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Author: Jeff Shrager
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
This collection reports on recent advances in the study of scientific discovery and theory formation based on the computational techniques of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
Author: Jeff Shrager
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
This collection reports on recent advances in the study of scientific discovery and theory formation based on the computational techniques of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
Author: Paul Thagard
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
ISBN: 9780262017282
Category : Bilim- Felsefe
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Thagard examines scientific development from the interdisciplinary perspective of cognitive science. Cognitive science combines insights from: philosophers analyze historical cases, psychologists carry out behavioral experiments, neuroscientists perform brain scans, and computer modelers write programs that simulate thought processes.
Author: Paul Thagard
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262700481
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
By applying research in artificial intelligence to problems in the philosophy of science, Paul Thagard develops an exciting new approach to the study of scientific reasoning. This approach uses computational ideas to shed light on how scientific theories are discovered, evaluated, and used in explanations. Thagard describes a detailed computational model of problem solving and discovery that provides a conceptually rich yet rigorous alternative to accounts of scientific knowledge based on formal logic, and he uses it to illuminate such topics as the nature of concepts, hypothesis formation, analogy, and theory justification.
Author: Peter Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Jan Zytkow
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401721246
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
Human and machine discovery are gradual problem-solving processes of searching large problem spaces for incompletely defined goal objects. Research on problem solving has usually focused on searching an `instance space' (empirical exploration) and a `hypothesis space' (generation of theories). In scientific discovery, searching must often extend to other spaces as well: spaces of possible problems, of new or improved scientific instruments, of new problem representations, of new concepts, and others. This book focuses especially on the processes for finding new problem representations and new concepts, which are relatively new domains for research on discovery. Scientific discovery has usually been studied as an activity of individual investigators, but these individuals are positioned in a larger social structure of science, being linked by the `blackboard' of open publication (as well as by direct collaboration). Even while an investigator is working alone, the process is strongly influenced by knowledge and skills stored in memory as a result of previous social interactions. In this sense, all research on discovery, including the investigations on individual processes discussed in this book, is social psychology, or even sociology.
Author: Morton Ann Gernsbacher
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131770844X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1305
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Book Description
This volume features the complete text of the material presented at the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. As in previous years, the symposium included an interesting mixture of papers on many topics from researchers with diverse backgrounds and different goals, presenting a multifaceted view of cognitive science. This volume contains papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the leading conference that brings cognitive scientists together to discuss issues of theoretical and applied concern. Submitted presentations are represented in these proceedings as "long papers" (those presented as spoken presentations and "full posters" at the conference) and "short papers" (those presented as "abstract posters" by members of the Cognitive Science Society).
Author: Saso Dzeroski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354073919X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
This survey provides an introduction to computational approaches to the discovery of communicable scientific knowledge and details recent advances. It is partly inspired by the contributions of the International Symposium on Computational Discovery of Communicable Knowledge, held in Stanford, CA, USA in March 2001, a number of additional invited contributions provide coverage of recent research in computational discovery.
Author: Paul Thagard
Publisher: Mit Press
ISBN: 9780262200684
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
By applying research in artificial intelligence to problems in the philosophy of science, Paul Thagard develops an exciting new approach to the study of scientific reasoning. He uses computational ideas to shed light on how scientific theories are discovered, evaluated, and used in explanations. He describes a detailed computational model of problem solving and discovery that provides a conceptually rich yet rigorous alternative to accounts of scientific knowledge based on formal logic. The model is used to illuminate such topics as the nature of concepts, hypothesis formation, analogy, and theory justification.Following a critique of the alternative account of scientific development offered by evolutionary epistemology, Thagard discusses philosophical issues concerning reasoning, truth, and the justification of scientific methods. He applies his general conclusions about science and pseudoscience to the fields of psychology and artificial intelligence, and explores the potential relevance of computational models to our understanding of the interrelations of theory and experiment and of the importance of group rationality in science."Computational Philosophy of Science" has been made accessible to readers from different disciplines through an appendix that includes tutorials on essential philosophical, computational, and psychological topics.Paul Thagard is a research scientist at the Princeton University Cognitive Science Laboratory. He is coauthor, with John H. Holland, Keith J. Holyoak, and Richard E. Nisbett, of "Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery (MIT Press/Bradford Books). A Bradford Book.
Author: Mark Addis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030237699
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.
Author: L. Magnani
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402007125
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Information technology has been, in recent years, under increasing commercial pressure to provide devices and systems which help/ replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure requires the use of logic as the underlying foundational workhorse of the area. New logics were developed as the need arose and new foci and balance has evolved within logic itself. One aspect of these new trends in logic is the rising impor tance of model based reasoning. Logics have become more and more tailored to applications and their reasoning has become more and more application dependent. In fact, some years ago, I myself coined the phrase "direct deductive reasoning in application areas", advocating the methodology of model-based reasoning in the strongest possible terms. Certainly my discipline of Labelled Deductive Systems allows to bring "pieces" of the application areas as "labels" into the logic. I therefore heartily welcome this important book to Volume 25 of the Applied Logic Series and see it as an important contribution in our overall coverage of applied logic.
