Characterization of waste - Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788325161446
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788325161446
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Author: British Standards Institute Staff
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780580554865
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Wastes, Sludge, Soils, Soil pollution, Bitumens, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Extraction methods of analysis
Author: Mary C. Olson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Contaminated sediments
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Author: Ange Nzihou
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030350207
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1394
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Book Description
This book provides authoritative information, techniques and data necessary for the appropriate understanding of biomass and biowaste (understood as contaminated biomass) composition and behaviour while processed in various conditions and technologies. Numerous techniques for characterizing biomass, biowaste and by-product streams exist in literature. However, there lacks a reference book where these techniques are gathered in a single book, although such information is in increasingly high demand. This handbook provides a wealth of characterization methods, protocols, standards, databases and references relevant to various biomass, biowaste materials and by-products. It specifically addresses sampling and preconditioning methods, extraction techniques of elements and molecules, as well as biochemical, mechanical and thermal characterization methods. Furthermore, advanced and innovative methods under development are highlighted. The characterization will allow the analysis, identification and quantification of molecules and species including biomass feedstocks and related conversion products. The characterization will also provide insight into physical, mechanical and thermal properties of biomass and biowaste as well as the resulting by-products.
Author: Carlos Andres Manzano
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas chromatography
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants and are mostly products of the incomplete combustion of organic material. PAHs are often found in environmental samples as a complex mixture of isomers. In addition, the same sources that produce complex PAH mixtures also produce other poorly characterized mixtures of organic compounds, commonly referred to as an unresolved complex mixture (UCM), that act as matrix interferences in the chromatographic analysis of samples. Conventional one-dimensional chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), are not sufficient for the analysis and quantitation of complex PAH mixtures present in environmental samples due to the high degree of overlap in compound vapor pressures, boiling points, and mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Therefore, the separation and quantitation of complex mixtures of individual PAH compounds in environmental samples requires high chromatographic resolution. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/ToF-MS) was used for this study. GCxGC/ToF-MS uses two different gas chromatographic columns, with different separation mechanisms, for the analysis of complex environmental samples. In theory, the peak capacity in GCxGC/ToF-MS is equivalent to the product of the individual peak capacities of each column used. However, in practice, this is rarely obtained because of the existing correlation between the two GC columns used. This dissertation is a compilation of three studies related to analytical method development for the identification and quantitation of complex PAH mixtures (including parent-PAHs, alkyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs, nitro-PAHs, thio-PAHs, chloro-PAHs, bromo-PAHs and PAHs with molecular weight higher than 300 Da) that may be present in environmental samples using novel column combinations in GCxGC/ToF-MS. The use of a liquid crystal column (LC-50) in the first dimension, followed by a nano-stationary phase column (NSP-35) in the second dimension, was evaluated for the separation of a standard PAH mixture containing 97 different PAHs. Two standard reference materials purchased from NIST (NIST SRM1650b - Diesel Particulate Matter and NIST SRM1975 - Diesel Extract) were used, after extraction and cleanup, for method validation and comparison between the commonly used non-polar x polar column combination and the LC-50 x NSP-35 column combination with high orthogonality. As part of the method validation, an aliquot of NIST SRM1975 (Diesel extract), without sample cleanup was also analyzed for PAHs, showing that the LC-50 x NSP-35 column combination was accurate (with an average absolute percent difference of approximately 30%) for the identification and quantitation of complex PAH mixtures in environmental samples, with reduced sample preparation prior to analysis. In addition, the LC-50 x NSP-35 column combination was used for the analysis of PAHs sorbed to polystyrene pellets deployed in an urban bay area as passive water samplers because one-dimensional GC/MS was ineffective due to the presence of a strong unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and matrix interferences.
Author: Jianming Yang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811676836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
This book interprets the economic benefits and social benefits brought about by zero waste. Beginning with the general history of waste, its mechanism and different categories, this book first explores waste management and resourcing technology around the world nowadays. It then elaborates on the concept and practices of zero waste, discussing about the relationship between zero waste and eco-design, and about relative international standards. At last, it points out that zero waste could be the pathway from linear economy to circular economy, backed up by theories and practices. This book offers a clear direction for companies and organizations about environment. It can also be used as a sustainable development strategy handbook for executives in companies and organizations.
Author: Mohamed Elrutb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Factors affecting the detennination of PAHs by capillary GC/MS were studied. The effect of the initial column temperature and the injection solvent on the peak areas and heights of sixteen PAHs, considered as priority pollutants, USillg crosslinked methyl silicone (DB!) and 5% diphenyl, 94% dimethyl, 1% vinyl polysiloxane (DBS) columns was examined. The possibility of using high boiling point alcohols especially butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol, and hexanol as injection solvents was investigated. Studies were carried out to optimize the initial column temperature for each of the alcohols. It was found that the optimum initial column temperature is dependent on the solvent employed. The peak areas and heights of the PAHs are enhanced when the initial column temperature is 10-20 c above the boiling point of the solvent using DB5 column, and the same or 10 C above the boiling point of the solvent using DB1 column. Comparing the peak signals of the PAHs using the alcohols, p-xylene, n-octane, and nonane as injection solvents, hexanol gave the greatest peak areas and heights of the PAHs particularly the late-eluted peaks. The detection limits were at low pg levels, ranging from 6.0 pg for fluorene t9 83.6 pg for benzo(a)pyrene. The effect of the initial column temperature on the peak shape and the separation efficiency of the PARs was also studied using DB1 and DB5 columns. Fronting or splitting of the peaks was obseIVed at very low initial column temperature. When high initial column temperature was used, tailing of the peaks appeared. Great difference between DB! and.DB5 columns in the range of the initial column temperature in which symmetrical.peaks of PAHs can be obtained is observed. Wider ranges were shown using DB5 column. Resolution of the closely-eluted PAHs was also affected by the initial column temperature depending on the stationary phase employed. In the case of DB5, only the earlyeluted PAHs were affected; whereas, with DB1, all PAHs were affected. An analytical procedure utilizing solid phase extraction with bonded phase silica (C8) cartridges combined with GC/MS was developed to analyze PAHs in water as an alternative method to those based on the extraction with organic solvent. This simple procedure involved passing a 50 ml of spiked water sample through C8 bonded phase silica cartridges at 10 ml/min, dried by passing a gentle flow of nitrogen at 20 ml/min for 30 sec, and eluting the trapped PAHs with 500 Jll of p-xylene at 0.3 ml/min. The recoveries of PAHs were greater than 80%, with less than 10% relative standard deviations of nine determinations. No major contaminants were present that could interfere with the recognition of PAHs. It was also found that these bonded phase silica cartridges can be re-used for the extraction of PAHs from water.
Author: Ebru Mehmetli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402066422
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
Using a scientific approach to identify and take action against persistent organic pollutants (POPs), this book focuses on preventative measures to manage POPs at their source. Readers get a complete overview of existing POPs monitoring activities and programs. Moreover, readers discover the full range of remediation methods and the latest advances in the measurement of POPs. In addition, the authors discuss how POPs affect health.
Author: Deanna M. Bobak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Contaminated sediments
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are globally found contaminants, classified into two main groups: petrogenic and pyrogenic. Petrogenic PAHs are introduced naturally into the environment by oil seeps or anthropogenically by spills of crude or refined petroleum product. Pyrogenic PAHs are formed from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel or biomass and are commonly distributed by atmospheric deposition and urban runoff. The persistence and toxicity of PAHs make them a target for remedial investigations. Otter Creek, northwest Ohio, is a small tributary to Maumee Bay and has been associated with natural oil and multiple incidents of crude/refined oil spills. As part of the greater Maumee River Area of Concern, PAH contamination has been documented, but never attributed to sources. Knowledge of PAH type may help in remedial actions planned for the creek. A modified EPA Method 8270 was used for the analysis of 23 Otter Creek sediment samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A suite of 44 non-alkylated and alkylated PAHs was identified and quantified in selected ion monitoring mode. PAH source allocation was accomplished through compilation of diagnostic data, including distribution histograms of homologous PAH series, key diagnostic ratios, and principal component analysis. Total PAH concentrations in Otter Creek ranged from 10.9 to 3015.0 mg kg-1. Sites located at the headwaters had relatively low concentrations compared with downstream sites associated with PAH point sources and were considered baseline values of PAH contamination. Pyrogenic PAHs associated with urban background were prevalent in the headwaters section of the creek. As proximity to known point sources increased, total PAH concentrations increased and sediments exhibited mixing of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. Mixed signatures were predominant over the refinery and residential stretches of the creek. Furthest downstream, the industrial portion of Otter Creek contained the highest PAH concentrations and mainly petrogenic features.
