Cleaning with Solvents: Science and Technology

Cleaning with Solvents: Science and Technology PDF Author: John Durkee
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1455731617
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 779

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Book Description
High-precision cleaning is required across a wide range of sectors, including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor/electronics, etc. Cleaning parts and surfaces with solvents is simple, effective and low-cost. Although health and safety and environmental concerns come into play with the use of solvents, this book explores how safe and compliant solvent-based cleaning techniques can be implemented. A key to this is the selection of the right solvent. The author also examines a range of newer "green" solvent cleaning options. This book supplies scientific fundamentals and practical guidance supported by real-world examples. Durkee explains the three principal methods of solvent selection: matching of solubility parameters, reduction of potential for smog formation, and matching of physical properties. He also provides guidance on the safe use of aerosols, wipe-cleaning techniques, solvent stabilization, economics, and many other topics. A compendium of blend rules is included, covering the physical, chemical, and environmental properties of solvents. - Three methods explained in detail for substitution of suitable solvents for those unsuitable for any reason: toxic solvents don't have to be tolerated; this volume explains how to do better - Enables users to make informed judgments about their selection of cleaning solvents for specific applications, including solvent replacement decisions - Explains how to plan and implement solvent cleaning systems that are effective, economical and compliant with regulations

Cleaning with Solvents: Science and Technology

Cleaning with Solvents: Science and Technology PDF Author: John Durkee
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1455731617
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 779

Get Book Here

Book Description
High-precision cleaning is required across a wide range of sectors, including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor/electronics, etc. Cleaning parts and surfaces with solvents is simple, effective and low-cost. Although health and safety and environmental concerns come into play with the use of solvents, this book explores how safe and compliant solvent-based cleaning techniques can be implemented. A key to this is the selection of the right solvent. The author also examines a range of newer "green" solvent cleaning options. This book supplies scientific fundamentals and practical guidance supported by real-world examples. Durkee explains the three principal methods of solvent selection: matching of solubility parameters, reduction of potential for smog formation, and matching of physical properties. He also provides guidance on the safe use of aerosols, wipe-cleaning techniques, solvent stabilization, economics, and many other topics. A compendium of blend rules is included, covering the physical, chemical, and environmental properties of solvents. - Three methods explained in detail for substitution of suitable solvents for those unsuitable for any reason: toxic solvents don't have to be tolerated; this volume explains how to do better - Enables users to make informed judgments about their selection of cleaning solvents for specific applications, including solvent replacement decisions - Explains how to plan and implement solvent cleaning systems that are effective, economical and compliant with regulations

Cleaning with Solvents

Cleaning with Solvents PDF Author: John Durkee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323226965
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 371

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Book Description
High-precision cleaning is required across many sectors, including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor/electronics, and more. In this comprehensive reference work, solvent cleaning equipment is thoroughly covered with a focus on the engineering details of its operation and selection. Key data is provided alongside practical guidance, giving scientists and engineers in multiple sectors the information they need not only to choose the correct machine in the first place, but also how to operate it effectively and efficiently. Low emission open-top vapor degreasers, enclosed machines of the vacuum and pressurized type, cosolvent machines, and adsorption of "tailpipe emissions" are covered in detail and fully illustrated in color. This unique book covers material known by designers and manufacturers of solvent cleaning machines, but not collected and organized for the benefit of users. The comprehensive coverage provided by John Durkee makes this book relevant and timely not only for readers who wish to know more about how solvent cleaning equipment works but also those who are under pressure from environmental regulators or corporate management to find effective alternatives and those engaged in non-solvent cleaning operations who are unsatisfied with their cleaning results. - Clear, straightforward explanations of how various types of cleaning solvents should be managed to clean parts - Full-color, hand-drawn illustrations and photographs of the important internal sections of solvent cleaning machines - Design calculations of operating parameters in solvent cleaning machines

Solvent Gels for the Cleaning of Works of Art

Solvent Gels for the Cleaning of Works of Art PDF Author: Dusan Stulik
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 9780892367597
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Book Description
The cleaning of a work of art often involves removing not only dirt and grime but also unwanted layers of varnish, gilding, and paint from the work's surface. The challenge for conservators lies in finding a cleaning agent that will act on one layer without affecting the layer being preserved and without leaving any harmful residues on the cleaned work. This book, which examines gel cleaning in the treatment of paintings and painted works of art, presents the methodologies, data, and results of a collaborative project of the Getty Conservation Institute and Winterthur Museum. Among the issues covered are the theory and application of gel cleaning systems, the detection of residues left on the surfaces of objects cleaned with these systems, research into solvent-gel and solvent residues, stability of surfactants during natural and artificial aging, and recommendations for formulating gels for specific cleaning tasks.

Conservation of Easel Paintings

Conservation of Easel Paintings PDF Author: Joyce Hill Stoner
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429680961
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 1394

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Book Description
Conservation of Easel Paintings, Second Edition provides a much-anticipated update to the previous edition, which has come to be known internationally as an invaluable and comprehensive text on the history, philosophy and methods of the treatment of easel paintings. Including 49 chapters written by more than 90 respected authors from around the world, this volume offers the necessary background knowledge in technical art history, artists’ materials and scientific methods of examination and documentation. Later sections of the book provide information about the varying approaches and methods for treatment and issues of preventive conservation, as well as valuable reflections on storage, shipping, and exhibition. Including exciting developments that have taken place since the last edition was published, the book also covers new techniques of examination, especially MacroXRF scanning and Reflectance Transmission Imagery. Drawing on research presented at recent professional conferences, information about innovative methods for cleaning modern and contemporary paintings and insights into modern oil paints is also included. Incorporating the latest regulations and understanding of health and safety practices and integrating theory with practice throughout, Conservation of Easel Paintings, Second Edition will continue to be an indispensable reference for practicing conservators. It will also be an essential resource for students taking conservation courses around the world.

Supercritical Fluid Cleaning

Supercritical Fluid Cleaning PDF Author: Samuel P. Sawan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0815519168
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Book Description
Although supercritial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is the first to address the new application of cleaning. The objective is to provide a roadmap for readers who want to know whether SCF technology can meet their own processing and cleaning needs. It is particularly helpful to those striving to balance the requirements for a clean product and a clean environment. The interdisciplinary subject matter will appeal to scientists and engineers in all specialties ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and physics. It is also useful to those developing new processes for other applications, and references given at the end of each chapter provide links to the wider body of SCF literature. The book is organized with topics progressing from the fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations. Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility, design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The next three chapters discuss surfactants and microemulsions, SCF interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on more practical considerations such as scaleup, equipment costs, and financial analysis.

Handbook of Solvents

Handbook of Solvents PDF Author: George Wypych
Publisher: ChemTec Publishing
ISBN: 1895198240
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1446

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Book Description
A comprehensive, extensive textual analysis of the principles of solvent selection and use, the handbook is intended to help formulators select ideal solvents, safety coordinators to protect workers, and legislators and inspectors to define and implement technically correct public safeguards for use, handling, and disposal.

Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning

Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning PDF Author: Rajiv Kohli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0815516851
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1209

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Book Description
Surface contamination is of cardinal importance in a host of technologies and industries, ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical. Thus, the need to understand the causes of surface contamination and their removal is very patent. Generally speaking, there are two broad categories of surface contaminants: film-type and particulates. In the world of shrinking dimensions, such as the ever-decreasing size of microelectronic devices, there is an intensified need to understand the behavior of nanoscale particles and to devise ways to remove them to an acceptable level. Particles which were functionally innocuous a few years ago are ôkiller defectsö today, with serious implications for yield and reliability of the components. This book addresses the sources, detection, characterization and removal of both kinds of contaminants, as well as ways to prevent surfaces from being contaminated. A number of techniques to monitor the level of cleanliness are also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the behaviour of nanoscale particles. The book is amply referenced and profusely illustrated.• Excellent reference for a host of technologies and industries ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical.• A single source document addressing everything from the sources of contamination to their removal and prevention.• Amply referenced and profusely illustrated.

Directory of Solvents

Directory of Solvents PDF Author: B.P. Whim
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400915497
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 619

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Book Description
Organic solvents represent a class of compounds whose utility is central to industrial and academic chemistry. The impact of solvents in everyday products such as paints, surface coatings, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cleaning products is enormous, and there is therefore much interest in their use. This volume is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides and authoritative review of the science and technology of solvents and related issues. The topics covered are solvency and its measurement, flammability, health and toxicology, environmental issues, legislative information, transport, storage, recovery and disposal, and a review of solvent applications. Part 2 provides reliable, up- to-date data, based on information provided by manufacturers and suppliers and is presented as a database of over 350 solvent products, subdivided by solvent group. The data are also presented in key parameter tables, covering boiling points, melting points, evaporation information, vapor pressure, flash points, solubility parameters, auto ignition temperatures, and names and addresses of manufacturers, with trade names. In recent years there has been increased interest in health and safety, environmental issues and aspects of the legislative control of chemicals, including solvents, and the choice of a given solvent has therefore become more complex. The Directory of Solvents aims to provide in one place a broad spread of physico-chemical data, together with transport, safety, environmental and classification information provided by major European and U.S. suppliers and manufacturers of industrial organic solvents.

Cleaning Painted Surfaces

Cleaning Painted Surfaces PDF Author: Richard Wolbers
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781873132364
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Book Description
This book contributes significantly to the selection of appropriate and controllable cleaning methods for varnished and unvarnished paint surfaces. It is a distillation of many years' experience of formulating a cleaning treatment for any given object. The general principles of the chemistry and the practical applications are described. The methods are applicable to the surface cleaning of both traditional and modern paint media found on sculptures, ethnographic materials, paintings, gilded surfaces and furniture. Aqueous methods are certainly worth considering for those surfaces which cannot be cleaned safely by methods based on solvents.

Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2

Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2 PDF Author: George Wypych
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1927885426
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 943

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Book Description
Handbook of Solvents, Volume Two: Use, Health, and Environment, Third Edition, contains the most comprehensive information ever published on solvents and an extensive analysis of the principles of solvent selection and use. The book is intended to help formulators select ideal solvents, safety coordinators protect workers, and legislators and inspectors define and implement public safeguards on solvent usage, handling and disposal. The book begins with a discussion of solvent use in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. In addition, the possibilities for solvent substitution are also discussed, with an emphasis on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and agriculture-based products. - Assists in solvent selection by providing key information and insight on environmental and safety issues - Provides essential best practice guidance for human health considerations - Discusses the latest advances and trends in solvent technology, including modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils, selection of gloves, suits and respirators