Author: Frank M. Drop
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832543546
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 303
Get Book Here
Book Description
Understanding how humans control a vehicle (cars, aircraft, bicycles, etc.) enables engineers to design faster, safer, more comfortable, more energy efficient, more versatile, and thus better vehicles. In a typical control task, the Human Controller (HC) gives control inputs to a vehicle such that it follows a particular reference path (e.g., the road) accurately. The HC is simultaneously required to attenuate the effect of disturbances (e.g., turbulence) perturbing the intended path of the vehicle. To do so, the HC can use a control organization that resembles a closed-loop feedback controller, a feedforward controller, or a combination of both. Previous research has shown that a purely closed-loop feedback control organization is observed only in specific control tasks, that do not resemble realistic control tasks, in which the information presented to the human is very limited. In realistic tasks, a feedforward control strategy is to be expected; yet, almost all previously available HC models describe the human as a pure feedback controller lacking the important feedforward response. Therefore, the goal of the research described in this thesis was to obtain a fundamental understanding of feedforward in human manual control. First, a novel system identification method was developed, which was necessary to identify human control dynamics in control tasks involving realistic reference signals. Second, the novel identification method was used to investigate three important aspects of feedforward through human-in-the-loop experiments which resulted in a control-theoretical model of feedforward in manual control. The central element of the feedforward model is the inverse of the vehicle dynamics, equal to the theoretically ideal feedforward dynamics. However, it was also found that the HC is not able to apply a feedforward response with these ideal dynamics, and that limitations in the perception, cognition, and action loop need to be modeled by additional model elements: a gain, a time delay, and a low-pass filter. Overall, the thesis demonstrated that feedforward is indeed an essential part of human manual control behavior and should be accounted for in many human-machine applications.
Author: Frank M. Drop
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832593810
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 303
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: John C. Doyle
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486318338
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Get Book Here
Book Description
An excellent introduction to feedback control system design, this book offers a theoretical approach that captures the essential issues and can be applied to a wide range of practical problems. Its explorations of recent developments in the field emphasize the relationship of new procedures to classical control theory, with a focus on single input and output systems that keeps concepts accessible to students with limited backgrounds. The text is geared toward a single-semester senior course or a graduate-level class for students of electrical engineering. The opening chapters constitute a basic treatment of feedback design. Topics include a detailed formulation of the control design program, the fundamental issue of performance/stability robustness tradeoff, and the graphical design technique of loopshaping. Subsequent chapters extend the discussion of the loopshaping technique and connect it with notions of optimality. Concluding chapters examine controller design via optimization, offering a mathematical approach that is useful for multivariable systems.
Author: Lino Marques
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031591674
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 573
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Diane Cleij
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832550445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 306
Get Book Here
Book Description
Humans always wanted to go faster and higher than their own legs could carry them. This led them to invent numerous types of vehicles to move fast over land, water and air. As training how to handle such vehicles and testing new developments can be dangerous and costly, vehicle motion simulators were invented. Motion-based simulators in particular, combine visual and physical motion cues to provide occupants with a feeling of being in the real vehicle. While visual cues are generally not limited in amplitude, physical cues certainly are, due to the limited simulator motion space. A motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is used to map the vehicle motions onto the simulator motion space. This mapping inherently creates mismatches between the visual and physical motion cues. Due to imperfections in the human perceptual system, not all visual/physical cueing mismatches are perceived. However, if a mismatch is perceived, it can impair the simulation realism and even cause simulator sickness. For MCA design, a good understanding of when mismatches are perceived, and ways to prevent these from occurring, are therefore essential. In this thesis a data-driven approach, using continuous subjective measures of the time-varying Perceived Motion Incongruence (PMI), is adopted. PMI in this case refers to the effect that perceived mismatches between visual and physical motion cues have on the resulting simulator realism. The main goal of this thesis was to develop an MCA-independent off-line prediction method for time-varying PMI during vehicle motion simulation, with the aim of improving motion cueing quality. To this end, a complete roadmap, describing how to measure and model PMI and how to apply such models to predict and minimize PMI in motion simulations is presented. Results from several human-in-the-loop experiments are used to demonstrate the potential of this novel approach.
Author: Karl Johan Åström
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 069121347X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The essential introduction to the principles and applications of feedback systems—now fully revised and expanded This textbook covers the mathematics needed to model, analyze, and design feedback systems. Now more user-friendly than ever, this revised and expanded edition of Feedback Systems is a one-volume resource for students and researchers in mathematics and engineering. It has applications across a range of disciplines that utilize feedback in physical, biological, information, and economic systems. Karl Åström and Richard Murray use techniques from physics, computer science, and operations research to introduce control-oriented modeling. They begin with state space tools for analysis and design, including stability of solutions, Lyapunov functions, reachability, state feedback observability, and estimators. The matrix exponential plays a central role in the analysis of linear control systems, allowing a concise development of many of the key concepts for this class of models. Åström and Murray then develop and explain tools in the frequency domain, including transfer functions, Nyquist analysis, PID control, frequency domain design, and robustness. Features a new chapter on design principles and tools, illustrating the types of problems that can be solved using feedback Includes a new chapter on fundamental limits and new material on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and root locus plots Provides exercises at the end of every chapter Comes with an electronic solutions manual An ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students Indispensable for researchers seeking a self-contained resource on control theory
Author: James Clark
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1387057200
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Get Book Here
Book Description
Controlled atmosphere infrared furnace setup, operation, theory and troubleshooting for 2014-2017 LCI model LA-306 model Lab furnaces with PLC. IR thermal processing. Includes LCI refurbished RTC LA-306 furnaces.
Author: Steven A. Frank
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319917072
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Get Book Here
Book Description
This open access Brief introduces the basic principles of control theory in a concise self-study guide. It complements the classic texts by emphasizing the simple conceptual unity of the subject. A novice can quickly see how and why the different parts fit together. The concepts build slowly and naturally one after another, until the reader soon has a view of the whole. Each concept is illustrated by detailed examples and graphics. The full software code for each example is available, providing the basis for experimenting with various assumptions, learning how to write programs for control analysis, and setting the stage for future research projects. The topics focus on robustness, design trade-offs, and optimality. Most of the book develops classical linear theory. The last part of the book considers robustness with respect to nonlinearity and explicitly nonlinear extensions, as well as advanced topics such as adaptive control and model predictive control. New students, as well as scientists from other backgrounds who want a concise and easy-to-grasp coverage of control theory, will benefit from the emphasis on concepts and broad understanding of the various approaches. Electronic codes for this title can be downloaded from https://extras.springer.com/?query=978-3-319-91707-8
Author: Gilles Pourtois
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889190927
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Get Book Here
Book Description
Traditionally, cognition and emotion are seen as separate domains that are independent at best and in competition at worst. The French scientist and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) famously said “Le coeur a ses raisons que la raison ne connaît point” (The heart has its reasons that reason does not know). Over the last century, however, psychologists and neuroscientists have increasingly appreciated their very strong reciprocal connections and interactions. Initially this was demonstrated in cognitive functions such as attention, learning and memory, and decision making. For instance, an emotional stimulus captures attention (e.g., Anderson & Phelps, 2001). Likewise, emotional stimuli are better learned and remembered than neutral ones (e.g., McGaugh, 1990) and they can provide strong incentives to bias decision making (Bechara et al., 1997). In more recent years, cognitive control has also been found to be intimately intertwined with emotion. This is consistent with an approach that considers cognitive control as an adaptive learning process (Braver & Cohen, 1999), reinforcement learning in particular (Holroyd & Coles, 2002; Verguts & Notebaert, 2009). From this perspective, cognitive control is not a cool encapsulated executive function, but instead involves rapidly calculating the value of situational, contextual, and action cues (Rushworth & Behrens, 2008) for the purpose of adapting the cognitive system toward future optimal performance. A wide array of research has shed light on cognitive control and its interactions with affect or motivation. Behaviorally, important phenomena include how people respond to difficult stimuli (e.g., incongruent stimuli, task switches), negative feedback, or errors and how this influences subsequent task processing. Neurally, an important target structure has been the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its connections to traditional “emotional” (e.g., amygdala) and “cognitive” areas (e.g., (pre)motor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). ACC seems to play a predominant role in integrating distant effects from remote cognitive and emotion systems in order to guide and optimize behavior. The current special issue focuses on the bi-directional link between emotion and cognitive control. We invite studies that investigate the influence from emotion on cognitive control, or vice versa, the influence of cognitive control on emotion. Contributions can be of different types: We welcome empirical contributions (behavioral or neuroscientific) but also computational modeling, theory, or review papers. By bringing together researchers from the traditionally separated domains, we hope to further stimulate the crosstalk between emotion and cognitive control, and thus to deepen our understanding of both.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Get Book Here
Book Description
