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Author: Cheryl Long, Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Cheryl Long, Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Cheryl Xiaoning Long
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Using firm-level data from China's two recent censuses (Industry Census 1995 and Economic Census 2004) and a new measure of clustering (industry proximity), we show that China's rapid industrialization is marked by increased clustering. A higher degree of clustering is further shown to be associated with greater export growth and higher total factor productivity. We also find supporting evidence that clustering helps ease the credit constraints facing many small and medium enterprises through two mechanisms: (1) within a cluster, finer division of labor lowers the capital barriers to entry and (2) closer proximity makes the provision of trade credit among firms easier. Since both mechanisms reduce the need for external financing, a larger number of firms--and thus greater competition--emerge within clusters, which helps explain the higher levels of exports and total factor productivity. This cluster-based industrialization model fit particularly well with China's comparative advantage during its initial stage of takeoff, which was marked by scarcity of capital and an inefficient financial system. Hence our findings may be helpful to other developing countries with similar factor endowment patterns that are considering cluster-based development strategies.
Author: Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Zhu Yingming
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142008920X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
Taking a close look at the national economic system of China, this book defines industrial clusters, then summarizes their measurement indices and identifies their methods. The author identifies 11 industrial clusters and analyses their structural relationships. He studies the relationships between structures and characters of industrial clusters u
Author: T. Sonobe
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137385111
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
This book attempts to provide an effective strategy for industrial development based on the KAIZEN management training experiments conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Tanzania. We focus on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in industrial clusters, because clusters consisting of MSEs are ubiquitous and have high potential to grow.
Author: Xiyi Yang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361014004
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Economic Analysis of Industrial Clustering in China" by Xiyi, Yang, 杨锡怡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: One of the most striking developments during China's economic reforms is the emergence of specialized industrial clusters in rural towns and villages with each contributing to a substantial share of the global product market. Different from the concepts of "clustering" or "geographical agglomeration" defined in existing studies, these clusters are developed under the unique institutional constraints to factor mobility and to entrepreneurship in China. Given the shortcomings of existing measurements, I construct an original measure of clustering which indeed can capture the major features from the reality. Based on this measurement, by using a combination of firm-level and county-level datasets from 1998-2007, I systematically test the economic impacts of clustering on regional growth and inequality, and on firm innovation and exporting. Along with the record-breaking growth, income inequality in China has increased so rapidly that China has become one of the most unequal economies in the world. How the development of clusters interacts with local economic growth and inequality, however, is unknown in the literature. Based on panel estimations, I find that industrial clusters, especially strong clusters or those with a more developed non-state sector, can enhance local economic and employment growth. More importantly, the higher growth does not lead to enlarged income inequality. Instead, counties with clusters consisting of a more developed non-state sector will have a substantially lower urban-rural inequality, driven by the increased income of local rural residents. The results stay robust after addressing the endogeneity issues by thepropensity score matching approach and the instrumental variable (IV) regression approach. On the other hand, though China has long been the factory floor that churns out popular gadgets for companies world-wide, the country's own technology were rarely viewed as leading edge. However, agrowing literature has pointed to the existence of distinctforms of industrial innovationin China that usually involvethe redefinition of existing technologies and the commercialization of new inventions.Given that a large proportion of the country's manufacturing is concentrated within these specialized industrial clusters, how this clustering environment interacts with industrial innovation and exporting of firms is an important but unanswered question. Using a combination of data from the State Intellectual Property Office Patent Database and the Chinese Manufacturing Firm Survey Database, I find that firms within industrial clusters are more likely to generate patent and this effect is amplified if there is a higher density of firms within the cluster, or if there are state-owned enterprises operating in the cluster. Moreover, firms located in industrial clusters will have a higher probability of exporting, especially if there are more private firms or foreign-invested firms within the clusters. Moreover, this effect of clustering on export is likely to operate through the channel of improved firm productivity. Finally, I use instrument variable regression to address the identification issue and establish causality between clustering and improved firm productivity. Subjects: Industrial clusters - China
Author: Jinmin Wang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814579874
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
The book mainly uses the New Institutional Economics Approach (NIE) to examine the formation and development of industrial clusters in China through multiple case studies of textile and clothing clusters in the Zhejiang province. The micro case studies illustrate the interaction between institutional change and the industrial development of China in transition.It also attempts to fill the information gap through an analysis of the typical institutional factors leading to the development and upgrading of industrial clusters, and provides a better understanding of the changing nature of the public-private interface in the process of cluster development in China.
Author: Pontus Braunerhjelm
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191525839
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Clusters - regional concentrations of related firms and organizations - are seen as being an important element of economic growth and innovation. But there is little understanding of how clusters come into existence, and little guidance provided on the role of policies that are conducive to the formation of clusters. Cluster Genesis focuses on these early origins of clusters. The case histories of well-known, established clusters, as well as more recently-developed clusters are discussed, including: · The Hollywood motion picture cluster, · Silicon Valley, · Boston and San Francisco biotech regions, · The Biotech industry in China, · Medicon Valley in Scandinavia, · The Irish ITC sector. Leading scholars contribute chapters examining cluster genesis, the divergent processes by which clusters arise, how multinationals contribute to cluster development, and how economic development policy may promote or hinder cluster genesis. Cluster Genesis uses a variety of methodological perspectives, examines a range of policy options, and draws on a number of rich case histories, and will be key reading for academics, researchers, and students of Economics, Innovation, Sociology, Geography, and Management Studies, as well as economic development officials and policy makers.
Author: Belton Fleisher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Zhang, Xiaobo
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
It is a daunting task to build institution and infrastructure over a short time period in developing countries. But in the absence of sound institutions and adequate infrastructure, it is difficult for economic transformation to take place. An alternative is to facilitate existing industrial clusters or build industrial parks by creating an enabling environment in a limited place. This paper reviews the commonly used strategies to build effective clusters and industrial parks. Clusters and industrial parks are location specific. Because they have an informational advantage, local governments are in a better position than the central government to identify and solve the bottlenecks that affect clusters and industrial parks. As clusters and industrial parks evolve, new bottlenecks emerge, thereby requiring new solutions. This in turns calls for continuous tinkering by local governments. It is important to place local governments and business communities in the driver’s seat of local economic growth so that they can watch out for and adjust to the bumps in the road ahead.
