Characterizing Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Through Water Treatment Processes Using F-EEM and HPSEC Methods PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Author: Jean-Phillipe Croue
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583210156
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Author: Mika Silanpää
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128017198
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author’s years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods Includes characterization methods of NOM Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods
Author: Billy H. Kornegay
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583210326
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Author: 尤寧洛
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Author: Saeed Abdallah Baghoth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781138000261
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Natural organic matter (NOM) generally significantly influences water treatment processes such as coagulation, oxidation, adsorption, and membrane filtration. In addition to aesthetic problems such as colour, taste and odour, NOM also contributes to the fouling of filtration membranes, serves as a precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) of health concern during disinfection/oxidation processes, increases the exhaustion and usage rate of activated carbon and may promote microbial growth in water distribution networks. The efficiency of drinking water treatment is affected by both the amount and composition of NOM. Proper NOM characterization enables the targeting of the problematic NOM fractions for removal and transformation. However, the characterization methods used are often laborious, time consuming and may involve extensive sample pre-treatment. High performance size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices were used to characterize NOM relatively quickly and with minimal sample preparation. These and other tools were used to improve our understanding of NOM character and behaviour during drinking water treatment. The study demonstrates the potential of multiple NOM characterization tools for the selection, operation and monitoring of water treatment processes.
Author: Ramila Hishantha Peiris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The objective of this research was to develop fluorescence-based tools that are suitable for performing rapid, accurate and direct characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) and colloidal/particulate substances present in natural water. Most available characterization methods are neither suitable for characterizing all the major NOM fractions such as protein-, humic acid-, fulvic acid- and polysaccharide-like substances as well as colloidal/particulate matter present in natural water nor are they suitable for rapid analyses. The individual and combined contributions of these NOM fractions and colloidal/particulate matter present in natural water contribute to membrane fouling, disinfection by-products formation and undesirable biological growth in drinking water treatment processes and distribution systems. The novel techniques developed in this research therefore, provide an avenue for improved understanding of these negative effects and proactive implementation of control and/or optimization strategies. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) method was used for characterization of NOM and colloidal/particulate matter present in water. Unlike most NOM and colloidal/particulate matter characterization techniques, this method can provide fast and consistent analyses with high instrumental sensitivity. The feasibility of using this method for monitoring NOM at very low concentration levels was also demonstrated with an emphasis on optimizing the instrument parameters necessary to obtain reproducible fluorescence signals. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was used to develop calibration models by correlating the fluorescence EEM intensities of water samples that contained surrogate NOM fractions with their corresponding dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. These fluorescence-based calibration models were found to be suitable for identifying/monitoring the extent of the relative changes that occur in different NOM fractions and the interactions between polysaccharide- and protein-like NOM in water treatment processes and distribution systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) of fluorescence EEMs was identified as a viable tool for monitoring the performance of biological filtration as a pre-treatment step, as well as ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane systems. The principal components (PCs) extracted in this approach were related to the major membrane foulant groups such as humic substances (HS), protein-like and colloidal/particulate matter in natural water. The PC score plots generated using the fluorescence EEMs obtained after just one hour of UF or NF operation could be related to high fouling events likely caused by elevated levels of colloidal/particulate-like material in the biofilter effluents. This fluorescence EEM-based PCA approach was sensitive enough to be used at low organic carbon levels present in NF permeate and has potential as an early detection method to identify high fouling events, allowing appropriate operational countermeasures to be taken. This fluorescence EEM-based PCA approach was also used to extract information relevant to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling behaviour in a bench-scale flat sheet cross flow UF process consisting of cycles of permeation and back-washing. PC score-based analysis revealed that colloidal/particulate matter mostly contributed to reversible fouling, while HS and protein-like matter were largely responsible for irreversible fouling. This method therefore has potential for monitoring modes of membrane fouling in drinking water treatment applications. The above approach was further improved by utilizing the evolution of the PC scores over the filtration time and relating these to membrane fouling by the use of PC scores' balanced-based differential equations. Using these equations the proposed fluorescence-based modeling approach was capable of forecasting UF fouling behaviours with good accuracy based solely on fluorescence data obtained at time = 15 min from the initiation of the filtration process. In addition, this approach was tested experimentally as a basis for optimization by modifying the UF back-washing times with the objective of minimizing energy consumption and maximizing water production. Preliminary optimization results demonstrated the potential of this approach to reduce power consumption by significant percentages. This approach was also useful for identifying the fouling components of the NOM that were contributing to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling. Grand River water (Southwestern Ontario, Canada) was used as the natural water source for developing the techniques presented in this thesis. Future research focusing on testing these methods for monitoring of membrane fouling and treatment processes in large-scale drinking water treatment facilities that experience different sources of raw water would be useful for identifying the limitation of these techniques and areas for improvements.
Author: Mika Sillanpaa
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128242752
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods
Author: Jianming Xu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400756348
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 1060
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Book Description
Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment presents contributions from the 16th Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS 16) held in Hangzhou, China on September 9-14, 2012. It provides a comprehensive and updated research advance in the field of characterization, function, application of humic substances (HS) and natural organic matter (NOM) in environment, agriculture, and industry. A broad range of topics are covered: i) formation, structure and characteristics of HS and NOM; ii) HS/NOM and carbon sequestration; iii) HS/NOM and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients; iv) HS/NOM and the environmental processes of toxic elements and anthropogenic organics; v) HS/NOM, naturally occurring and engineered nanoparticles; vi) HS/NOM, biodiversity and ecosystem health; vii) HS/NOM in water and water treatment; viii) characterization and function of biochar in the environment; and ix) industrial products and application of HS. The book will be an invaluable reference for chemists, biologists, environmental scientists, ecologists, soil scientists, water scientists, agronomists, global change researchers and policy makers. Jianming Xu is Professor and Director at the Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Jianjun Wu is Professor at the Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Yan He is Associate Professor at the Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Author: Jamie Croft
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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