Characterization of Cluster/monomer Ratio in Pulsed Supersonic Gas Jets PDF Download
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Author: Xiaohui Gao (doctor of physics.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Cluster mass fraction is an elusive quantity to measure, calculate or estimate accurately for pulsed supersonic gas jets typical of intense laser experiments. The optimization of this parameter is critical for transient phase-matched harmonic generation in an ionized cluster jet at high laser intensity. We present an in-depth study of a rapid, noninvasive, single-shot optical method of determining cluster mass fraction f[subscript c](r, t) at specified positions r within, and at time t after opening the valve of, a high-pressure pulsed supersonic gas jet. A ~ 2 mJ fs pump pulse ionizes the monomers, causing an immediate drop in the jet's refractive index n[subscript jet] proportional to monomer density, while simultaneously initiating hydrodynamic expansion of the clusters. The latter leads to a second drop in n[subscript jet] that is proportional to cluster density and is delayed by ~ 1 ps. A temporally stretched probe pulse measures the 2-step index evolution in a single shot by frequency domain holography, enabling recovery of f[subscript c]. We present the theory behind recovery of f[subscript c] in detail. We also present extensive measurements of spatio-temporal profiles f[subscript c](r, t) of cluster mass fraction in a high-pressure supersonic argon jet for various values of backing pressure P, and reservoir temperature T.
Author: Xiaohui Gao (doctor of physics.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Cluster mass fraction is an elusive quantity to measure, calculate or estimate accurately for pulsed supersonic gas jets typical of intense laser experiments. The optimization of this parameter is critical for transient phase-matched harmonic generation in an ionized cluster jet at high laser intensity. We present an in-depth study of a rapid, noninvasive, single-shot optical method of determining cluster mass fraction f[subscript c](r, t) at specified positions r within, and at time t after opening the valve of, a high-pressure pulsed supersonic gas jet. A ~ 2 mJ fs pump pulse ionizes the monomers, causing an immediate drop in the jet's refractive index n[subscript jet] proportional to monomer density, while simultaneously initiating hydrodynamic expansion of the clusters. The latter leads to a second drop in n[subscript jet] that is proportional to cluster density and is delayed by ~ 1 ps. A temporally stretched probe pulse measures the 2-step index evolution in a single shot by frequency domain holography, enabling recovery of f[subscript c]. We present the theory behind recovery of f[subscript c] in detail. We also present extensive measurements of spatio-temporal profiles f[subscript c](r, t) of cluster mass fraction in a high-pressure supersonic argon jet for various values of backing pressure P, and reservoir temperature T.
Author: Vladimir E. Fortov
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319189530
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 714
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Book Description
With its many beautiful colour pictures, this book gives fascinating insights into the unusual forms and behaviour of matter under extremely high pressures and temperatures. These extreme states are generated, among other things, by strong shock, detonation and electric explosion waves, dense laser beams, electron and ion beams, hypersonic entry of spacecraft into dense atmospheres of planets and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic, this book will inform and fascinate all scientists dealing with materials properties and physics and also serve as an excellent introduction to plasma-, shock-wave and high-energy-density physics for students and newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition is thoroughly revised and expanded, in particular with new material on high energy-density physics, nuclear explosions and other nuclear transformation processes.
Author: F. S. Billig
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Dynamical processes in a cluster environment are presented. The experimental and theoretical papers include work on: reactions of clusters, photodynamics, caging effects, tunneling, global potential energy surfaces, transition state spectroscopy and reactions induced by clustering. Faraday Discussions documents a long-established series of Faraday Discussion meetings which provide a unique international forum for the exchange of views and newly acquired results in developing areas of physical chemistry, biophysical chemistry and chemical physics. The papers presented are published in the Faraday Discussion volume together with a record of the discussion contributions made at the meeting. Faraday Discussions therefore provide an important record of current international knowledge and views in the field concerned.
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1460
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Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Physics
Languages : en
Pages : 1248
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1192
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Author: Eberhard J. Jaeschke
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319143934
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 1036
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