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Author: Amy Sodaro
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813592178
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
Today, nearly any group or nation with violence in its past has constructed or is planning a memorial museum as a mechanism for confronting past trauma, often together with truth commissions, trials, and/or other symbolic or material reparations. Exhibiting Atrocity documents the emergence of the memorial museum as a new cultural form of commemoration, and analyzes its use in efforts to come to terms with past political violence and to promote democracy and human rights. Through a global comparative approach, Amy Sodaro uses in-depth case studies of five exemplary memorial museums that commemorate a range of violent pasts and allow for a chronological and global examination of the trend: the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC; the House of Terror in Budapest, Hungary; the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre in Rwanda; the Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Santiago, Chile; and the National September 11 Memorial Museum in New York. Together, these case studies illustrate the historical emergence and global spread of the memorial museum and show how this new cultural form of commemoration is intended to be used in contemporary societies around the world.
Author: Eva Goldschmidt Wyman
Publisher: Lom Ediciones
ISBN: 9789562824910
Category : Chile
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Author: Steve J. Stern
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 0822391775
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
Reckoning with Pinochet is the first comprehensive account of how Chile came to terms with General Augusto Pinochet’s legacy of human rights atrocities. An icon among Latin America’s “dirty war” dictators, Pinochet had ruled with extreme violence while building a loyal social base. Hero to some and criminal to others, the general cast a long shadow over Chile’s future. Steve J. Stern recounts the full history of Chile’s democratic reckoning, from the negotiations in 1989 to chart a post-dictatorship transition; through Pinochet’s arrest in London in 1998; the thirtieth anniversary, in 2003, of the coup that overthrew President Salvador Allende; and Pinochet’s death in 2006. He shows how transnational events and networks shaped Chile’s battles over memory, and how the Chilean case contributed to shifts in the world culture of human rights. Stern’s analysis integrates policymaking by elites, grassroots efforts by human rights victims and activists, and inside accounts of the truth commissions and courts where top-down and bottom-up initiatives met. Interpreting solemn presidential speeches, raucous street protests, interviews, journalism, humor, cinema, and other sources, he describes the slow, imperfect, but surprisingly forceful advance of efforts to revive democratic values through public memory struggles, despite the power still wielded by the military and a conservative social base including the investor class. Over time, resourceful civil-society activists and select state actors won hard-fought, if limited, gains. As a result, Chileans were able to face the unwelcome past more honestly, launch the world’s first truth commission to examine torture, ensnare high-level perpetrators in the web of criminal justice, and build a public culture of human rights. Stern provides an important conceptualization of collective memory in the wake of national trauma in this magisterial work of history.
Author: Marjorie Agosín
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN: 146166635X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love tells the story of ordinary women living in terror and extreme poverty under General Pinochet's oppressive rule in Chile (1973–1989). These women defied the military dictatorship by embroidering their sorrow on scraps of cloth, using needles and thread as one of the boldest means of popular protest and resistance in Latin America. The arpilleras they made—patchwork tapestries with scenes of everyday life and memorials to their disappeared relatives—were smuggled out of Chile and brought to the world the story of their fruitless searches in jails, morgues, government offices, and the tribunals of law for their husbands, brothers, and sons. Marjorie Agosín, herself a native of and exile from Chile, has spent more than thirty years interviewing the arpilleristas and following their work. She knows their stories intimately and knows, too, that none of them has ever found a disappeared relative alive. Even though the dictatorship ended in 1989 and democracy returned to Chile, no full account of the detained and disappeared has ever been offered. Still, many women maintain hope and continue to make arpilleras, both in memory and as art. This new edition of the book, updated for students, includes a reaction to the death of General Pinochet, a chronology of Chile, several new testimonies from arpilleristas in their own words, and an introduction by Peter Kornbluh. It retains a section of full-color plates of arpilleras, an afterword by Peter Winn, and a foreword by Isabel Allende. Students and interested readers will find the arpilleras beautiful, moving, and ultimately hopeful, and the testimonies a powerful way to learn about the history of contemporary Latin America and the arpillera movement in Chile.
Author: Cathy Schneider
Publisher: Temple University Press
ISBN: 156639306X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
In 1973 armed forces launched a violent attack against the Chilean presidential palace and Santiago's slums and shantytowns. For ten years, only the Catholic Church was able to defy the military regime. Then, in 1983, students, workers, and shantytown residents stormed the streets demanding the resignation of Augusto Pinochet. The protests raged for three years and, in 1989, democratic elections were held. The following year a new civilian government took office.Cathy Lisa Schneider examines this democratic transition from the bottom up, looking at the struggles of poor people to create and sustain organized resistance, to risk their lives to fight tyranny. Both an oral history based on over a hundred interviews collected in shantytowns and a comparative sociological study that explores political differences among different shantytowns in Santiago, this book analyzes the context in which the urban poor make choices about their lives, and the political histories that shape their vision. Author note: Cathy Lisa Schneider is Assistant Professor at the School for International Studies at American University.
Author: Jane Esberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Authoritarian repression is understood as a means to eliminate dissent. Yet most dictators also require some popular support to survive. How does the need to maintain supporters influence repression? This dissertation argues that repression can serve to appeal to supporters, by signaling to a regime's backing coalition that authoritarian control is uniquely capable of managing political and social threats to the state. The three chapters bring to bear new findings on a variety of repressive methods used during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship in Chile (1973-1989). Chapter 2 demonstrates how the need for support shapes patterns of political killings. Chile's military justified a coup on the basis of a communist threat that was, in fact, exaggerated. Original data on 3,000 victims, along with qualitative evidence, show that killings targeted suspicious individuals in otherwise high-support areas to demonstrate that a communist threat existed and the military was uniquely capable of managing it. Chapter 3 shows how supporters can constrain violence: the more prominent the opposition leader, the more likely their death or detention will mobilize opposition and alienate supporters. New data on the repression of candidates for national office shows that election -- by increasing visibility -- constrained violent repression. The regime instead substituted it with exile. Chapter 4 demonstrates that dictators can use even seemingly punitive policies to reward supporters. Text analysis of all 8,000 movies reviewed for distribution during the dictatorship shows bans largely targeted immoral content, rather than political themes. Qualitative and quantitative evidence link this to the regime's need to appeal to conservative groups. Findings provide new insight into how dictators balance security and popular support.
Author: Pamela Constable
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 9780393309850
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
An account of the polarization of Chilean society under Augusto Pinochet and of Chile's return to democratic government.
Author: Ariel Dorfman
Publisher: Ocean Press
ISBN: 0987228374
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
This anthology reclaims the tragic date of September 11 as the anniversary of the US-backed coup in Chile in 1973 by General Augusto Pinochet against the popularly elected Allende government. The selection combines moving personal accounts with a political/historical overview of the coup’s significance, featuring Ariel Dorfman's poignant essay, “The last September 11” and President Allende's last radio broadcast.
Author: Teresa Godwin Phelps
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812203275
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Following periods of mass atrocity and oppression, states are faced with a question of critical importance in the transition to democracy: how to offer redress to victims of the old regime without perpetuating cycles of revenge. Traditionally, balance has been restored through arrests, trials, and punishment, but in the last three decades, more than twenty countries have opted to have a truth commission investigate the crimes of the prior regime and publish a report about the investigation, often incorporating accounts from victims. Although many praise the work of truth commissions for empowering and healing through words rather than violence, some condemn the practice as a poor substitute for traditional justice, achieved through trials and punishment. There has been until now little analysis of the unarticulated claim that underlies the truth commissions' very existence: that language—in this case narrative stories—can substitute for violence. Acknowledging revenge as a real and deep human need, Shattered Voices explores the benefits and problems inherent when a fragile country seeks to heal its victims without risking its own future. In developing a theory about the role of language in retribution, Teresa Godwin Phelps takes an interdisciplinary approach, delving into sources from Greek tragedy to Hamlet, from Kant to contemporary theories about retribution, from the Babylonian law codes to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Report. She argues that, given the historical and psychological evidence about revenge, starting afresh by drawing a bright line between past crimes and a new government is both unrealistic and unwise. When grievous harm happens, a rebalancing is bound to occur, whether it is orderly and lawful or disorderly and unlawful. Shattered Voices contends that language is requisite to any adequate balancing, and that a solution is viable only if it provides an atmosphere in which storytelling and subsequent dialogue can flourish. In the developing culture of ubiquitous truth reports, Phelps argues that we must become attentive to the form these reports take—the narrative structure, the use of victims' stories, and the way a political message is conveyed to the citizens of the emerging democracy. By looking concretely at the work and responsibilities of truth commissions, Shattered Voices offers an important and thoughtful analysis of the efficacy of the ways human rights abuses are addressed.
Author: Mark Ensalaco
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812201868
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
"When the army comes out, it is to kill."—Augusto Pinochet Following his bloody September 1973 coup d'état that overthrew President Salvador Allende, Augusto Pinochet, commander-in-chief of the Chilean Armed Forces and National Police, became head of a military junta that would rule Chile for the next seventeen years. The violent repression used by the Pinochet regime to maintain power and transform the country's political profile and economic system has received less attention than the Argentine military dictatorship, even though the Pinochet regime endured twice as long. In this primary study of Chile Under Pinochet, Mark Ensalaco maintains that Pinochet was complicit in the "enforced disappearance" of thousands of Chileans and an unknown number of foreign nationals. Ensalaco spent five years in Chile investigating the impact of Pinochet's rule and interviewing members of the truth commission created to investigate the human rights violations under Pinochet. The political objective of human rights organizations, Ensalaco contends, is to bring sufficient pressure to bear on violent regimes to induce them to end policies of repression. However, these efforts are severely limited by the disparities of power between human rights organizations and regimes intent on ruthlessly eliminating dissent.
Author: Patricia Politzer
Publisher: Pantheon
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Here is an extraordinary first person chronicle of life under dictatorship. Journalist Patricia Politzer has interviewed men and women from every strata of Chilean life for a broad, vivid, yet non-ideologial view of modern life under military rule.
