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Author: Fernando Martins C. Coelho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the oil and gas industry, “flow assurance” incorporates the efforts to prevent inadvertent disruptions to the hydrocarbon flow from the wells to processing facilities. It is a reference to the study of both organic and inorganic deposits that may hinder production. Such deposits are mainly formed by scale, hydrate, asphaltene, and wax. This dissertation enhances the modeling of flow-assurance issues within a single platform—UTWELL, a wellbore simulator developed at The University of Texas at Austin. Scales result from mineral precipitation due to changes in pressure and temperature along the water flow, inherent to any gas/oil production. This research focuses on how water evaporation and CO2 affect scaling tendencies in an oil well. The results demonstrate that evaporation is only relevant for very a small amount of water in the system, characteristic of the early stages of production. Additionally, the model shows that gas lift can increase mineral precipitation depending on the CO2 content from the injected gas. Hydrates are ice-like solids formed under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions that are commonly found in an oilfield. Hydrate formation can be inhibited either by dissolved ions (electrolytes) in the produced water or by deliberate injection of chemicals. This research develops a hydrate-check model to verify formation conditions along the flow. The integration with a geochemical package (PHREEQC) provides the tools to consider electrolyte inhibition, and a newly included equation of state (CPA) assesses the inhibition effect from added glycols (and alcohols). The model predicts that when gas-water ratio (GWR) exceeds 105 scf/STB, water condensation reduces electrolyte inhibition significantly. On asphaltenes, this research also discusses two prediction methods: a consolidated model from Li and Firoozabadi (2010), using a simplified version of the cubic-plus-association equation of state (CPA EoS); and a newly proposed version of a solid model, based on the Peng-Robinson EoS. It is shown that, if provided with adequate onset data, the solid model can match results from the CPA model quite successfully, while requiring only half the computational time. However, the solid model cannot adjust to composition changes in the same manner as CPA. Therefore, its adoption seems more suitable for wellbore simulation than in the reservoir, where fluid mixing is widespread
Author: Fernando Martins C. Coelho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the oil and gas industry, “flow assurance” incorporates the efforts to prevent inadvertent disruptions to the hydrocarbon flow from the wells to processing facilities. It is a reference to the study of both organic and inorganic deposits that may hinder production. Such deposits are mainly formed by scale, hydrate, asphaltene, and wax. This dissertation enhances the modeling of flow-assurance issues within a single platform—UTWELL, a wellbore simulator developed at The University of Texas at Austin. Scales result from mineral precipitation due to changes in pressure and temperature along the water flow, inherent to any gas/oil production. This research focuses on how water evaporation and CO2 affect scaling tendencies in an oil well. The results demonstrate that evaporation is only relevant for very a small amount of water in the system, characteristic of the early stages of production. Additionally, the model shows that gas lift can increase mineral precipitation depending on the CO2 content from the injected gas. Hydrates are ice-like solids formed under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions that are commonly found in an oilfield. Hydrate formation can be inhibited either by dissolved ions (electrolytes) in the produced water or by deliberate injection of chemicals. This research develops a hydrate-check model to verify formation conditions along the flow. The integration with a geochemical package (PHREEQC) provides the tools to consider electrolyte inhibition, and a newly included equation of state (CPA) assesses the inhibition effect from added glycols (and alcohols). The model predicts that when gas-water ratio (GWR) exceeds 105 scf/STB, water condensation reduces electrolyte inhibition significantly. On asphaltenes, this research also discusses two prediction methods: a consolidated model from Li and Firoozabadi (2010), using a simplified version of the cubic-plus-association equation of state (CPA EoS); and a newly proposed version of a solid model, based on the Peng-Robinson EoS. It is shown that, if provided with adequate onset data, the solid model can match results from the CPA model quite successfully, while requiring only half the computational time. However, the solid model cannot adjust to composition changes in the same manner as CPA. Therefore, its adoption seems more suitable for wellbore simulation than in the reservoir, where fluid mixing is widespread
Author: Bhajan Lal
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031242319
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
This book is useful to flow assurance engineers, students, and industries who wish to be flow assurance authorities in the twenty-first-century oil and gas industry. The use of digital or artificial intelligence methods in flow assurance has increased recently to achieve fast results without any thorough training effectively. Generally, flow assurance covers all risks associated with maintaining the flow of oil and gas during any stage in the petroleum industry. Flow assurance in the oil and gas industry covers the anticipation, limitation, and/or prevention of hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, and corrosion during operation. Flow assurance challenges mostly lead to stoppage of production or plugs, damage to pipelines or production facilities, economic losses, and in severe cases blowouts and loss of human lives. A combination of several chemical and non-chemical techniques is mostly used to prevent flow assurance issues in the industry. However, the use of models to anticipate, limit, and/or prevent flow assurance problems is recommended as the best and most suitable practice. The existing proposed flow assurance models on hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, and corrosion management are challenged with accuracy and precision. They are not also limited by several parametric assumptions. Recently, machine learning methods have gained much attention as best practices for predicting flow assurance issues. Examples of these machine learning models include conventional approaches such as artificial neural network, support vector machine (SVM), least square support vector machine (LSSVM), random forest (RF), and hybrid models. The use of machine learning in flow assurance is growing, and thus, relevant knowledge and guidelines on their application methods and effectiveness are needed for academic, industrial, and research purposes. In this book, the authors focus on the use and abilities of various machine learning methods in flow assurance. Initially, basic definitions and use of machine learning in flow assurance are discussed in a broader scope within the oil and gas industry. The rest of the chapters discuss the use of machine learning in various flow assurance areas such as hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, scale, and corrosion. Also, the use of machine learning in practical field applications is discussed to understand the practical use of machine learning in flow assurance.
Author: Juan J. Manzano-Ruiz
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119888530
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Multiphase Transport of Hydrocarbons in Pipes An introduction to multiphase flows in the oil and gas industry The term ‘multiphase flow’ refers to the concurrent flow of oil and/or gas, alongside other substances or materials such as production water, chemical inhibitors, and solids (e.g. sand). This is a critical topic in the oil and gas industry, where the presence of multiple flow phases in pipelines affects deliverability, generates serious complications in predicting flow performance for system design and operation, and requires specific risk mitigation actions and continuous maintenance. Chemical and Mechanical Engineers interested in working in this industry will benefit from understanding the basic theories and practices required to model and operate multiphase flows through pipelines, wells, and other components of the production system. Multiphase Transport of Hydrocarbons in Pipes meets this need with a comprehensive overview of five decades of research into multiphase flow. Incorporating fundamental theories, historic and cutting-edge multiphase flow models, and concrete examples of current and future applications. This book provides a sound technical background for prospective or working engineers in need of understanding this crucial area of industry. Readers will also find: Fundamental principles supporting commercial software Detailed tools for estimating multiphase flow rates through flowlines, wells, and more Integration of conservation principles with thermodynamic and transport properties Coverage of legacy and modern simulation models This book is ideal for flow assurance engineers, facilities engineers, oil and gas production engineers, and process engineers, as well as chemical and mechanical engineering students looking to work in any of these roles.
Author: Taras Y. Makogon
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0128130636
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Handbook of Multiphase Flow Assurance allows readers to progress in their understanding of basic phenomena and complex operating challenges. The book starts with the fundamentals, but then goes on to discuss phase behavior, fluid sampling, fluid flow properties and fluid characterization. It also covers flow assurance impedance, deliverability, stability and integrity issues, as well as hydraulic, thermal and risk analysis. The inclusion of case studies and references helps provide an industrial focus and practical application that makes the book a novel resource for flow assurance management and an introductory reference for engineers just entering the field of flow assurance. - Starts with flow assurance fundamentals, but also includes more complex operating challenges - Brings together cross-disciplinary discussions and solutions of flow assurance in a single text - Offers case studies and reference guidelines for practical applications
Author: Saeid Mokhatab
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323993893
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Flow Assurance in Pipelines: A Reference Guide is a comprehensive resource that delivers applied modeling and management engineering approaches that are supported by a helpful appendix of today's computer software programs for practical application. Many environmental factors and solutions are offered, including produced water disposal, GHG emissions at plants, and commissioning issues during dewatering operations. Supported by impactful flow charts and practical case studies, this book gives pipeline engineers a resource for sustainable and more advanced operations. - Helps readers understand engineering practices and operations in flow stability, integrity, and deliverability - Provides tactics on how to improve environmental safety with mitigation on GHG emissions from topsides and processing plants, as well as prevention around flaring during blowdown - Presents impactful flow charts and case studies in several key chapters
Author: Jon Steinar Gudmundsson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351733168
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
The precipitation and deposition of solids are a major challenge in the production of oil and gas. Flow assurance solids are formed because of unavoidable changes in temperature, pressure and composition of the oil-gas-water flowstream, from reservoir conditions to processing conditions. The advent of subsea production and the increased exploitation of heavy crudes have made flow assurance issues dominant in ensuring efficient and safe exploitation of hydrocarbon assets. Five troublesome flow assurance solids are described in the book: asphaltene, paraffin wax, natural gas hydrate, naphthenate and inorganic scale. These big-five solids are presented in stand-alone chapters. Each chapter is designed to be readable without clutter. Derivations of equations and descriptions of supporting details are given in several appendices. The book is intended for professional engineers and natural scientist working in E&P companies, engineering companies, service companies and specialized companies. An understanding of the big-five solids is required throughout the lifetime of oil and gas assets, from early development to abandonment. The technical, safety and environmental risks associated with deposition problems in near-wellbore formations, production tubing, wellhead equipment, flowlines and processing facilities, are relevant for decisions in the oil and gas industry and in outside regulatory and financial entities.
Author: Qiwei Wang
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0128232587
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 803
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Book Description
Petroleum engineers search through endless sources to understand oil and gas chemicals, find problems, and discover solutions while operations are becoming more unconventional and driving towards more sustainable practices. The Oil and Gas Chemistry Management Series brings an all-inclusive suite of tools to cover all the sectors of oil and gas chemicals from drilling to production, processing, storage, and transportation. The second reference in the series, Flow Assurance, delivers the critical chemical oilfield basics while also covering latest research developments and practical solutions. Organized by the type of problems and mitigation methods, this reference allows the engineer to fully understand how to effectively control chemistry issues, make sound decisions, and mitigate challenges ahead. Basics include root cause, model prediction and laboratory simulation of the major chemistry related challenges during oil and gas productions, while more advanced discussions cover the chemical and non-chemical mitigation strategies for more efficient, safe and sustainable operations. Supported by a list of contributing experts from both academia and industry, Flow Assurance brings a necessary reference to bridge petroleum chemistry operations from theory into safer and cost-effective practical applications. Offers full range of oilfield production chemistry issues, including chapters focused on hydrate and organic deposition control, liquid blockage mitigation, and abiotic and microbially influenced corrosion prevention Gain effective control on problems and mitigation strategies from industry list of experts and contributors Delivers both up to date research developments and practical applications, bridging between theory and practice
Author: Tobias R. Gessner
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031398505
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
The book is intended for practicing engineers in the oil industry, researchers, and graduate students interested in designing and simulating offshore hydrocarbon production systems. It approaches offshore oil production systems from an integrated perspective that combines the modeling of thermophysical properties of reservoir fluids and their flow as a multiphase mixture in wellbores, flow lines, and risers. The first part of the book presents an internally consistent method to compute the critical parameters and acentric factor of Single Carbon Number (SCN) fractions of petroleum mixtures using state-of-the-art multivariate fitting techniques. The procedure is illustrated and validated using flash and differential liberation data from actual field samples. In the second part of the book, mechanistic multiphase flow models are discussed in light of their ability to predict the pressure, temperature, and phase holdup of production fluids in wellbores, flow lines, and risers. Multivariate fitting procedures are again applied to evaluate the sensitivity of the results with respect to closure relationship parameters, such as slug body gas holdup, wall shear stress, and wall roughness in pipelines and production tubing. Finally, the modeling framework is validated using actual field data from offshore production wells.
Author: Carolyn Ann Koh
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 185617946X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
With millions of kilometres of onshore and offshore oil and gas pipelines in service around the world, pipelines are the life's blood of the world. Notorious for disrupting natural gas production or transmission, the formation of natural gas hydrates can cost a company hundreds of millions and lead to catastrophic equipment breakdowns and safety and health hazards. Written by an international group of experts, Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance provide an expert overview of the practice and theory in natural gas hydrates, with applications primarily in flow assurance. Compact and easy to use, the book provides readers with a wealth of materials which include the key lessons learned in the industry over the last 20 years. Packed with field case studies, the book is designed to provide hands-on training and practice in calculating hydrate phase equilibria and plug dissociation. In addition readers receive executable programs to calculate hydrate thermodynamics. - Case studies of hydrates in flow assurance - The key concepts underlying the practical applications - An overview of the state of the art flow assurance industrial developments
Author: Zhenyu Huang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466567678
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field Practices covers the entire spectrum of knowledge on wax deposition. The book delivers a detailed description of the thermodynamic and transport theories for wax deposition modeling as well as a comprehensive review of laboratory testing for the establishment of appropr
