas that emerge in discussions, how to encourage important strategies based in number sense, and how to facilitate conversations on key mathematical concepts. ' 'These routines may appear in other places, [but] I have never seen them written in such detail and with so many variations.. . .. Although she makes what she does sound easy, we all know that teaching math well is anything but easy. It is challenging and complex. Unpacking what students are saying, helping them make connections not only to the math but to each other's ideas, while simultaneously recording their ideas using mathematical models, visuals, or equations is no easy task. Jessica provides wonderful visuals, examples of student work, and so much more to help educators develop the tools they need to improve their practice and in so doing improve student learning. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' – From the Foreword by math coach and consultant Lucy West
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 100383986X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 150
Book Description
Following up her' best-selling book, Number Sense Routines: Building Numerical Literacy Every Day in Grades K-3, Jessica Shumway turns her focus to upper elementary classrooms. Number Sense Routines: Developing Mathematical Understanding Every Day in Grades 3-5 is about tapping into every child' s innate number sense and providing daily, connected experiences that are responsive to children's learning needs. Consistent, Daily Routines Work:' Adaptable to any curriculum, Shumway' s 5, 10, or 15 minute warm-up routines are an easy and effective way to build and solidify students' number sense foundations as a supplement to any program Planning and Facilitating Your Classroom:' No matter how familiar the routine, Shumway provides insight on how to keep daily warm-ups fresh. She reveals careful thinking and planning that goes into each routine and offers detailed vignettes and dialogues of how they unfold in real classrooms Assessment Strategies:' As students engage in the process, each routine becomes an exciting opportunity to gain insight into where they are in their understanding and help students articulate their mathematical thinking Identify Big Ideas: Not only will these math routines help develop students' mathematical understanding as they move towards using standard algorithms, but teachers will learn to better recognize the big ideas that emerge in discussions, how to encourage important strategies based in number sense, and how to facilitate conversations on key mathematical concepts. ' 'These routines may appear in other places, [but] I have never seen them written in such detail and with so many variations.. . .. Although she makes what she does sound easy, we all know that teaching math well is anything but easy. It is challenging and complex. Unpacking what students are saying, helping them make connections not only to the math but to each other's ideas, while simultaneously recording their ideas using mathematical models, visuals, or equations is no easy task. Jessica provides wonderful visuals, examples of student work, and so much more to help educators develop the tools they need to improve their practice and in so doing improve student learning. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' – From the Foreword by math coach and consultant Lucy West