Cycle Helmet Effectiveness in New Zealand PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Cycle Helmet Effectiveness in New Zealand PDF full book. Access full book title Cycle Helmet Effectiveness in New Zealand by L. J. Povey. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: L. J. Povey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bicycle helmets
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: L. J. Povey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bicycle helmets
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Sixten Nolén
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9173738328
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
Get Book Here
Book Description
Background: From the perspective of what is called "vision zero" in Sweden, fatalities and injuries among bicyclists are unacceptable. Despite that, bicyclists constitutes approximately one third of all road user inpatients in Swedish hospitals, which is about the same proportion seen for drivers and passengers of motor vehicles. There are too many bicycle-related head injuries, but the risk of such traumas could be reduced considerably by the use of helmets. Bicycle helmet wearing can be increased by voluntary means, for instance by long-term community-based helmet promotion programs. However, the best effect has been achieved by combining promotion with a compulsory helmet law for all bicyclists, as has been done in Australia, New Zealand, and North America Aim: The general aim of the research underlying this dissertation was to provide further information about the need for increased bicycle helmet use in Sweden, and to determine what measures can lead to more widespread helmet wearing. The four papers included addressed two main questions: (1) What is the need for increased helmet wearing among different categories of bicyclists in Sweden? (2) Is a non-compulsory local bicycle helmet law a realistic alternative to a mandatory helmet law for all bicyclists? Materials and methods: Observational studies of helmet use by bicyclists in Sweden were conducted once a year (average n = 37,031/year) during the period 1988-2002 (paper I). The general trend in observed helmet wearing in different categories of bicyclists was analyzed by linear regression, and the results were used to predict future trends in helmet wearing. Three studies (papers II-IV) were also performed to evaluate a non-compulsory local bicycle helmet "law" in Motala municipality during the study period 1995 to 1998 (papers II-IV). This law was introduced in 1996 and applies specifically to school children (ages 6-12 years), although the intention is to increase helmet use among all bicyclists. Adoption of the law was accompanied by helmet promotion activities. In one of the studies in the evaluation, written material and in-depth interviews (n=8) were analyzed qualitatively to describe the process and structure of development of the Motala helmet law. The other two studies used a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of the helmet law: one comprised annual observations of helmet wearing among bicyclists in Motala (average n=2,458/year) and control areas (average n=17,818/year); and the other included questionnaire data on attitudes, beliefs, and self-reported behavior of school children in Motala (n=1,277) and control areas (n=2,198). The average response rate was 72.8%. Results and discussion: There was a significant upward trend in helmet use in all categories of bicyclists from 1988 to 2002. Helmet wearing increased from 20% to 35% among children(? 10 years) riding bikes in their leisure time, from 5% to 33% among school children, and from 2% to 14% in adults. Total average helmet use rose from 4% to 17%. However, during the last five years of the study period (1998-2002), there was no upward trend in helmet wearing for any of the categories of bicyclists. If the historic trend in helmet use continues, the average wearing rate will be about 30% by the year 2010. The Motala helmet law was dogged by several problems, mainly during the initiation phase, and some of them led to poor rooting of the law in the schools and indistinct roles and responsibilities of the municipal actors. Despite that, the law initially led to a significant increase in helmet wearing among the primary target group (school children), from a pre-law level of 65% to about 76% six months post-law, whereas thereafter the wearing rate gradually decreased and was at the pre-law level 2 ½ years after the law was adopted. Nonetheless, a weak but significant effect on adult bicyclists remained: the pre-law level of about 2% rose to about 8% at the end of the study period. Only about 10% of bicyclists on bike paths in Motala wore helmets 2 ½ years post-law. The questionnaire study showed one significant effect on school children in Motala two years post-law, namely, a stronger intention to ride bicycles if a national compulsory helmet law was introduced. There was, however, no significant long-term influence on children's attitudes or beliefs about helmet wearing, which agrees with the results of the observational study. General conclusions: It is indeed necessary to increase bicycle helmet wearing in Sweden. Both the current average rate of helmet use and the rate predicted for the near future are far from the goal of 80% that was officially proposed by several years ago. Previous research has shown that, to achieve substantial and sustained bicycle helmet use, it is necessary to use helmet promotion in combination with a national helmet law that is compulsory and applies to all bicyclists. The present evaluation of the non-compulsory local helmet law in Motala indicated that this type of initiative is not a powerful alternative to a mandatory national helmet law. Nevertheless, much has been learned from the initiation and implementation of this local action.
Author: Marjorie Peden
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437904068
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 67
Get Book Here
Book Description
Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.
Author: Bart Depreitere
Publisher: Leuven University Press
ISBN: 9789058673756
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Get Book Here
Book Description
"This is a Ph.D. dissertation. In western countries, head injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. While traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death under the age of 45 years, up to half of the trauma deaths and the majority of cases of permanent disability are directly related to a sustained head injury. In the U.S. an estimated 1.5 million people sustain head injury each year. As a result of these injuries, 50,000 people die, 230,000 people are hospitalized and survive and an estimated 80,000 - 90,000 people experience long-term disability. Contents include: Introduction, Aims of the Study, Analysis of Bicycle Accidents and the Resultant Head Injuries in a Study of 86 cases, Investigations on the Mechanics of Skull and Brain Injuries, Investigation of Bicycle Safety Helmet Performance in Impact Testing, General Discussion and Perspectives."
Author: Edwin B. Fisher
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0387938265
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1132
Get Book Here
Book Description
Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine A Global Handbook Edwin B. Fisher, Linda D. Cameron, Alan J. Christensen, Ulrike Ehlert, Brian Oldenburg, Frank J. Snoek and Yan Guo This definitive handbook brings together an international array of experts to present the broad, cells-to-society perspectives of behavioral medicine that complement conventional models of health, health care, and prevention. In addition to applications to assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and management, contributors offer innovative prevention and health promotion strategies informed by current knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways of behavior change. Its range of conceptual and practical topics illustrates the central role of behavior in health at the individual, family, community, and population levels, and its increasing importance to person-centered care. The broad perspectives on risk (e.g., stress, lifestyle), management issues (e.g., adherence, social support), and overarching concerns (e.g., inequities, health policy) makes this reference uniquely global as it addresses the following core areas: · The range of relationships and pathways between behavior and health. · Knowing in behavioral medicine; epistemic foundations. · Key influences on behavior and the relationships among behavior, health, and illness. · Approaches to changing behavior related to health. · Key areas of application in prevention and disease management. · Interventions to improve quality of life. · The contexts of behavioral medicine science and practice. Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine opens out the contemporary world of behavior and health to enhance the work of behavioral medicine specialists, health psychologists, public health professionals and policymakers, as well as physicians, nurses, social workers and those in many other fields of health practice around the world.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 684
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Robert Hurst
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0762751975
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Get Book Here
Book Description
The bicyclist is under attack from all directions - the streets are ragged, the air is poison, and the drivers are angry. As if that weren't enough, the American cyclist must carry the weight of history along on every ride. After a brief heyday at the turn of the twentieth century, American cyclists fell out of the social consciousness, becoming an afterthought when our cities were planned and built. Cyclists today are left to navigate, like rats in a sewer, through a hard and unsympathetic world that was not made for them. Yet, with the proper attitude and a bit of knowledge, cyclists can thrive in this hostile environment. Covering much more than just riding a bike in traffic, author Robert Hurst paints, in uncanny detail, the challenges, strategies, and art of riding a bike on America's modern streets and roadways. The Art of Cycling dismantles the bicycling experience and slides it under the microscope, piece by piece. Its primary concern is safety, but this book goes well beyond the usual tips and how-to, diving in to the realms of history, psychology, sociology, and economics.
Author: Merry Royles
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bicycle helmets
Languages : en
Pages : 20
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264106316
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Get Book Here
Book Description
Tragically, one child out of every 2100 will die before their fifteenth birthday in a road-related incident. This book provides the latest statistics on children’s injuries, fatalities and trends in transport. and examines the most effective current strategies for improving children's road safety.
Author: Rune Elvik
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1848552505
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 1137
Get Book Here
Book Description
Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.
