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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Languages : en
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1282

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Author: Elisa Bertino
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 476

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Book Description
This tutorial guide to intelligent database systems uses advanced techniques to represent or manipulate knowledge and data. It illustrates ways in which techniques developed in expert (or knowledge-based) systems may be integrated with conventional relational or object-oriented database systems.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Author: Wendy A. Warr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical structure
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Drug discovery; Intellectual property protection; Molecular structures; Measuring chemical diversity; DIVERSOMER technology; Chemical libraries, etc...

Author: Daphne A. Kenyon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781558442337
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The use of property tax incentives for business by local governments throughout the United States has escalated over the last 50 years. While there is little evidence that these tax incentives are an effective instrument to promote economic development, they cost state and local governments $5 to $10 billion each year in forgone revenue. Three major obstacles can impede the success of property tax incentives as an economic development tool. First, incentives are unlikely to have a significant impact on a firm's profitability since property taxes are a small part of the total costs for most businesses--averaging much less than 1 percent of total costs for the U.S. manufacturing sector. Second, tax breaks are sometimes given to businesses that would have chosen the same location even without the incentives. When this happens, property tax incentives merely deplete the tax base without promoting economic development. Third, widespread use of incentives within a metropolitan area reduces their effectiveness, because when firms can obtain similar tax breaks in most jurisdictions, incentives are less likely to affect business location decisions. This report reviews five types of property tax incentives and examines their characteristics, costs, and effectiveness: property tax abatement programs; tax increment finance; enterprise zones; firm-specific property tax incentives; and property tax exemptions in connection with issuance of industrial development bonds. Alternatives to tax incentives should be considered by policy makers, such as customized job training, labor market intermediaries, and business support services. State and local governments also can pursue a policy of broad-based taxes with low tax rates or adopt split-rate property taxation with lower taxes on buildings than land.State policy makers are in a good position to increase the effectiveness of property tax incentives since they control how local governments use them. For example, states can restrict the use of incentives to certain geographic areas or certain types of facilities; publish information on the use of property tax incentives; conduct studies on their effectiveness; and reduce destructive local tax competition by not reimbursing local governments for revenue they forgo when they award property tax incentives.Local government officials can make wiser use of property tax incentives for business and avoid such incentives when their costs exceed their benefits. Localities should set clear criteria for the types of projects eligible for incentives; limit tax breaks to mobile facilities that export goods or services out of the region; involve tax administrators and other stakeholders in decisions to grant incentives; cooperate on economic development with other jurisdictions in the area; and be clear from the outset that not all businesses that ask for an incentive will receive one.Despite a generally poor record in promoting economic development, property tax incentives continue to be used. The goal is laudable: attracting new businesses to a jurisdiction can increase income or employment, expand the tax base, and revitalize distressed urban areas. In a best case scenario, attracting a large facility can increase worker productivity and draw related firms to the area, creating a positive feedback loop. This report offers recommendations to improve the odds of achieving these economic development goals.

Author: Ingo Walter
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1783742968
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 130

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Book Description
Infrastructure and its effects on economic growth, social welfare, and sustainability receive a great deal of attention today. There is widespread agreement that infrastructure is a key dimension of global development and that its impact reaches deep into the broader economy with important and multifaceted implications for social progress. At the same time, infrastructure finance is among the most complex and challenging areas in the global financial architecture. Ingo Walter, Professor Emeritus of Finance, Corporate Governance and Ethics at the Stern School of Business, New York University, and his team of experts tackle the issue by focussing on key findings backed by serious theoretical and empirical research. The result is a set of viable guideposts for researchers, policy-makers, students and anybody interested in the varied challenges of the contemporary economy.

Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Genetic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 450

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Author: Jeffrey A. Hoffer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780133405682
Category : Database management
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Focusing on the topics that leading database practitioners say are most important, Essentials of Database Management presents a concise overview designed to ensure practical success for database professionals. Built upon the strong foundation of Modern Database Management, currently in its eleventh edition, the new Essentials of Database Management is ideal for a less-detailed approach. Like its comprehensive counterpart, it guides readers into the future by presenting research that could reveal the "next big thing" in database management. And it features up-to-date coverage in the areas undergoing rapid change due to improved managerial practices, database design tools and methodologies, and database technology. KEY TOPICS: The Database Environment and Development Process; Modeling Data in the Organization; The Enhanced E-R Model; Logical Database Design and the Relational Model; Physical Database Design and Performance; Introduction to SQL; Advanced SQL; Database Application Development; Data Warehousing MARKET: Readers who want an up-to-date overview of database development and management.