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Author: Denise Vagt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Objective: This study examined mood changes that occurred in student-athletes after they sustained a sports related concussion (SRC). Previous research has demonstrated an increase in depressive symptoms following SRC and other non-head related injuries. However, the prevalence and relative intensities of these depressive symptoms in student-athlete populations have not been fully investigated. This study will provide athletes, trainers, physicians, and other related staff with additional information about expected mood changes following injury that will allow swifter and more targeted interventions. Method: All athletes at an NCAA Division II university completed baseline assessments that included both cognitive and affective measures. Athletes who sustained a SRC during the following academic year completed the assessment battery again, including affective measures, at 24-48 hours post trauma, approximately 7-10 days post-trauma, and in follow-up evaluations as needed. A control group of same aged college peers who did not experience a concussion during the time period they participated in the study also completed a brief mood measure at three time points during the study year. Differences among the mood measure scores between the concussed student-athlete group and the control group were examined. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a brief depression screener, was the primary mood measure used. Results: Initial baseline PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher for the SRC group than the control group. Relative change from baseline to post-trauma was significantly different between the groups, with the SRC group demonstrating an increase in depressive symptoms after concussion injury compared to non-injured controls. However, this increase in depressive symptoms resolved and PHQ-9 scores returned to baseline levels for the SRC group at follow-up; PHQ-9 score for the control group remained stable over time. Examination of a brief three item list of mood related symptoms from a larger symptom inventory revealed the same pattern of performance: individuals in the SRC group tended to endorse more negative mood changes with greater severity during their post-trauma evaluation than they did at baseline or follow-up. Conclusions: There is an increase in student-athlete endorsement of depressive symptoms after sustaining a concussion as compared to non-injured controls. However, this increase is not great enough to increase the mean PHQ-9 score into the clinical range, indicating post-trauma depression screening scores, on average, are still in the non-clinical range. After sustaining a concussion injury student-athletes are more likely to report depressive symptoms during the window of 24 hours to 7-10 days post-trauma. This indicates interventions targeted at alleviating mood change after concussion need to be implemented within 1-3 days post-trauma and emphasizes the importance of early detection in this population.
Author: Denise Vagt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Objective: This study examined mood changes that occurred in student-athletes after they sustained a sports related concussion (SRC). Previous research has demonstrated an increase in depressive symptoms following SRC and other non-head related injuries. However, the prevalence and relative intensities of these depressive symptoms in student-athlete populations have not been fully investigated. This study will provide athletes, trainers, physicians, and other related staff with additional information about expected mood changes following injury that will allow swifter and more targeted interventions. Method: All athletes at an NCAA Division II university completed baseline assessments that included both cognitive and affective measures. Athletes who sustained a SRC during the following academic year completed the assessment battery again, including affective measures, at 24-48 hours post trauma, approximately 7-10 days post-trauma, and in follow-up evaluations as needed. A control group of same aged college peers who did not experience a concussion during the time period they participated in the study also completed a brief mood measure at three time points during the study year. Differences among the mood measure scores between the concussed student-athlete group and the control group were examined. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a brief depression screener, was the primary mood measure used. Results: Initial baseline PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher for the SRC group than the control group. Relative change from baseline to post-trauma was significantly different between the groups, with the SRC group demonstrating an increase in depressive symptoms after concussion injury compared to non-injured controls. However, this increase in depressive symptoms resolved and PHQ-9 scores returned to baseline levels for the SRC group at follow-up; PHQ-9 score for the control group remained stable over time. Examination of a brief three item list of mood related symptoms from a larger symptom inventory revealed the same pattern of performance: individuals in the SRC group tended to endorse more negative mood changes with greater severity during their post-trauma evaluation than they did at baseline or follow-up. Conclusions: There is an increase in student-athlete endorsement of depressive symptoms after sustaining a concussion as compared to non-injured controls. However, this increase is not great enough to increase the mean PHQ-9 score into the clinical range, indicating post-trauma depression screening scores, on average, are still in the non-clinical range. After sustaining a concussion injury student-athletes are more likely to report depressive symptoms during the window of 24 hours to 7-10 days post-trauma. This indicates interventions targeted at alleviating mood change after concussion need to be implemented within 1-3 days post-trauma and emphasizes the importance of early detection in this population.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309288037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Author: R. Davis Moore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Mood is helpful in everyday life. It is used to signal states of the self, direct attention by influencing our information search; take broader and more flexible approaches to problems and ready behavioral responses. However, if mood is not well regulated, it can lead to maladaptive behaviors particularly when they are of the wrong type, intensity, or duration for a given context. Indeed, mood disorders such as depression are now estimated by the World Health Organisation to be the greatest cause of disability worldwide. Accumulating research into affective dysregulation suggest that the prefrontal cortex plays a role in the regulation of mood. One common injury of the prefrontal cortex is concussion, which account for 70 to 90% of all brain injuries. Recent research on possible affective alterations caused by concussion suggests an association between disturbances in mood states and sport-related brain injuries. To date, although accumulating research details the affective outcomes following a concussion, most of the relevant evidence comes from cross sectional studies. This means that confounding factors such as time since injury or other variables may interfer in the relationship between concussion and alterations in mood states. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to fill an important knowledge gap regarding the mood health of athletes following a concussion. Specifically, by using standard questionnaires in psychological research and clinical practice, we assessed the mood state of asymptomatic athletes before and after a concussion. Twenty-one collegiate athletes (age = 20.81 u00b1 1.72) completed the Becku2019s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at baseline, 170.93 u00b1 188.83 days prior to a concussion and 7.70 u00b1 8.06 days following concussion. Athletes actively participating in hockey, soccer, football, and rugby were recruited directly from university sports teams via the university sports medicine clinic. The attending sports-medicine physician diagnosed all concussions within 24 hours of injury. On the POMS subscales, athletes reported lower tension (p = 0.003) one week following the injury (5.43 u00b1 3.68) compared to preinjury scores (7.67 u00b1 4.39). Although the present findings suggest a concussion does not cause mood alterations so important as to change a patientu2019s diagnostic label, results from this study suggest that concussions could be associated with subtle mood alterations. Further, these alterations are selective to tension symptoms. The implications of the current findings are much broader, as they suggest that removal from play or pressure from coaches and teammates are likely not the only underlying factors that trigger mood changes in athletes, as has been previously suggested.
Author: Samantha Transou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Author's abstract: Context: This study considered the difference in psychological response to concussion compared with that of musculoskeletal injuries over time. The psychological response to musculoskeletal injuries has been well documented, however, research on the psychological response to concussion is lacking. The Profile of Mood States and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to assess the psychological recovery of concussions and could be easily added to a concussion test battery. The information provided by these inventories could also help to identify an atypical psychological response that may lead to lifelong psychological disorders, many of which have been linked to history of concussion. Objectives: Compare the psychological responses of student-athletes who have been diagnosed with a concussions to those of athletes diagnosed with musculoskeletal injuries with similar recovery duration Design: Prospective longitudinal study Setting: NCAA Division I University in Southeast Georgia Participants: Twenty Division I collegiate athletes sustaining a musculoskeletal injury were recruited, after exclusion 15 musculoskeletal participants were included in the study. The musculoskeletal participants were matched with 15 previously collected concussion participants. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were the scores of STAI (state anxiety only) and POMS constructs: tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia, depressiondejection, vigor-activity, confusion-bewilderment, and total mood disturbance. Results: Seven two-way ANOVAs were run to compare the scores on the psychological inventories used in the study. The ANOVA for the POMS subscales anger-hostility, fatigueinertia, depression-dejection, confusion-bewilderment, and total mood disturbance revealed significant main effects for time for both groups, but no differences were seen between groups. The ANOVA for the POMS subscales tension-anxiety and vigor-activity as well as the STAI revealed no main effects for time or group. The POMS scores improved over time in both the concussion and the musculoskeletal groups. The scores for the STAI improved at the exercise day 1 time point but increased again at return to play, resulting in a U shaped trend. No significant difference was found between groups or time points. Conclusion: The findings of this study contradict previous research which stated that musculoskeletal injuries had more severe psychological responses than concussions. The current study's results that both musculoskeletal and concussion groups' psychological response to injury improves over time and at a similar rate. The results could be the result of the study design. The similar psychological response that was found between the concussion and musculoskeletal participants could either be due to loss of playing time and pain or a neurometabolic reaction in the brain.
Author: NCAA
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781495131752
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498766579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Author: Jeffrey S. Kutcher
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190226609
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
The word concussion was unheard of in youth sports a decade ago. The injury was indeed occurring, but youth athletes were often told to "shake it off" after "getting their bell rung". Science and increased awareness about concussion and brain health have transformed the way youth parents, coaches, and players pursue athletics. Fear of incurring concussions, as well as incomplete or incorrect information, is leading some parents to keep their children out of contact sports, such as football and soccer, where concussion is more prevalent. Back in the Game: Why Concussion Doesn't Have to End Your Athletic Career does not dwell on perpetuating fears but, rather, provides the most up-to-date understanding of the condition. This is a real-world discussion of what science and medicine know, what parents and coaches need to understand about concussion, evaluation and treatment, and what possible post-concussive issues exist. The expertise and experiences of noted sports neurologist Jeffrey S. Kutcher, MD, along with reporting and interviews by award-winning sports journalist Joanne C. Gerstner, make this book a timely, relevant, and real discussion about concussions in youth sports. Athletes and professional coaches who have participated in the formation of this book include two-time Olympic gold medalist soccer player Kate Markgraf, former NHL/Team Canada head coach Andy Murray, champion X-Games snowboarder Ellery Hollingsworth, along with an array of youth parents, coaches, and athletes from across the country.
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466565993
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 718
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Book Description
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Author: Mark Lovell
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9789026519611
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 532
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in sports has become an important international public health issue over the past two decades. However, until recently, return to play decisions following a sports-related traumatic brain injury have been based on anecdotal evidence and have not been based on scientifically validated clinical protocols. Over the past decade, the field of Neuropsychology has become an increasingly important component of the return to play decision making process following TBI. Neuropsychological assessment instruments are increasingly being adapted for use with athletes throughout the world and the field of sports neuropsychology appears to be a rapidly evolving subspecialty. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of neuropsychological assessment instruments in sports, and it is structured to present a global perspective on contemporary research. In addition to a review of current research, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports: An International Neuropsychological Perspective, presents a thorough review of current clinical models that are being implemented internationally within American and Australian rules football, soccer, boxing, ice hockey, rugby and equestrian sports.
Author: Mark Fainaru-Wada
Publisher: Crown
ISBN: 0770437567
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The story of how the NFL, over a period of nearly two decades, denied and sought to cover up mounting evidence of the connection between football and brain damage “League of Denial may turn out to be the most influential sports-related book of our time.”—The Boston Globe “Professional football players do not sustain frequent repetitive blows to the brain on a regular basis.” So concluded the National Football League in a December 2005 scientific paper on concussions in America’s most popular sport. That judgment, implausible even to a casual fan, also contradicted the opinion of a growing cadre of neuroscientists who worked in vain to convince the NFL that it was facing a deadly new scourge: a chronic brain disease that was driving an alarming number of players—including some of the all-time greats—to madness. In League of Denial, award-winning ESPN investigative reporters Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru tell the story of a public health crisis that emerged from the playing fields of our twenty-first-century pastime. Everyone knows that football is violent and dangerous. But what the players who built the NFL into a $10 billion industry didn’t know—and what the league sought to shield from them—is that no amount of padding could protect the human brain from the force generated by modern football, that the very essence of the game could be exposing these players to brain damage. In a fast-paced narrative that moves between the NFL trenches, America’s research labs, and the boardrooms where the NFL went to war against science, League of Denial examines how the league used its power and resources to attack independent scientists and elevate its own flawed research—a campaign with echoes of Big Tobacco’s fight to deny the connection between smoking and lung cancer. It chronicles the tragic fates of players like Hall of Fame Pittsburgh Steelers center Mike Webster, who was so disturbed at the time of his death he fantasized about shooting NFL executives, and former San Diego Chargers great Junior Seau, whose diseased brain became the target of an unseemly scientific battle between researchers and the NFL. Based on exclusive interviews, previously undisclosed documents, and private emails, this is the story of what the NFL knew and when it knew it—questions at the heart of a crisis that threatens football, from the highest levels all the way down to Pop Warner.
