Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane for Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Methanol PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane for Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Methanol PDF full book. Access full book title Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane for Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Methanol by Parapari Mohammad Haghighi. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Parapari Mohammad Haghighi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Get Book Here
Book Description
Experimental results were compared to the model predictions. The overall trend of methane and oxygen conversions as well as product selectivities was shown to be well represented by the kinetic model. It is suggested that methane can be activated by Oz or NO2 at the very beginning of the reaction, while further conversion may then proceed when other potential active radicals (0, H, OH, CH30, etc.) are produced in sufficient numbers. Also it is suggested that conversion through CH30 radical could be the major route for methanol production, while formaldehyde is produced via the CH2OH route. The production of C2H6, results from the coupling of CH3 radicals. Carbon oxides are considered to be produced via HCO radical. The experimental and modelling results were used to consider practical implication. It is concluded that the conversion is not thermodynamically favoured and needs to be controlled by chemical kinetics. Methane conversion is increased by temperature, pressures, residence times and nitric oxide addition, while decreased by increasing CH4/02 ratio. Methanol selectivity is enhanced by increasing pressure, CH4/02 ratio, and nitric oxide addition at low pressures, while there is an optimum temperature and residence time for maximum methanol production.
Author: Parapari Mohammad Haghighi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Get Book Here
Book Description
Experimental results were compared to the model predictions. The overall trend of methane and oxygen conversions as well as product selectivities was shown to be well represented by the kinetic model. It is suggested that methane can be activated by Oz or NO2 at the very beginning of the reaction, while further conversion may then proceed when other potential active radicals (0, H, OH, CH30, etc.) are produced in sufficient numbers. Also it is suggested that conversion through CH30 radical could be the major route for methanol production, while formaldehyde is produced via the CH2OH route. The production of C2H6, results from the coupling of CH3 radicals. Carbon oxides are considered to be produced via HCO radical. The experimental and modelling results were used to consider practical implication. It is concluded that the conversion is not thermodynamically favoured and needs to be controlled by chemical kinetics. Methane conversion is increased by temperature, pressures, residence times and nitric oxide addition, while decreased by increasing CH4/02 ratio. Methanol selectivity is enhanced by increasing pressure, CH4/02 ratio, and nitric oxide addition at low pressures, while there is an optimum temperature and residence time for maximum methanol production.
Author: D.M. Bibby
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080960707
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 759
Get Book Here
Book Description
This proceedings volume comprises the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers presented at a symposium organised to mark the successful inauguration of the world's first commercial plant for production of gasoline from natural gas, based on the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. The objectives of the Symposium were to present both fundamental research and engineering aspects of the development and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline processes. These include steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. Possible alternative processes e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons were also considered.The papers in this volume provide a valuable and extremely wide-ranging overview of current research into the various options for natural gas conversion, giving a detailed description of the gas-to-gasoline process and plant. Together, they represent a unique combination of fundamental surface chemistry catalyst characterization, reaction chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization.
Author: Vladimir Arutyunov
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444632514
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321
Get Book Here
Book Description
Direct Methane to Methanol: Foundations and Prospects of the Process offers a state-of-the-art account of one of the most interesting and potentially commercial technologies for direct conversion of natural gas into valuable chemicals. The book thoroughly explains the complex and unusual chemistry of the process, as well as possible applications for direct methane to methanol (DMTM). It covers topics involving thermokinetics, pressure, direct oxidation of heavier alkanes, and more, and provides detailed appendices with experimental data and product yields. This book provides all those who work in the field of gas processing and gas chemistry with the theory and experimental data to develop and apply new processes based on direct oxidation of natural gas. All those who deal with oil and natural gas production and processing will learn about this promising technology for the conversion of gas into more valuable chemicals. - Reviews more than 350 publications on high-pressure, low-temperature oxidation of methane and other gas phase hydrocarbons - Contains rare material available for the first time in English - Explains the reasons of previous failure and outlines the way forward for commercial development of the conversion technology - Presents a deep theoretical knowledge of this complex conversion process
Author: Jianli Hu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429663242
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Get Book Here
Book Description
Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals comprehensively discusses all major aspects of natural gas conversion and introduces a broad spectrum of recent technological developments. Specifically, the book describes heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, microwave-assisted conversion, non-thermal plasma conversion, electrochemical conversion, and novel chemical looping conversion approaches. Provides an excellent benchmark resource for the industry and academics Appeals to experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, despite the variety of contributing authors and the complexity of the material covered Includes all aspects of direct natural gas conversion: fundamental chemistry, different routes of conversion, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, reaction engineering, novel conversion concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development Discusses new developments in natural gas conversion and future challenges and opportunities This book is as an excellent resource for advanced students, technology developers, and researchers in chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, and others interested in the conversion of natural gas.
Author: A. Parmaliana
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537308
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1005
Get Book Here
Book Description
On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow.The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable.These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.
Author: Wolf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401574499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556
Get Book Here
Book Description
A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author: T.H. Fleisch
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537316
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 577
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings.The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings.
Author: Karthik Narsimhan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
Get Book Here
Book Description
As production of shale gas has increased greatly in the United States, the amount of stranded shale gas that is flared as carbon dioxide has become significant enough to be considered an environmental hazard and a wasted resource. The conversion of methane, the primary component of natural gas, into methanol, an easily stored liquid, is of practical interest. However, shale wells are generally inaccessible to reforming facilities, and construction of on-site, conventional methanol synthesis plants is cost prohibitive. Capital costs could be reduced by the direct conversion of methane into methanol at low temperature. Existing strategies for the partial oxidation of methane require harsh solvents, need exotic oxidizing agents, or deactivate easily. Copper-exchanged zeolites have emerged as candidates for methanol production due to high methanol selectivity (> 99%), utilization of oxygen, and low reaction temperature (423-473 K). Despite these advantages, three significant shortcomings exist: 1) the location of surface intermediates on the zeolite is not well understood; 2) methane oxidation is stoichiometric, not catalytic; 3) there are few active sites and methanol yield is low. This work addresses all three shortcomings. First, a new reaction pathway is identified for methane oxidation in copper-exchanged mordenite zeolites using tandem methane oxidation and Koch carbonylation reactions. Methoxy species migrate away from the copper active sites and adsorb onto Bronsted acid sites, signifying spillover on the zeolite surface. Second, a process is developed as the first instance of the catalytic oxidation of methane into methanol at low temperature, in the vapor phase, and using oxygen as the oxidant. A variety of commercially available copper-exchanged zeolites are shown to exhibit stable methanol production with high methanol selectivity. Third, catalytic methanol production rates and methane conversion are further improved 100- fold through the synthetic control of copper speciation in chabazite zeolites. Isolated monocopper species, directed through the one-pot synthesis of copper-exchanged chabazite zeolites, correlates with methane oxidation activity and is likely the precursor to the catalytic site. Together, these synthetic methods provide guidelines for catalyst design and further improvements in catalytic activity.
Author: Eduardo E. Wolf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566
Get Book Here
Book Description
A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author: A. Holmen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080879179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 585
Get Book Here
Book Description
These proceedings reflect the extensive fundamental and applied research efforts that are currently being made on the conversion of gas, in particular on the direct conversion of methane. The Symposium in Oslo focused on the following topics: Direct conversion of methane, Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, methanol conversion and natural gas conversion processes. The main aim was to present the state-of-the-art and progress currently being made within each of these areas. The book contains the papers presented and includes plenary lectures, short communications and posters. The papers will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of gas conversion, transportation fuels, primary petrochemicals and catalysis.
