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Author: John-Peter Pham
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594546716
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This book weaves a narrative of the history of Sierra Leone, from its foundation as a settlement for black slaves who fought for the British Crown during the American Revolution through the events of the civil war, with a discussion of more general geopolitical lessons to be learned from the recent conflict, its origins, and settlement. In addition, the book contains six appendices that render the present work -- the first comprehensive history of Sierra Leone since the classic studies published more than a generation ago by Christopher Fyfe and John Peterson -- an invaluable reference on conflict resolution in general as well as the West African country in particular, including a chronology of select events in the history of Sierra Leone and the texts of the peace agreements and other post-conflict documents.
Author: John-Peter Pham
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594546716
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This book weaves a narrative of the history of Sierra Leone, from its foundation as a settlement for black slaves who fought for the British Crown during the American Revolution through the events of the civil war, with a discussion of more general geopolitical lessons to be learned from the recent conflict, its origins, and settlement. In addition, the book contains six appendices that render the present work -- the first comprehensive history of Sierra Leone since the classic studies published more than a generation ago by Christopher Fyfe and John Peterson -- an invaluable reference on conflict resolution in general as well as the West African country in particular, including a chronology of select events in the history of Sierra Leone and the texts of the peace agreements and other post-conflict documents.
Author: Mark A. Drumbl
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199592659
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Child soldiers are generally perceived as faultless, passive victims. This ignores that the roles of child soldiers vary, from innocent abductee to wilful perpetrator. This book argues that child soldiers should be judged on their actions and that treating them like a homogenous group prevents them from taking responsibility for their acts.
Author: Matthew Happold
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 1526170469
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Now available as an eBook for the first time, this 2005 title in the Melland Schill series asks: Can the use of children as soldiers be effectively regulated at an international level? Child soldiers in international law examines how international law has developed to deal with this problematic and emotive issue. Happold looks at the rules restricting the recruitment of children into armed forces - rules which, though important, are often flouted - but also at the wider legal issues arising from child soldiering: to what extent can child soldiers be held criminally liable for their conduct? How should they be treated when captured? How are states obliged to demobilise and reintegrate them into their societies? It also identifies a move away towards enforcement, through the prosecution of those who recruit child soldiers, and proposals for Security Council sanctions against governments and groups who breach their international obligations by using children in armed conflicts. This study will be essential reading for those concerned with public international law, human rights, and the United Nations and peacekeeping.
Author: Sonja C. Grover
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642236138
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
This book provides an original legal analysis of child soldiers recruited into armed groups or forces committing mass atrocities and/or genocide as the victims of the genocidal forcible transfer of children. Legal argument is made regarding the lack of criminal culpability of such child soldier 'recruits' for conflict-related international crimes and the inapplicability of currently recommended judicial and non-judicial accountability mechanisms in such cases. The book challenges various anthropological accounts of child soldiers' alleged 'tactical agency' to resist committing atrocity as members of armed groups or forces committing mass atrocity and/or genocide. Also provided are original interpretations of relevant international law including an interpretation of the Rome Statute age-based exclusion from prosecution of persons who were under 18 at the time of perpetrating the crime as substantive law setting an international standard for the humane treatment of child soldiers.
Author: Lukasz Kamienski
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190263482
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Shooting Up: A Short History of Drugs and War examines how intoxicants have been put to the service of states, empires and their armies throughout history. Since the beginning of organized combat, armed forces have prescribed drugs to their members for two general purposes: to enhance performance during combat and to counter the trauma of killing and witnessing violence after it is over. Stimulants (e.g. alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines) have been used to temporarily create better soldiers by that improving stamina, overcoming sleeplessness, eliminating fatigue, and increasing fighting spirit. Downers (e.g. alcohol, opiates, morphine, heroin, marijuana, barbiturates) have also been useful in dealing with the soldier's greatest enemy - shattered nerves. Kamienski's focuses on drugs "prescribed" by military authorities, but also documents the widespread unauthorised consumption by soldiers themselves. Combatants have always treated with various drugs and alcohol, mainly for recreational use and as a reward to themselves for enduring the constant tension of preparing for. Although not officially approved, such "self-medication" is often been quietly tolerated by commanders in so far as it did not affect combat effectiveness. This volume spans the history of combat from the use of opium, coca, and mushrooms in pre-modern warfare to the efforts of modern militaries, during the Cold War in particular, to design psychochemical offensive weapons that can be used to incapacitate rather than to kill the enemy. Along the way, Kamienski provides fascinating coverage of on the European adoption of hashish during Napolean's invasion of Egypt, opium use during the American Civil War, amphetamines in the Third Reich, and the use of narcotics to control child soldiers in the rebel militias of contemporary Africa.
Author: Scott Gates
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822973596
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Current global estimates of children engaged in warfare range from 200,000 to 300,000. Children's roles in conflict range from armed and active participants to spies, cooks, messengers, and sex slaves. Child Soldiers in the Age of Fractured States examines the factors that contribute to the use of children in war, the effects of war upon children, and the perpetual cycle of warfare that engulfs many of the world's poorest nations. The contributors seek to eliminate myths of historic or culture-based violence, and instead look to common traits of chronic poverty and vulnerable populations. Individual essays examine topics such as: the legal and ethical aspects of child soldiering; internal UN debates over enforcement of child protection policies; economic factors; increased access to small arms; displaced populations; resource endowments; forced government conscription; rebel-enforced quota systems; motivational techniques employed in recruiting children; and the role of girls in conflict. The contributors also offer viable policies to reduce the recruitment of child soldiers such as the protection of refugee camps by outside forces, "naming and shaming," and criminal prosecution by international tribunals. Finally, they focus on ways to reintegrate former child soldiers into civil society in the aftermath of war.
Author: Kamieński
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 178738053X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
From hallucinogenic mushrooms and LSD, to coca and cocaine; from Homeric warriors and the Assassins to the first Gulf War and today’s global insurgents — drugs have sustained warriors in the field and have been used as weapons of warfare, either as non-lethal psychochemical weapons or as a means of subversion. Łukasz Kamieński explores why and how drugs have been issued to soldiers to increase their battlefield performance, boost their courage and alleviate stress and fear — as well as for medical purposes. He also delves into the history of psychoactive substances that combatants ‘self-prescribe’, a practice which dates as far back as the Vikings. Shooting Up is a comprehensive and original history of the relationship between fighting men and intoxicants, from Antiquity till the present day, and looks at how drugs will determine the wars of the future in unforeseen and remarkable ways.
Author: Myriam Denov
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139487159
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Tragically, violence and armed conflict have become commonplace in the lives of many children around the world. Not only have millions of children been forced to witness war and its atrocities, but many are drawn into conflict as active participants. Nowhere has this been more evident than in Sierra Leone during its 11-year civil war. Drawing upon in-depth interviews and focus groups with former child soldiers of Sierra Leone's rebel Revolutionary United Front, Myriam Denov compassionately examines how child soldiers are initiated into the complex world of violence and armed conflict. She also explores the ways in which the children leave this world of violence and the challenges they face when trying to renegotiate their lives and self-concepts in the aftermath of war. The narratives of the Sierra Leonean youth demonstrate that their life histories defy the narrow and limiting portrayals presented by the media and popular discourse.
Author: M. Cherif Bassiouni
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139498932
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 885
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Book Description
This book traces the evolution of crimes against humanity (CAH) and their application from the end of World War I to the present day, in terms of both historic legal analysis and subject-matter content. The first part of the book addresses general issues pertaining to the categorization of CAH in normative jurisprudential and doctrinal terms. This is followed by an analysis of the specific contents of CAH, describing its historic phases going through international criminal tribunals, mixed model tribunals and the International Criminal Court. The book examines the general parts and defenses of the crime, along with the history and jurisprudence of both international and national prosecutions. For the first time, a list of all countries that have enacted national legislation specifically directed at CAH is collected, along with all of the national prosecutions that have occurred under national legislation up to 2010.
Author: Daniel Bertrand Monk
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472900897
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
In case studies focusing on contemporary crises spanning Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe, the scholars in this volume examine the dominant prescriptive practices of late neoliberal post-conflict interventions—such as statebuilding, peacebuilding, transitional justice, refugee management, reconstruction, and redevelopment—and contend that the post-conflict environment is in fact created and sustained by this international technocratic paradigm of peacebuilding. Key international stakeholders—from activists to politicians, humanitarian agencies to financial institutions—characterize disparate sites as “weak,” “fragile,” or “failed” states and, as a result, prescribe peacebuilding techniques that paradoxically disable effective management of post-conflict spaces while perpetuating neoliberal political and economic conditions. Treating all efforts to represent post-conflict environments as problematic, the goal becomes understanding the underlying connection between post-conflict conditions and the actions and interventions of peacebuilding technocracies.
