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Author: Jan Bernhard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages :
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Author: Jan Bernhard
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : de
Pages :
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Author: Richard P. Brief
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135609497
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
First published in 1996. The relationship between the present discounted value of future cash flows and discounted excess earnings should be viewed as a mathematical property of a double-entry book[1]keeping system based on clean surplus. The purpose of this anthology is to facilitate future research by highlighting these historical developments and by showing how more recent theoretical and empirical research fits into the earlier history. The book is divided into four sections: historical overview; analytical properties of clean surplus; the theory of the clean surplus equation; and empirical implications.
Author: John O'Hanlon
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Motivated by the fact that residual income based models of the link between the value of equity capital and the outputs of accrual accounting recently appearing in the literature have been based on particular assumed classes of residual income time series process, this paper presents a general residual income based expression for the value of equity capital which allows for clean surplus residual income to be generated by any class of ARIMA time series process. It shows that other models appearing in the literature are re-arrangements of special cases of this general expression. Further, motivated by the possibility that unscaled residual income data might plausibly exhibit explosive characteristics which would make it inappropriate to attempt to fit ARIMA models, a general expression for the value of equity is presented in terms of residual income scaled by book value. Re-arrangements of a number of simple special cases of this expression are explored. It is shown that, depending upon the time series properties of the scaled residual income measure, various combinations of the mean Accounting Rate of Return, the current level of Accounting Rate of Return, the current first difference of Accounting Rate of Return and a lagged Market to Book term can appear in accounting based models of the value of equity.
Author:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Standard equity valuation approaches (i.e., DDM, RIM, and DCF model) are derived under the assumption of ideal conditions, such as infinite payoffs and clean surplus accounting. Because these conditions are hardly ever met, we extend the standard approaches, based on the fundamental principle of financial statement articulation. The extended models are then tested empirically by employing two sets of forecasts: (1) analyst forecasts provided by Value Line and (2) forecasts generated by cross-sectional regression models. The main result is that our extended models yield considerably smaller valuation errors. Moreover, by construction, identical value estimates are obtained across the extended models. By reestablishing empirical equivalence under non-ideal conditions, our approach provides a benchmark that enables us to quantify the errors resulting from individual deviations from ideal conditions, and thus, to analyze the robustness of the standard approaches. Finally, by providing a level playing field for the different valuation approaches, our findings have implications for other empirical settings, for example, estimating the implied cost of capital. -- Dirty Surplus ; Terminal Value ; Steady-State ; Valuation Error
Author: John D. Stowe
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470052821
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
"Here is an essential tool for the investor: clear, practical, insightful, and concise. This book should have a long, useful life in a professional's library." —Jeffrey P. Davis, CFA, Chief Investment Officer, Lee Munder Capital Group "This book provides a clear, comprehensive overview of equity valuation concepts and methods. It is well suited for finance practitioners who want to strengthen their understanding of equity asset valuation and as a supplemental reading in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses addressing security analysis and business valuation." —Professor Robert Parrino, CFA, PhD, Department of Finance, Red McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin "CFA Institute has done it again. This will be a 'must' reference book for anyone serious about the nuances of equity investment valuation." —Robert D. Arnott, Chairman, Research Affiliates "Equity Asset Valuation concisely and clearly explains the most widely used approaches to equity evaluation. In addition to thoroughly explaining the implementation of each valuation method, there is sophisticated discussion of the commonsense financial economics and accounting issues underlying the methods." —David Blackwell, Head and RepublicBank/James W. Aston Professor of Finance, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University
Author: John O'Hanlon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper seeks to advance the practical application of theoretically grounded accounting based equity valuation models which use the concept of earnings persistence. It does so by employing an empirically tractable development of the clean surplus residual income based valuation models that appear in the literature as the basis for an empirical investigation of the time series properties of components of the clean surplus earnings of UK companies. The paper uses a general expression of the value of equity capital in terms of residual income scaled by book value to show that clean surplus Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) is relevant in a valuation context if the series has a mean which differs from the cost of equity and/or there is time series dependence in the series. It then uses data drawn directly from the income statements and reserve notes of 181 UK companies over 25 years to seek evidence regarding the mean values of the disaggregated components of clean surplus ARR in the UK both in aggregate and across sectors. Then after using the general expression to provide a classification of ARR series according to four classes of time series process each of which suggests the appropriateness of a different valuation model employing ARR variables (mean level first difference) the paper provides evidence on the time series properties of the disaggregated components of clean surplus ARR both in aggregate and across sectors.
Author: Kenton K. Yee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
The concept of residual income has become popular in recent years due, in part, to the Ohlson 1995 article on residual income valuation. Since Ohlson assumed clean surplus accounting in that article, the concept of residual income and clean surplus accounting have become intimately linked in the literature. But is clean surplus accounting necessary for residual income valuation? Is there a formulation of residual income valuation that holds even when accounting violates the clean surplus relation? Yes. This article shows that accounting-based valuation builds naturally from a set of accounting-based quot;primitive differencequot; variables, not from the clean surplus relation. The primitive difference variables extend the notion of residual income. Using the primitive difference variables, this article specifies how value functions may be nonlinear in earnings and book value in settings with limited liability, accounting conservatism, or real options and still be dividend irrelevant.
Author: Aswath Damodaran
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1601980140
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.
Author: James A. Ohlson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
This paper identifies problems related to RIV in an equity valuation context. Three problems are discussed. First, on a per share basis clean surplus will not generally hold if there are expected changes in shares outstanding; this aspect eliminates a necessary condition for the RIV-formula to be valid. Second, an all equity approach does not work if the firm plans to bring in quot;newquot; shareholders who derive a net benefit from their capital contributions. Third, GAAP violates clean surplus because some capital contributions are not accounted for in market value terms. As an alternative to RIV, the paper shows that it makes more economic/accounting sense to focus on expected eps, adjusted for dps, as a valuation attribute instead of current book value and expected residual earnings.
Author: Peter O. Christensen
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1601982720
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
We review and critically examine the standard approach to equity valuation using a constant risk-adjusted cost of capital, and we develop a new valuation approach discounting risk-adjusted fundamentals, such as expected free cash flows and residual operating income, using nominal zero-coupon interest rates. We show that standard estimates of the cost of capital, based on historical stock returns, are likely to be a significantly biased measure of the firm's cost of capital, but also that the bias is almost impossible to quantify empirically. The new approach recognizes that, in practice, interest rates, expected equity returns, and inflation rates are all stochastic. We explicitly characterize the risk-adjustments to the fundamentals in an equilibrium setting. We show how the term structure of risk-adjustments depends on both the time-series properties of the free cash flows and the accounting policy. Growth, persistence, and mean reversion of residual operating income created by competition in the product markets or by the accounting policy are key determinants of the term structure of risk-adjustments.
