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Author: Pierre Jaeglé
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0387299904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Extreme ultraviolet radiation, also referred to as soft X-rays or XUV, offers very special optical properties. The X-UV refractive index of matter is such that normal reflection cannot take place on polished surfaces whereas beam transmission through one micrometer of almost all materials reduces to zero. Therefore, it has long been a difficult task to imagine and to implement devices designed for complex optics experiments in this wavelength range. Thanks to new sources of coherent radiation - XUV-lasers and High Order Harmonics - the use of XUV radiation, for interferometry, holography, diffractive optics, non-linear radiation-matter interaction, time-resolved study of fast and ultrafast phenomena and many other applications, including medical sciences, is ubiquitous.
Author: Pierre Jaeglé
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0387299904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Extreme ultraviolet radiation, also referred to as soft X-rays or XUV, offers very special optical properties. The X-UV refractive index of matter is such that normal reflection cannot take place on polished surfaces whereas beam transmission through one micrometer of almost all materials reduces to zero. Therefore, it has long been a difficult task to imagine and to implement devices designed for complex optics experiments in this wavelength range. Thanks to new sources of coherent radiation - XUV-lasers and High Order Harmonics - the use of XUV radiation, for interferometry, holography, diffractive optics, non-linear radiation-matter interaction, time-resolved study of fast and ultrafast phenomena and many other applications, including medical sciences, is ubiquitous.
Author: David Gordon Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: Paul Thomas Epp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Federico Canova
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662474433
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
The book reviews the most recent achievements in optical technologies for XUV and X-ray coherent sources. Particular attention is given to free-electron-laser facilities, but also to other sources available at present, such as synchrotrons, high-order laser harmonics and X-ray lasers. The optical technologies relevant to each type of source are discussed. In addition, the main technologies used for photon handling and conditioning, namely multilayer mirrors, adaptive optics, crystals and gratings are explained. Experiments using coherent light received during the last decades a lot of attention for the X-ray regime. Strong efforts were taken for the realization of almost fully coherent sources, e.g. the free-electron lasers, both as independent sources in the femtosecond and attosecond regimes and as seeding sources for free-electron-lasers and X-ray gas lasers. In parallel to the development of sources, optical technologies for photon handling and conditioning of such coherent and intense X-ray beams advanced. New problems were faced for the realization of optical components of beamlines demanding to manage coherent X-ray photons, e.g. the preservation of coherence and time structure of ultra short pulses.
Author: Charles K. Rhodes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
High spectral brightness rare gas halogen (RGH) sources can be used to generate coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation by either harmonic generation mechanisms or direct multiquantum excitation of appropriate gain media. In order to demonstrate the basic characteristics of these two approaches, recent comparative measurements have been made. With the use of a 4 GW 193 nm (ArF*) system operating at a pulse duration of 10 ps, harmonic generation has been studied in several atomic and molecular media and used to generate 20 kW at 64.3 nm and 200 W at 38.6 nm. In addition, stimulated emission in molecular hydrogen on both the Lyman and Werner bands excited by two quantum absorption at 193 nm, has resulted in the generation of radiation as short as 117.6 nm at an efficiency of conversion approaching one percent. It has been concluded that the latter method is superior for the generation of short wavelength radiation. Extension of these results to both shorter wavelengths and higher power levels requires the ultraviolet. Recent studies of collision-free multiply-charged ion production with irradiation at 193 nm point to an anomalously strong coupling to high Z materials with processes involving as many as 99 quanta being observed. These multiquantum processes in the 40 - 80 eV rane in certain atomic systems can be generated with existing laser instrumentation. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 1470
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Book Description
Author: Charles K. Rhodes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Studies of multiphoton ionization of atoms have revealed several unexpected characteristics. The confluence of the experimental evidence leads to the hypothesis that the basic character of the atomic response involves highly organized, coherent motions of entire atomic shells. The important regime, for which the radiative field strength E is greater than an atomic unit, can be viewed in approximate correspondence with the physics of fast atom-atom scattering. This physical picture provides a basis for the expectation that stimulation emission in the x-ray range can be produced by direct highly nonlinear coupling of ultraviolet radiation to atoms. Keywords: Ions, Multiphoton, Photons.
Author: Hirofumi Sakai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Author: Michaela Kozlová
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030354539
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
These proceedings gather a selection of invited and contributed papers presented during the 16th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers (ICXRL 2018), held in Prague, Czech Republic, from 7 to 12 October 2018. The conference is part of an ongoing series dedicated to recent developments in the science and technology of X-ray lasers and other coherent X-ray sources, with an additional focus on supporting technologies, instrumentation and applications. The book highlights advances in a wide range of fields including laser and discharge-pumped plasma X-ray lasers, the injection and seeding of X-ray amplifiers, high-order harmonic generation and ultrafast phenomena, X-ray free electron lasers, novel schemes for (in)coherent XUV, X-ray and γ-ray generation, XUV and X-ray imaging, optics and metrology, X-rays and γ-rays for fundamental science, the practical implementation of X-ray lasers, XFELs and super-intense lasers, and the applications and industrial uses of X-ray lasers.
Author: Klaus D. Sattler
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000698270
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
This up-to-date reference is the most comprehensive summary of the field of nanoscience and its applications. It begins with fundamental properties at the nanoscale and then goes well beyond into the practical aspects of the design, synthesis, and use of nanomaterials in various industries. It emphasizes the vast strides made in the field over the past decade – the chapters focus on new, promising directions as well as emerging theoretical and experimental methods. The contents incorporate experimental data and graphs where appropriate, as well as supporting tables and figures with a tutorial approach.
