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Author: Alfred S. Evans
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306442834
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
A historical review of the evolution of concepts, postulates and guidelines concerning disease causation from early germ theory to current work in the area of chronic noncontagious diseases. Students and researchers in epidemiology, clinical medicine, microbiology and related fields will value discussion of changing criteria as these apply to speci
Author: Alfred S. Evans
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306442834
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
A historical review of the evolution of concepts, postulates and guidelines concerning disease causation from early germ theory to current work in the area of chronic noncontagious diseases. Students and researchers in epidemiology, clinical medicine, microbiology and related fields will value discussion of changing criteria as these apply to speci
Author: Rodolfo Saracci
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191609242
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
What is epidemiology? What are the causes of a new disease? How can pandemics be prevented? Epidemiology is the study of the changing patterns of disease and its main aim is to improve the health of populations. It's a vital field, central to the health of society, to the identification of causes of disease, and to their management and prevention. Epidemiology has had an impact on many areas of medicine; from discovering the relationship between tobacco smoking and lung cancer, to the origin and spread of new epidemics. However, it is often poorly understood, largely due to misrepresentations in the media. In this Very Short Introduction Rodolfo Saracci dispels some of the myths surrounding the study of epidemiology. He provides a general explanation of the principles behind clinical trials, and explains the nature of basic statistics concerning disease. He also looks at the ethical and political issues related to obtaining and using information concerning patients, and trials involving placebos. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Author: Raj S. Bhopal
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198739680
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.
Author: Olaf Dammann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429532873
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. This interdisciplinary book provides a convenient and accessible distillation of the current status of research into this developing field, and adds a personal flavor to the discussion by proposing the etiological stance as a comprehensive approach to identify modifiable causes of illness. Key Features • Provides a synthesis of the epidemiological and philosophical concepts in this growing research area • Gives an accessible overview of current methods in biomedical causal metaphysics ̶ what is a cause of illness? ̶ and epistemology ̶ how do we identify it? • Proposes a novel approach that integrates modern epidemiological methodology and recent theories from philosophy of science Written for postgraduate students and researchers in the health and biomedical sciences, including those undertaking courses in the philosophy of medicine/science, public and global health, introduction to epidemiology, research methods, and advanced reasoning, the content will also be of interest to practicing public health workers, biomedical scientists, and physicians. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Olaf Dammann is Professor and Vice Chair of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; as well as a Professor in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Cover image: Mask used by "Eskimo" shaman in causation of illness. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Author: Marit L. Bovbjerg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781955101035
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues.
Author: Kay Codell Carter
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Much of contemporary medical theory and practice focuses on the identification of specific causes of disease. However, this has not always been the case: until the early nineteenth century physicians thought of diseases in quite different terms. The modern quest for causes of disease can be seen as a single Lakatosian research programme. One can track the rise and elaboration of this programme by a series of case histories. The success of work on bacterial diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis tends to eclipse the broad context in which those studies were embedded. Yet, in the 1830s, fifty years before Koch's publications on tuberculosis, specific causes were already being identified for several non-bacterial diseases including scabies, muscardine and ringworm. Moreover, by the end of the century, the quest for specific causes had spread well beyond bacterial diseases. The expanding research programme included Freud's early work on psychopathology, the discovery of viruses, the discovery of vitamins, and the recognition of genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. Existing historical discussions of research in these areas, for example, histories of work on the deficiencies diseases, take the view that success in bacteriology was a positive obstacle to the identification of causes for other kinds of diseases. Treating the quest for causes as a single coherent research programme provides a better understanding of the disease concepts that characterise the last 150 years of medical thought.
Author: Miquel S. Porta
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199976732
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
This edition is the most updated since its inception, is the essential text for students and professionals working in and around epidemiology or using its methods. It covers subject areas - genetics, clinical epidemiology, public health practice/policy, preventive medicine, health promotion, social sciences and methods for clinical research.
Author: Donald Gillies
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317564286
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself. Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based medicine; and philosophy of epidemiology. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine, as well as those working in medicine, nursing and related health disciplines where a working knowledge of causality and probability is required.
Author: J. Mark Melhorn
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781603598682
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This second edition publication is an essential resource for health care professionals who need to make informed, evidence-based decisions that determine causation for injury and work-related conditions. Users are able to strengthen their opinion by linking clinical findings to a specific cause-whether related to the workplace, genetic makeup, a unique event or a combination of factors. Professionals can provide an informed opinion on workers' compensation or disability cases based on a careful review of an individual's clinical findings when linking (or not linking) the condition in question to medical evidence.
Author: Mark Elwood
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191004944
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 615
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Book Description
This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments.
