Changing Social Institutions to Improve the Status of Women in Developing Countries PDF Download
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Author: Johannes Jütting
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Johannes Jütting
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author:
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Languages : en
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Author: Johannes P. Jütting
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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One of the long-standing ...
Author: Johannes: Morrisson Jutting (Christian)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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One of the long-standing priorities of the international community is to reduce gender disparity in developing countries. Yet, the overall picture is still gloomy: women continue to be excluded from access to resources and employment and are denied basic human rights. This Policy Brief explains why progress has been so minimal and what should be done about it. Recent Development Centre research (Morrisson and Jutting, 2004, 2005; Morrisson and Friedrich, 2004) has shown the institutional framework as key to understanding the economic role of women in developing countries, yet this framework has not received the attention it deserves. This Policy Brief summarises the lessons from this and other research to answer three questions. First, why are social institutions so important for gender equality? Second, what obstacles impede reforms of discriminatory social institutions, and why is progress so limited? Third, what policy lessons emerge for donors? Feminist studies emphasised the major role of institutions for gender inequality early and repeatedly (Elson, 1991; Marchand and Parpart, 1995; Parpart, 1993). They argued that patriarchal structures perpetuate gender inequality. To overcome it, women must challenge existing power relations and change or abolish patriarchal institutions. A landmark World Bank study on gender equality (2001) also puts priority on the need to reform institutions to establish equal rights and opportunities for women and men. Within the overall institutional setting, social institutions and cultural practices -- i.e. laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct -- often are the main sources of persisting discrimination against women in developing countries. Examples include polygamy, unequal inheritance rights, obstacles to free movement and early, family-imposed marriages of teenagers. Where traditions still largely determine people's behaviour, standard policies to promote gender equality -- building more schools, giving micro-credit to women and so on -- are important but not sufficient. Building schools where custom or tradition forbids girls to leave the house alone after puberty will not make much difference. Giving micro-credit to women in rural villages where they are denied access to land, technology and information will not deliver the desired effects. Finding options to address unfavourable institutional frameworks presents a tremendous challenge. Quick fixes or blueprints of reforms will not work and could be counter-productive. Donor intervention in social institutions is particularly difficult, because they are highly sensitive and action could easily be viewed as "cultural imperialism". The Human Development Report 2004 addresses the definition of cultural liberty and how it relates to social institutions. "... [N]either cultural freedom nor respect for diversity should be confused with the defence of tradition. Cultural liberty is the ability of people to live and be what they choose, with adequate opportunity to consider other options" (UNDP, 2004, p. 4). Promoting change in social institutions is not a step against cultural liberty but allows women to make their own decisions. Promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women is not a western view imposed on developing countries. All 191 member states of the UN unanimously adopted it in the United Nations Development Declaration (Millennium Development Goal Three). (A bibliography is included. Contains 1 footnote, 3 figures and 1 box.).
Author: Oecd
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN: 9789264535855
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Author: Kartik Chandra Roy
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812709967
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Since women account for almost 50 percent of the world's population, the sustainability of development of the global economy can be greatly impaired if the state authorities in individual countries pay less attention to the improvement in the socio-economic status of women relative to men. Improvement in socio-economic status which facilitates empowerment of individuals is greatly dependent on conducive informal institutions and state institutions. This book is the first of its kind to critically examine the role of these institutions in women's empowerment in five continents in the world. The analysis of the role of institutions in individual countries is underpinned by a robust theoretical background presented in the first three chapters. The chapters on individual countries also include a section dealing with recommendations for changes in state policies affecting women's empowerment.
Author: Man Singh Das
Publisher: M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN: 9788185880532
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
The book focuses on the past traditional roles of women and also identifies direction of change,rate of change and the causes of change in women's status.It hasalso been pointed out that these recent developments in the status of women may become the future sociology of changing sex roles in the developing countries and may recast marriage and family in new and different molds.
Author: Holly A. Ritchie
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131740405X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
George Bernard Shaw once said that reasonable people adapt themselves to the world but unreasonable people adapt the world to themselves. In a sense, this book explores how these so-called ‘unreasonable people’ may interact to re-fashion the world around them in fragile economic development. Drawing on empirical research in the volatile and traditional context of Afghanistan, the study investigates the challenge of poor women’s participation in business and diverse outcomes for local development. Institutional Innovation and Change in Value Chain Development takes a unique look at nuanced institutional phenomena through the lens of social institutions, with a subtle appreciation of the interaction of structure and agency. Drawing on in-depth qualitative research in Afghanistan, the case studies specifically investigate the transformation of the women’s norm of purdah, and the subsequent development of new market institutions in three women’s enterprises. Shedding new light on the opaque process of institutional change, the research shows that external actors (such as NGOs) can both initiate and guide institutional development in fragile environments. Yet there may be limitations to their endeavours, with strong resistance from local power holders. Meanwhile, dominant entrepreneurs are shown to play a major role in fostering institutional development pathways. This influences the scope of inclusion and exclusion in enterprise and value chains, and broader streams of socio-economic development.
Author: Kyle Maurice Woosnam
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003806953
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
This book provides the reader with a fresh perspective on the use of theory in the body of research centred on social impacts of tourism. Theory is advanced in three primary forms within this volume. Some apply novel frameworks (e.g., theory of interaction ritual; degrowth paradigm; and mere exposure theory) to contexts involving destination residents. Others consider various uniquely complemented theoretical frameworks (e.g., social exchange theory and affect theory of exchange; Weber’s theory of rationality and Foucauldian constructs; and emotional solidarity and cognitive appraisal theory). Still others develop theoretical frameworks (e.g., influence of presumed influence model, elaboration likelihood model, and social exchange theory; tourist-resident social contact; quality of life; and socio-ecological systems theory and chaos theory) for others to potentially consider and test. The chapters in this edited volume contribute to the evolving advancement of theoretical applications within the research area of social impacts of tourism. This book will be of great interest to all upper-level students and researchers in tourism, planning and related fields. The chapters in this volume were originally published as a special issue of Journal of Sustainable Tourism.
Author: Ana María Muñoz Boudet
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082139892X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
Based on focus groups and interviews with nearly 4,000 women, men, girls, and boys from 20 countries, this book explores areas that are less often studied in gender and development: gender norms and agency. It reveals how little gender norms have changed, how similar they are across countries, and how they are being challenged and contested.
