Concentrated Nitric Acid Production from Ammonia - Cost Analysis - NA E21A PDF Download
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Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Concentrated Nitric Acid (99 wt%) production from ammonia. The process examined comprises two integrated units: a typical Medium Pressure process for weak nitric acid production; and a typical Sulfuric Acid concentration process for Concentrated Nitric Acid (99 wt%) production. In this process, ammonia is initially oxidized to nitric oxide at medium pressure (4 - 6 bar abs). The nitric oxide is oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, and absorbed (at the same pressure) by water producing 65 wt% Nitric Acid. Then, weak nitric acid (65 wt%) is concentrated up to 99 wt% Nitric Acid by extractive distillation using sulfuric acid as dehydrating agent. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Nitric Acid, Ostwald Process, Single Pressure, Medium Pressure, Ammonia Absorption, HNO3, Sulfuric Acid Process, Strong Nitric Acid, Dehydration
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Concentrated Nitric Acid (99 wt%) production from ammonia. The process examined comprises two integrated units: a typical Medium Pressure process for weak nitric acid production; and a typical Sulfuric Acid concentration process for Concentrated Nitric Acid (99 wt%) production. In this process, ammonia is initially oxidized to nitric oxide at medium pressure (4 - 6 bar abs). The nitric oxide is oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, and absorbed (at the same pressure) by water producing 65 wt% Nitric Acid. Then, weak nitric acid (65 wt%) is concentrated up to 99 wt% Nitric Acid by extractive distillation using sulfuric acid as dehydrating agent. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Nitric Acid, Ostwald Process, Single Pressure, Medium Pressure, Ammonia Absorption, HNO3, Sulfuric Acid Process, Strong Nitric Acid, Dehydration
Author: Jan A Delcour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857095781
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Consumers are increasingly seeking foods that are rich in dietary fibre and wholegrains, but are often unwilling to compromise on sensory quality. Fibre-rich and wholegrain food reviews key research and best industry practice in the development of fibre-enriched and wholegrain products that efficiently meet customer requirements.Part one introduces the key issues surrounding the analysis, definition, regulation and health claims associated with dietary fibre and wholegrain foods. The links between wholegrain foods and health, the range of fibre dietary ingredients and a comparison of their technical functionality are discussed, as are consumption and consumer challenges of wholegrain foods. Part two goes on to explore dietary fibre sources, including wheat and non-wheat cereal dietary fibre ingredients, vegetable, fruit and potato fibres. Improving the quality of fibre-rich and wholegrain foods, including such cereal products as wholegrain bread, muffins, pasta and noodles, is the focus of part three. Fibre in extruded products is also investigated before part four reviews quality improvement of fibre-enriched dairy products, meat products, seafood, beverages and snack foods. Companion animal nutrition as affected by dietary fibre inclusion is discussed, before the book concludes with a consideration of soluble and insoluble fibre in infant nutrition.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Fibre-rich and wholegrain foods provides a comprehensive guide to the field for researchers working in both the food industry and academia, as well as all those involved in the development, production and use of fibre-enriched and wholegrain foods. - Reviews key research and best industry practice in the development of fibre-enriched and wholegrain products - Considers analysis, definition, regulation and health claims associated with dietary fibre and wholegrain foods - Explores sources of dietary fibre including: wheat and non-wheat cereal, vegetable, fruit and potato fibres
Author: Raffaele De Caterina
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128045876
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dredging
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
This document is intended to serve as a consistent "roadmap" for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel in evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged amterial management alternatives. Specifically, its major objectives are to provide: A general technical framwork for evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged material management, alternatives (open-water disposal, confined (diked) disposal, and beneficial uses). Additional technical guidance to augment present implementation and testing manuals for addressing the environmental acceptability of available management options for the discharge of dredged material in both ope water and confined sites. Enhanced consistency and coordination in USAC/EPA decision making in accordance with Federal environmantl statutes regulating dredged material management.
Author: Daniel C. Harris
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
ISBN: 131904803X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 998
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Book Description
The gold standard in analytical chemistry, Dan Harris’ Quantitative Chemical Analysis provides a sound physical understanding of the principles of analytical chemistry and their applications in the disciplines
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Author: Gavin Towler
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080966608
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1321
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Book Description
Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
Author: Subhes C. Bhattacharyya
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 1447174682
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 854
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Book Description
This book provides an updated and expanded overview of basic concepts of energy economics and explains how simple economic tools can be used to analyse contemporary energy issues in the light of recent developments, such as the Paris Agreement, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and new technological developments in the production and use of energy. The new edition is divided into four parts covering concepts, issues, markets, and governance. Although the content has been thoroughly revised and rationalised to reflect the current state of knowledge, it retains the main features of the first edition, namely accessibility, research-informed presentation, and extensive use of charts, tables and worked examples. This easily accessible reference book allows readers to gain the skills required to understand and analyse complex energy issues from an economic perspective. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers in the field of energy economics, as well as interested readers with an interdisciplinary background.
Author: Michael W. Shannon
Publisher: Saunders
ISBN: 9780721606934
Category : Drugs
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This edition is a reference for information related to the clinical management of children and adults whose health has been effected or potentially effected by toxic agents, including drugs, environmental threats, and natural toxins.
Author: Octave Levenspiel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047125424X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : de
Pages : 689
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Book Description
Chemical reaction engineering is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on a commercial scale. It's goal is the successful design and operation of chemical reactors. This text emphasizes qualitative arguments, simple design methods, graphical procedures, and frequent comparison of capabilities of the major reactor types. Simple ideas are treated first, and are then extended to the more complex.
