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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
The report documents the first year of work on a four-year project titled Communicating Situation Awareness in Virtual Environments. Included in the report are references to the fifteen papers that were produced, and descriptions of eleven of the research projects that were started. In addition, there is a description of a workshop on virtual reality which was hosted at the University of Washington, and which was attended by 10 federal labs. Other work performed during the period and described in the report includes the conceptual and software development of a virtual world (the Towering Inferno) for performing experimental manipulations, and the detailed design of a virtual reality testbed. As a part of the infrastructure for this line of research, a knowledge base was also developed. This knowledge base is structured to be compatible with ongoing efforts for electronic storage and retrieval of information. Ten objectives of the research effort are detailed. The report provides substantive evidence that the project is on schedule, and making effective use of the available facilities and support.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
Get Book Here
Book Description
The report documents the first year of work on a four-year project titled Communicating Situation Awareness in Virtual Environments. Included in the report are references to the fifteen papers that were produced, and descriptions of eleven of the research projects that were started. In addition, there is a description of a workshop on virtual reality which was hosted at the University of Washington, and which was attended by 10 federal labs. Other work performed during the period and described in the report includes the conceptual and software development of a virtual world (the Towering Inferno) for performing experimental manipulations, and the detailed design of a virtual reality testbed. As a part of the infrastructure for this line of research, a knowledge base was also developed. This knowledge base is structured to be compatible with ongoing efforts for electronic storage and retrieval of information. Ten objectives of the research effort are detailed. The report provides substantive evidence that the project is on schedule, and making effective use of the available facilities and support.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Awareness
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Members of small dismounted units face growing responsibilities and challenges in both combined arms combat and in contingency operations. Field training for these diverse missions is limited by cost and environmental factors. Virtual environment (VE) technology offers a potential complement to other training methods to meet the rapidly changing requirements for military training. This report provides an assessment based on a review of the relevant research literature of the capability of VE technologies, and strategies for their use for training members of small dismounted units to acquire and maintain situational awareness. It summarizes the state of the art of research in the areas of situational awareness, team training VE technology, and instructional strategies for simulation based training. It identifies current and future challenges for providing situational awareness training to members of small dismounted units and makes recommendations for future research.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer simulation
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Author: Michael D. Matthews
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Awareness
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
The Mission Awareness Rating Scale (MARS), a subjective situation awareness (SA) rating scale designed to assess SA content and SA workload, was tested in a series of virtual environment exercises. Sixteen enlisted soldiers, working in teams of four soldiers each, completed four urban combat missions in a virtual night environment designed to simulate the experience of working with night vision goggles - NVG (PVS-7Bs) and aiming lights. In each scenario, a different approach for simulating this NVG environment was used. After each scenario was completed, each soldier completed the MARS instrument. This yielded estimates of the SA level and workload involved in four dimensions of SA - perception, understanding, projection, and knowing what decision to make. The results indicated that MARS significantly and rebustly discriminated among the different approaches, and these SA estimates were congruent with general estimates of SA content and workload while operating at night in the real world, and with the soldier's subjective rankings of the four simulated NVG environments. While promising, MARS must be validated against objective SA measures, both in the virtual environment and in the field environment. However, MARS seems to hold premise as a relatively unobtrusive and effective SA measure.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175119
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This book examines the human factors issues associated with the development, testing, and implementation of helmet-mounted display technology in the 21st Century Land Warrior System. Because the framework of analysis is soldier performance with the system in the full range of environments and missions, the book discusses both the military context and the characteristics of the infantry soldiers who will use the system. The major issues covered include the positive and negative effects of such a display on the local and global situation awareness of the individual soldier, an analysis of the visual and psychomotor factors associated with each design feature, design considerations for auditory displays, and physical sources of stress and the implications of the display for affecting the soldier's workload. The book proposes an innovative approach to research and testing based on a three-stage strategy that begins in the laboratory, moves to controlled field studies, and culminates in operational testing.
Author: Stephen Ellis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203221273
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 651
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Book Description
Advances in the quality and accessibility of computer graphics has provided new pictorial displays and the tools with which to control them. These new display technologies have focused interest on how to design the static and dynamic images they produce to ensure effective communication. This book, based on the conference on Spatial Displays and Spatial instruments held at the Asilomar Conference Centre in 1987, focuses on the geometry of this communication. It is intended to be a source book of theoretical analysis, experimental demonstrations and practical examples from a range of contributors interested in pictorial communication, from medical artists to astronauts. The book offers the theoretical background and practical guidance needed by designers of contemporary 2D and 3D graphical computer interfaces. Its major contribution lies in its outlining of the elements of human perception and motor control which underlie the geometric design of head-mounted graphics for virtual reality displays.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
Our paper describes the development and preliminary testing of three systems for unobtrusively measuring situation awareness (SA) during dismounted infantry squad-level exercises conducted with immersive Virtual Environment (VE) simulations. The SA measurement systems employ probes administered in the guise of normal radio communications, and systematic subjective ratings of squad leader behaviors and communications. Trials of the systems were conducted with three squads that differed in the experience level of the squad members and whether they had previously functioned together as intact squads. Results indicated that the measurement systems were unobtrusive and measured what they were designed to measure: squad leader SA. Ongoing modifications to the systems are described. Planned applications to other training domains are outlined.
Author: Kenneth Lamar Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
The present investigation sought to develop and field test two new behavioral measures of situation awareness (SA) that rated the content of small unit radio transmissions. Initially, a four-person team generated an item pool of 318 critical incidents of communication behavior, each intended to represent either an outstanding, typical, or poor level of SA on the part of small unit leaders. A group of 24 independent evaluators then rated the degree to which they thought each of the 318 items was related to the concept of SA. The 20 items having the highest levels of agreement among the independent evaluators within each SA level were chosen to comprise the Radio Communications Checklist of Leader Awareness (RCCOLA) and the Future Expectations of Likely Leader Awareness (FELLA) scale. Six field trials were then conducted with each of seven squad leaders and their respective squads. Based on their monitoring of squad and platoon radios, two independent raters completed separate RCCOLA checklists during each of the 42 total trials, as well as separate FELLA scales after the completion of each trial. Interrater agreement was generally high for both measures. Based on their methods of construction, we can also assume they possess some content-related validity.
Author: Ralph Schroeder
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402038984
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Avatars at Work and Play brings together contributions from leading social scientists and computer scientists who have conducted research on virtual environments used for collaboration and online gaming. They present a well-rounded and state-of-the-art overview of current applications of multi-user virtual environments, ranging from highly immersive virtual reality systems to internet-based virtual environments on personal computers. The volume is a follow-up to a previous essay collection, ‘The Social Life of Avatars’, which explored general issues in this field. This collection goes further, examining uses of shared virtual environments in practical settings such as scientific collaboration, distributed meetings, building models together, and others. It also covers online gaming in virtual environments, which has attracted hundreds of thousands of users and presents an opportunity for studying a myriad of social issues. Covering both ‘work’ and ‘play’, the volume brings together issues common to the two areas, including: What kind of avatar appearance is suitable for different kinds of interaction? How best to foster collaboration and promote usable shared virtual spaces? What kinds of activities work well in different types of virtual environments and systems?
Author: Mica Endsley
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420063588
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
The barrage of data overload is threatening the ability of people to effectively operate in a wide range of systems including aircraft cockpits and ground control stations, military command and control centers, intelligence operations, emergency management, medical systems, air traffic control centers, automobiles, financial and business manag
