Chemical Fractionation and Solubility of Phosphorus in Dairy Manure-amended Soils as a Predictor of Phosphorus Concentration in Runoff PDF Download
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Author: Laura Elizabeth Harstad
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Nutrient over-loading in many dairy manure-amended soils in the dairy producing areas of Texas has led to environmental problems as such eutrophication of local surface water bodies. One of the nutrients contributing to eutrophication problems is phosphorus (P). This project focused on fractionation and solubility of selected P forms in an effort to determine a relationship with P found in runoff from dairy manureamend soils. Ten soils (5 calcareous, 5 noncalcareous) were collected from the dairy producing areas of Texas. Triplicate soil samples were analyzed for 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm depths. An acid-base extraction method was used to determine total P (TP), inorganic P, and organic P. Sequential extractions were used to determine the loosely-bound P, iron (Fe) phosphates, aluminum (Al) phosphates, reductant soluble P, occluded apatite P, and calcium (Ca) phosphates for calcareous and noncalcareous samples. The ammonium oxalate method was used to determine extractable Fe, Al, and silicon (Si). Potassium chloride extraction was used to determine soluble Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, and P.A weak NaOH extract was used to determined the amount of bioavalible P. Dissolved P in runoff events and soil pH were collected in a previous study. Calcareous and noncalcareous soils displayed varying concentrations of P indifferent fractions and with separate comparisons, stronger relationships could be achieved. It was also determined that KCl soluble Mg could be used as a predictor for dissolved and total P in runoff for calcareous soils (r2's ranging from 0.865 to 0.928 and 0.801 to 0.886, respectively). Ammonium oxalate extractable Al also yielded high correlations in calcareous soils for dissolved and total P in runoff (r2 ranging from 0.798 to 0.991 and 0.766 to 0.973, respectively). In noncalareous soils, pH resulted in a less correlated relationship with dissolved P (r2 = 0.600). This study shows that there are simple and effective ways of predicting dissolved and total P in runoff to improve best management practice recommendations for manure-amended soils.
Author: Laura Elizabeth Harstad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Nutrient over-loading in many dairy manure-amended soils in the dairy producing areas of Texas has led to environmental problems as such eutrophication of local surface water bodies. One of the nutrients contributing to eutrophication problems is phosphorus (P). This project focused on fractionation and solubility of selected P forms in an effort to determine a relationship with P found in runoff from dairy manureamend soils. Ten soils (5 calcareous, 5 noncalcareous) were collected from the dairy producing areas of Texas. Triplicate soil samples were analyzed for 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm depths. An acid-base extraction method was used to determine total P (TP), inorganic P, and organic P. Sequential extractions were used to determine the loosely-bound P, iron (Fe) phosphates, aluminum (Al) phosphates, reductant soluble P, occluded apatite P, and calcium (Ca) phosphates for calcareous and noncalcareous samples. The ammonium oxalate method was used to determine extractable Fe, Al, and silicon (Si). Potassium chloride extraction was used to determine soluble Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, and P.A weak NaOH extract was used to determined the amount of bioavalible P. Dissolved P in runoff events and soil pH were collected in a previous study. Calcareous and noncalcareous soils displayed varying concentrations of P indifferent fractions and with separate comparisons, stronger relationships could be achieved. It was also determined that KCl soluble Mg could be used as a predictor for dissolved and total P in runoff for calcareous soils (r2's ranging from 0.865 to 0.928 and 0.801 to 0.886, respectively). Ammonium oxalate extractable Al also yielded high correlations in calcareous soils for dissolved and total P in runoff (r2 ranging from 0.798 to 0.991 and 0.766 to 0.973, respectively). In noncalareous soils, pH resulted in a less correlated relationship with dissolved P (r2 = 0.600). This study shows that there are simple and effective ways of predicting dissolved and total P in runoff to improve best management practice recommendations for manure-amended soils.
Author: Zhongqi He
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401788073
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
Due to the rapid increase in world population and improving living standards, the global agriculture sector is confronting with challenges for the sustainability of agricultural production and of the environment. Intensive high-yield agriculture is typically dependent on addition of fertilizers (synthetic chemicals, animal manure, etc.). However, non-point nutrient losses from agricultural fields due to fertilization could adversely impact the environment. Increased knowledge on plant nutrient chemistry is required for improving utilization efficiency and minimizing loses from both inorganic and organic nutrient sources. For this purpose, the book is composed of 19 chapters that highlight recent research activities in applied nutrient chemistry geared toward sustainable agriculture and environment. Topics of interest include, but are not limited, to speciation, quantification, and interactions of various plant nutrients and relevant contributories in manure, soil, and plants. This book outlooks emerging researchable issues on alternative utilization and environmental monitoring of manure and other agricultural by products that may stimulate new research ideas and direction in the relevant fields.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 886
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Author: Masami Nanzyo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811312141
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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This open access book is a must-read for students of and beginners in soil science. In a well-organized and easy-to-follow manner, it provides basic outlines of soil minerals, new methods and recent developments in the field, with a special focus on visual aids. The chapters on primary minerals, secondary minerals, non-crystalline inorganic constituents and inorganic constituents sensitive to varying redox conditions will help readers understand the basic components of soils. Further, readers are introduced to new analytical methods with the aid of microscopy and recent developments in the field. Uniquely, the book features case studies on the identification and isolation methods for vivianite crystals from paddy field soils, as well as a useful procedure for identifying noncrystalline constituents such as volcanic glasses and plant opals, which can also be applied to other soils depending on the local conditions. Given its focus and coverage, the book will be useful to all readers who are interested in agronomy, plant production science, agricultural chemistry and environmental science. In addition, it can help biogeochemists further expand their research work on the rhizosphere of wetland plant roots, iron and phosphate dynamics, etc.
Author: Dana Matthew Kirk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Author: M. A. Tabatabai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Runoff from agricultural fields amended with animal manure or fertilizer is a source of phosphorus (P) pollution to surface waters, which can have harmful effects such as eutrophication. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of soil P status and the P composition of manure sources on P in runoff, characterize the effects of manure sources on mass loss of dissolved reactive P (DRP), total dissolved P (TDP), algal available P (AAP) and total P (TP) in runoff, and enhance the PLAT database with respect to soluble P attenuating factor (SPAF) and non-soluble P attenuating factor (NSPAF) values. Soil boxes set at 5% slopes received 7.5 cm hr-1 of simulated rainfall. Study soils included a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy siliceous subactive thermic Arenic Hapludults, a Coastal Plain soil) and a Davidson silt loam (kaolinitic thermic Rhodic Kandiudults, a Piedmont soil). Soil test P concentrations ranged from 16 to 283 mg P kg-1. Sources of P included broiler litter (BRL), breeder manure (BRD), breeder manure treated with three rates of alum (Al2(SO4)3) BRD0-0 kg m-2, BRDL-3.9 kg m-2, and BRDH-7.8 kg m-2 and DAP along with an unamended control. All manure sources were applied at 66 kg P ha-1. Water extractable P (WEP) represented an average of 10?b 6% total P in manure. Runoff samples were taken over a 30-min period. Piedmont soil contained greater amounts of clay, Al and Fe concentrations, and higher P sorption capacities that produced significantly lower DRP, TDP, AAP, and TP losses than the Coastal Plain soil. Runoff P loss did not differ for low and high STP soils of same taxonomy with the exception of AAP mass losses for Coastal Plain soil samples. Water extractable P in manures accounted for all DRP lost in runoff with DRP correlating strongly with WEP concentration (0.9961). A weak relationship between DRP in runoff and WEP applied to soil boxes was observed (R2=0.6547) and increased when a possible outlying manure treatment, BRL, was omitted from r.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 2160
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Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Author: Luke Gatiboni
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889663574
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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