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Author: Marie Moftah
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889450406
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
There is an assumption that environmental threats could cause important damages in central nervous system. As a consequence, several forms of brain structural plasticity could be affected. The environmentally mediated risks include generally physical (such as brain and spinal cord injury) and psychological / psychosocial influences (e.g. stress). In general, the response of the organism to these environmental challenges passes via adaptive responses to maintain homeostasis or functional recovery. These processes engage the immune system, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) besides the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal (HPA) axis via specific hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and other factors which participate, in several cases, in structural remodeling in particular brain areas. To what extent a brain and / or spinal cord recovery after structural and / or physiological / psychological damage could occur and by which mechanisms, this is the goal of this Research Topic. It concerns neurogenesis, growth factors and their receptors, and morphological plasticity. On the other hand, it is well known that stress experienced an obvious impact on many behavioral and physiological aspects. Thus, environmental stress affects neuroendocrine structure and function and hence such aspects may influence brain development. Knowing normal organization of neurotensin receptors’ system during postnatal development in human infant will help understanding the dysfunction of this neuropetidergic system in “sudden infant syndrome” victims. Stress could affect also other non-neuroendocrine regions and systems. GABA is one of the classical neurotransmitter sensitive to stress either when applied acutely or repetitively as well as its receptor GABAA. Furthermore, the modulation of this receptor complex notably by neurosteroids is also affected by acute stress. These steroids seem to play a role in the resilience retained by the stressed brain. Their modulatory role will be studied in the context of chronic stress in rats. Finally, one of the major impacts of stress besides changes in psychological behavior is the alteration of food intake control causing in final eating disorders. This alteration is the result of changes occurring in activity of brain regions involved in stress responses (principally HPA and ANS) and which are also involved in food intake control. The series of studies presented here, will try to explain how different stress paradigms affect this function and the eventual interactions of glucocorticoids with orexigenic (neuropetide Y: NPY/Agouti Related Peptide: AgRP) and anorexigenic peptides (Pre-opiomelanocortin peptide: POMC/Cocaine Amphetamine regulatory Transcript peptide: CART).
Author: Marie Moftah
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889450406
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
There is an assumption that environmental threats could cause important damages in central nervous system. As a consequence, several forms of brain structural plasticity could be affected. The environmentally mediated risks include generally physical (such as brain and spinal cord injury) and psychological / psychosocial influences (e.g. stress). In general, the response of the organism to these environmental challenges passes via adaptive responses to maintain homeostasis or functional recovery. These processes engage the immune system, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) besides the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal (HPA) axis via specific hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and other factors which participate, in several cases, in structural remodeling in particular brain areas. To what extent a brain and / or spinal cord recovery after structural and / or physiological / psychological damage could occur and by which mechanisms, this is the goal of this Research Topic. It concerns neurogenesis, growth factors and their receptors, and morphological plasticity. On the other hand, it is well known that stress experienced an obvious impact on many behavioral and physiological aspects. Thus, environmental stress affects neuroendocrine structure and function and hence such aspects may influence brain development. Knowing normal organization of neurotensin receptors’ system during postnatal development in human infant will help understanding the dysfunction of this neuropetidergic system in “sudden infant syndrome” victims. Stress could affect also other non-neuroendocrine regions and systems. GABA is one of the classical neurotransmitter sensitive to stress either when applied acutely or repetitively as well as its receptor GABAA. Furthermore, the modulation of this receptor complex notably by neurosteroids is also affected by acute stress. These steroids seem to play a role in the resilience retained by the stressed brain. Their modulatory role will be studied in the context of chronic stress in rats. Finally, one of the major impacts of stress besides changes in psychological behavior is the alteration of food intake control causing in final eating disorders. This alteration is the result of changes occurring in activity of brain regions involved in stress responses (principally HPA and ANS) and which are also involved in food intake control. The series of studies presented here, will try to explain how different stress paradigms affect this function and the eventual interactions of glucocorticoids with orexigenic (neuropetide Y: NPY/Agouti Related Peptide: AgRP) and anorexigenic peptides (Pre-opiomelanocortin peptide: POMC/Cocaine Amphetamine regulatory Transcript peptide: CART).
Author: Stanley Finger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461577233
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
It has long been recognized that damage to the mammalian central nervous system may be followed by behavioral recovery, but only re cently has close attention been directed to specific factors which may enhance or retard restitution. This is evident in the rapidly growing number of journal articles and scientific paper sessions dealing with "recovery of function," as well as in the publicity given by the popular press to some of the findings in this field. The present text seeks to examine the foundations of brain lesion research, to review recent material on a number of factors which ap pear to contribute to recovery after brain damage, and to present mod els which have been proposed to account for these effects. In order to best accomplish these goals, a number of key workers in these areas were asked to examine and describe research literatures dealing with specific problems or methodological manipulations associated with brain damage and behavior, using their own experiments and those of others to illustrate important points. In addition, significant interpre tive and theoretical issues were to be evaluated in each chapter.
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466584920
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.
Author: H. Naritomi
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318023094
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
After decades of focusing on how to alleviate and prevent recurrence of acute CNS injuries, the emphasis has finally shifted towards repairing such devastating events and rehabilitation. This development has been made possible by substantial progress in understanding the scientific underpinnings of recovery as well as by novel diagnostic tools, and most importantly, by emerging therapies awaiting clinical trials. In this publication, several international experts introduce novel areas of neurological reorganization and repair following CNS damage. Principles and methods to monitor and augment neuroplasticity are explored in depth and supplemented by a critical appraisal of neurological repair mechanisms and possibilities to curtail disability using computer or robotic interfaces. Rather than providing a textbook approach of CNS restoration, the editors selected topics where progress is most imminent in this labyrinthine domain of medicine. Moreover, the varied background and origins of the contributors lend this book a truly global perspective on the current state of affairs in neurological recovery.
Author: Rajkumar Rajendram
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012820608X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
The Neurobiology, Physiology and Psychology of Pain focuses on bettering readers’ understanding of acute and chronic pain. Featuring chapters on neurotransmitters, pharmacology, and brain imaging, this volume discusses, in detail, the mechanisms of pain and experimental studies undertaken to better understand the pathways involved. The translational work in this area has applicability for neurologists, anesthesiologists, pharmacologists, and anyone working in the intersection of these areas. This volume is integral for anyone interested in the molecular underpinnings of pain at every level. Provides comprehensive coverage on a broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of pain Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding in each chapter Features chapters on molecular pathways, imaging and a deep look at behavior associated with the experience of pain Contains unique topics that will help readers navigate key areas for research and further clinical recommendations
Author: Lawrence C. Hartlage
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489934847
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
The Neuropsychology of Individual Differences: A Developmental Per spective was designed to sliIVey the complexities and subtleties of neu rologically based differences in human beings. By conceptualizing and presenting subject matter in a developmental sequence, we hoped to emphasize the inseparable union between the science of neuropsychology and the study of human behavior. Following a brief introductory chapter, the volume opens with chap ters concerning critical preliminary questions, such as establishing a foundation and rationale for a neuropsychological basis for individual differences and consideration of important methodological issues. It pro ceeds with discussions of the role of neuropsychology in the individual's efforts to organize the world via such basic means as perception and temperament. Three chapters follow that discuss individual differences in higher cortical functions: cognitive ability, language, and learning. Neuropsychological differences between the sexes and in the expression of psychopathological and neurological conditions comprise the topics for the next three chapters. The final topical chapter provides a discussion of rehabilitation of neurological disorders in children, and the volume concludes with a synthesis of all contributions.
Author: Stanley Finger
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323151779
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Early Brain Damage, Volume 2: Neurobiology and Behavior, is the second of two volumes that provide a comprehensive overview of the many facets of research on the topic of brain damage sustained early in life. The present volume focuses on controlled experimentation on laboratory animals, and emphasizes the anatomical and physiological correlates of early brain-insult as well as the behavioral changes that may follow central nervous system damage early in life. This book is organized into three parts. Part I examines recent advances in anatomy and physiology, and covers topics such as axonal sprouting and changes in brain areas somewhat removed from the actual site of damage. Part II emphasizes current knowledge about the behavioral effects of specific lesions, such as those of the frontal or posterior cortical areas. Part III examines factors that can affect the response to early brain damage, including genetics, environmental conditions after early injury, and the differential effects resulting from sparing small fragments of a brain area. This book was written for researchers and professional personnel interested in the topic of brain damage, and especially toward those interested in the many developmental brain-damage issues emanating from laboratory animal studies and human case reports.
Author: Sarah A. Raskin
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1609181395
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Brain plasticity is the focus of a growing body of research with significant implications for neurorehabilitation. This state-of-the-art volume explores ways in which brain-injured individuals may be helped not only to compensate for their loss of cognitive abilities, but also possibly to restore those abilities. Expert contributors examine the extent to which damaged cortical regions can actually recover and resume previous functions, as well as how intact regions are recruited to take on tasks once mediated by the damaged region. Evidence-based rehabilitation approaches are reviewed for a range of impairments and clinical populations, including both children and adults.
Author: Donald T. Stuss
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198030835
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive review of historical and current research on the function of the frontal lobes and frontal systems of the brain. The content spans frontal lobe functions from birth to old age, from biochemistry and anatomy to rehabilitation, and from normal to disrupted function. The book is intended to be a standard reference work on the frontal lobes for researchers, clinicians, and students in the field of neurology, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, and health care.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 852
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Book Description
