Characterizations of Aircraft Icing Conditions PDF Download
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Author: AC-9C Aircraft Icing Technology Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides various graphical displays of atmospheric variables related to aircraft icing conditions in natural clouds. It is intended as a review of recent developments on the subject, and for stimulating thought on novel ways to arrange and use the available data. Included in this Report is FAR 25 (JAR 25) Appendix C, the established Aircraft Icing Atmospheric Characterization used for engineering design, development, testing and certification of civilian aircraft to fly in aircraft icing conditions. The information presented in this SAE Aerospace Informatino Report (AIR) is revised to reflect current icing certification procedures. The document is technically correct for Appendix C icing conditions, is mature and is not likely to change in the foreseeable future. There are additional icing condition definitions that have been developed to address supercooled large drop icing and mixed phase/ice crystal conditions. Addition of these icing conditions to this AIR would not fit within the scope of this document. Therefore, the document will not be revised in the future and the intent is to stabilize the document at its Five-Year Review.AIR5396A has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review policy.
Author: AC-9C Aircraft Icing Technology Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides various graphical displays of atmospheric variables related to aircraft icing conditions in natural clouds. It is intended as a review of recent developments on the subject, and for stimulating thought on novel ways to arrange and use the available data. Included in this Report is FAR 25 (JAR 25) Appendix C, the established Aircraft Icing Atmospheric Characterization used for engineering design, development, testing and certification of civilian aircraft to fly in aircraft icing conditions. The information presented in this SAE Aerospace Informatino Report (AIR) is revised to reflect current icing certification procedures. The document is technically correct for Appendix C icing conditions, is mature and is not likely to change in the foreseeable future. There are additional icing condition definitions that have been developed to address supercooled large drop icing and mixed phase/ice crystal conditions. Addition of these icing conditions to this AIR would not fit within the scope of this document. Therefore, the document will not be revised in the future and the intent is to stabilize the document at its Five-Year Review.AIR5396A has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review policy.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Approximately 28,000 nautical miles (52,000 km) of select, in-flight measurements of cloud water concentrations, droplet sizes, temperatures, and other variables in supercooled clouds over portions of North America, Europe, and the northern oceans have been condensed into a computerized database for deriving a worldwide, statistical description of aircraft icing conditions aloft. The data are compared with the currently accepted envelopes of icing cloud variables specified in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 25 and 29 Appendix C for the design of aircraft ice protection equipment. There are differences, along with some deficiencies, unrealistic trends, and difficulties in the use of Appendix C. As a result, suggestions are made for updating, modernizing, and improving the currently accepted envelopes in Appendix C.
Author: Morton Glass
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
A series of passes on 6 December 1979 through multilayered-supercooled stratiform and stratocumulus clouds by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's instrumented C-130E cloud physics research aircraft is used to evaluate a Rosemount Ice Detector. The response of the detector to icing conditions is compared with measurements from a J-W liquid water content meter and the Knollenberg Axial Scattering Spectrometer Probe (ASSP). A procedure to adjust for zero drift of the J-W instrument is developed. Comparison of liquid water measurements from the J-W and from the ASSP indicate that these data are highly correlated and similar in magnitude. A procedure for extracting useful information from the Rosemount Ice detector has been developed. The icing conditions in the cloud systems studied are typical of the range of conditions in winter stratiform clouds. Liquid water (LWC) values of 0.3 g/cu m and median volume diameters of 15 micrometers were most frequently observed. The results of the analysis show that the Rosemount Ice Detector is a sensitive indicator of the fluctuations of liquid water in clouds with LWC not exceeding 0.8 g/cu m -3.
Author: Terry T. Lankford
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 9780071341394
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Required reading for every pilot, this resource identifies different icing types -- including new phenomena such as supercolled drizzle droplets. Covers both ground and airborne icing for VFR and IFR pilots in high- and low-level operations.
Author: United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Charles Curtis Ryerson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Remote-sensing systems that map aircraft icing conditions in the flight path from airports or aircraft would allow icing to be avoided and exited. Icing remote-sensing system development requires consideration of the operational environment, the meteorological environment, and the technology available. Operationally, pilots need unambiguous cockpit icing displays for risk management decision-making. Human factors, aircraft integration, integration of remotely sensed icing information into the weather system infrastructures, and avoid-and-exit issues need resolution. An icing remote-sensing system detects cloud and precipitation liquid water, drop size, and temperature. An algorithm is needed to convert these conditions into icing potential estimates for cockpit display. Specification development requires that magnitudes of cloud microphysical conditions and their spatial and temporal variability be understood at multiple scales. The core of an icing remote-sensing system is the technology that senses icing microphysical conditions. Radar and microwave radiometers penetrate clouds and can estimate liquid water and drop size. Airport-based radar or radiometers are the most viable near-term technologies. A radiometer that profiles cloud liquid water, and experimental techniques to use radiometers horizontally, are promising. The most critical operational research needs are to assess cockpit and aircraft system integration, develop avoid-and-exit protocols, assess human factors, and integrate remote-sensing information into weather and air traffic control infrastructures. This report reviews operational, meteorological, and technological considerations in developing the capability to remotely map in-flight icing conditions from the ground and from the air.
Author: Edward D. Heath
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: K. L. Mittal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119640377
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
