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Author: Samuel A. Hambleton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030014045
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
The objective of this book is to provide tools for solving problems which involve cubic number fields. Many such problems can be considered geometrically; both in terms of the geometry of numbers and geometry of the associated cubic Diophantine equations that are similar in many ways to the Pell equation. With over 50 geometric diagrams, this book includes illustrations of many of these topics. The book may be thought of as a companion reference for those students of algebraic number theory who wish to find more examples, a collection of recent research results on cubic fields, an easy-to-understand source for learning about Voronoi’s unit algorithm and several classical results which are still relevant to the field, and a book which helps bridge a gap in understanding connections between algebraic geometry and number theory. The exposition includes numerous discussions on calculating with cubic fields including simple continued fractions of cubic irrational numbers, arithmetic using integer matrices, ideal class group computations, lattices over cubic fields, construction of cubic fields with a given discriminant, the search for elements of norm 1 of a cubic field with rational parametrization, and Voronoi's algorithm for finding a system of fundamental units. Throughout, the discussions are framed in terms of a binary cubic form that may be used to describe a given cubic field. This unifies the chapters of this book despite the diversity of their number theoretic topics.
Author: Samuel A. Hambleton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030014045
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 503
Get Book Here
Book Description
The objective of this book is to provide tools for solving problems which involve cubic number fields. Many such problems can be considered geometrically; both in terms of the geometry of numbers and geometry of the associated cubic Diophantine equations that are similar in many ways to the Pell equation. With over 50 geometric diagrams, this book includes illustrations of many of these topics. The book may be thought of as a companion reference for those students of algebraic number theory who wish to find more examples, a collection of recent research results on cubic fields, an easy-to-understand source for learning about Voronoi’s unit algorithm and several classical results which are still relevant to the field, and a book which helps bridge a gap in understanding connections between algebraic geometry and number theory. The exposition includes numerous discussions on calculating with cubic fields including simple continued fractions of cubic irrational numbers, arithmetic using integer matrices, ideal class group computations, lattices over cubic fields, construction of cubic fields with a given discriminant, the search for elements of norm 1 of a cubic field with rational parametrization, and Voronoi's algorithm for finding a system of fundamental units. Throughout, the discussions are framed in terms of a binary cubic form that may be used to describe a given cubic field. This unifies the chapters of this book despite the diversity of their number theoretic topics.
Author: Tim Browning
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030868729
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
The Hardy–Littlewood circle method was invented over a century ago to study integer solutions to special Diophantine equations, but it has since proven to be one of the most successful all-purpose tools available to number theorists. Not only is it capable of handling remarkably general systems of polynomial equations defined over arbitrary global fields, but it can also shed light on the space of rational curves that lie on algebraic varieties. This book, in which the arithmetic of cubic polynomials takes centre stage, is aimed at bringing beginning graduate students into contact with some of the many facets of the circle method, both classical and modern. This monograph is the winner of the 2021 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize, a prestigious award for books of expository nature presenting the latest developments in an active area of research in mathematics.
Author: V. I. Arnold
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139493442
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
V. I. Arnold reveals some unexpected connections between such apparently unrelated theories as Galois fields, dynamical systems, ergodic theory, statistics, chaos and the geometry of projective structures on finite sets. The author blends experimental results with examples and geometrical explorations to make these findings accessible to a broad range of mathematicians, from undergraduate students to experienced researchers.
Author: Álvaro Lozano-Robledo
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 147045016X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Geometry and the theory of numbers are as old as some of the oldest historical records of humanity. Ever since antiquity, mathematicians have discovered many beautiful interactions between the two subjects and recorded them in such classical texts as Euclid's Elements and Diophantus's Arithmetica. Nowadays, the field of mathematics that studies the interactions between number theory and algebraic geometry is known as arithmetic geometry. This book is an introduction to number theory and arithmetic geometry, and the goal of the text is to use geometry as the motivation to prove the main theorems in the book. For example, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic is a consequence of the tools we develop in order to find all the integral points on a line in the plane. Similarly, Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity and the theory of continued fractions naturally arise when we attempt to determine the integral points on a curve in the plane given by a quadratic polynomial equation. After an introduction to the theory of diophantine equations, the rest of the book is structured in three acts that correspond to the study of the integral and rational solutions of linear, quadratic, and cubic curves, respectively. This book describes many applications including modern applications in cryptography; it also presents some recent results in arithmetic geometry. With many exercises, this book can be used as a text for a first course in number theory or for a subsequent course on arithmetic (or diophantine) geometry at the junior-senior level.
Author: Henning Stichtenoth
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540768785
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This book links two subjects: algebraic geometry and coding theory. It uses a novel approach based on the theory of algebraic function fields. Coverage includes the Riemann-Rock theorem, zeta functions and Hasse-Weil's theorem as well as Goppa' s algebraic-geometric codes and other traditional codes. It will be useful to researchers in algebraic geometry and coding theory and computer scientists and engineers in information transmission.
Author: Miles Reid
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521356626
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Algebraic geometry is, essentially, the study of the solution of equations and occupies a central position in pure mathematics. This short and readable introduction to algebraic geometry will be ideal for all undergraduate mathematicians coming to the subject for the first time. With the minimum of prerequisites, Dr Reid introduces the reader to the basic concepts of algebraic geometry including: plane conics, cubics and the group law, affine and projective varieties, and non-singularity and dimension. He is at pains to stress the connections the subject has with commutative algebra as well as its relation to topology, differential geometry, and number theory. The book arises from an undergraduate course given at the University of Warwick and contains numerous examples and exercises illustrating the theory.
Author: Igor V. Dolgachev
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139560786
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 653
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Book Description
Algebraic geometry has benefited enormously from the powerful general machinery developed in the latter half of the twentieth century. The cost has been that much of the research of previous generations is in a language unintelligible to modern workers, in particular, the rich legacy of classical algebraic geometry, such as plane algebraic curves of low degree, special algebraic surfaces, theta functions, Cremona transformations, the theory of apolarity and the geometry of lines in projective spaces. The author's contemporary approach makes this legacy accessible to modern algebraic geometers and to others who are interested in applying classical results. The vast bibliography of over 600 references is complemented by an array of exercises that extend or exemplify results given in the book.
Author: Rick Miranda
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 0821802682
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
In this book, Miranda takes the approach that algebraic curves are best encountered for the first time over the complex numbers, where the reader's classical intuition about surfaces, integration, and other concepts can be brought into play. Therefore, many examples of algebraic curves are presented in the first chapters. In this way, the book begins as a primer on Riemann surfaces, with complex charts and meromorphic functions taking centre stage. But the main examples come fromprojective curves, and slowly but surely the text moves toward the algebraic category. Proofs of the Riemann-Roch and Serre Dualtiy Theorems are presented in an algebraic manner, via an adaptation of the adelic proof, expressed completely in terms of solving a Mittag-Leffler problem. Sheaves andcohomology are introduced as a unifying device in the later chapters, so that their utility and naturalness are immediately obvious. Requiring a background of one term of complex variable theory and a year of abstract algebra, this is an excellent graduate textbook for a second-term course in complex variables or a year-long course in algebraic geometry.
Author: Christian J.-C. Ballot
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031372387
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Although the Lucas sequences were known to earlier investigators such as Lagrange, Legendre and Genocchi, it is because of the enormous number and variety of results involving them, revealed by Édouard Lucas between 1876 and 1880, that they are now named after him. Since Lucas’ early work, much more has been discovered concerning these remarkable mathematical objects, and the objective of this book is to provide a much more thorough discussion of them than is available in existing monographs. In order to do this a large variety of results, currently scattered throughout the literature, are brought together. Various sections are devoted to the intrinsic arithmetic properties of these sequences, primality testing, the Lucasnomials, some associated density problems and Lucas’ problem of finding a suitable generalization of them. Furthermore, their application, not only to primality testing, but also to integer factoring, efficient solution of quadratic and cubic congruences, cryptography and Diophantine equations are briefly discussed. Also, many historical remarks are sprinkled throughout the book, and a biography of Lucas is included as an appendix.Much of the book is not intended to be overly detailed. Rather, the objective is to provide a good, elementary and clear explanation of the subject matter without too much ancillary material. Most chapters, with the exception of the second and the fourth, will address a particular theme, provide enough information for the reader to get a feel for the subject and supply references to more comprehensive results. Most of this work should be accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of elementary number theory and abstract algebra. The book’s intended audience is number theorists, both professional and amateur, students and enthusiasts.
Author: Alain Connes
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 1470450453
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 810
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Book Description
The unifying theme of this book is the interplay among noncommutative geometry, physics, and number theory. The two main objects of investigation are spaces where both the noncommutative and the motivic aspects come to play a role: space-time, where the guiding principle is the problem of developing a quantum theory of gravity, and the space of primes, where one can regard the Riemann Hypothesis as a long-standing problem motivating the development of new geometric tools. The book stresses the relevance of noncommutative geometry in dealing with these two spaces. The first part of the book deals with quantum field theory and the geometric structure of renormalization as a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. It also presents a model of elementary particle physics based on noncommutative geometry. The main result is a complete derivation of the full Standard Model Lagrangian from a very simple mathematical input. Other topics covered in the first part of the book are a noncommutative geometry model of dimensional regularization and its role in anomaly computations, and a brief introduction to motives and their conjectural relation to quantum field theory. The second part of the book gives an interpretation of the Weil explicit formula as a trace formula and a spectral realization of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. This is based on the noncommutative geometry of the adèle class space, which is also described as the space of commensurability classes of Q-lattices, and is dual to a noncommutative motive (endomotive) whose cyclic homology provides a general setting for spectral realizations of zeros of L-functions. The quantum statistical mechanics of the space of Q-lattices, in one and two dimensions, exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the low-temperature regime, the equilibrium states of the corresponding systems are related to points of classical moduli spaces and the symmetries to the class field theory of the field of rational numbers and of imaginary quadratic fields, as well as to the automorphisms of the field of modular functions. The book ends with a set of analogies between the noncommutative geometries underlying the mathematical formulation of the Standard Model minimally coupled to gravity and the moduli spaces of Q-lattices used in the study of the zeta function.
