Author: Ronald L. Carlson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780988488601
Category : Court rules
Languages : en
Pages : 522
Book Description
"This book comprehensively compares Georgia's new evidence code with the corresponding federal evidence rule and prior Georgia evidence law, providing detailed commentary for those new Georgia rules with federal correspondents. It takes the reader through statutory provisions in the new code from OCGA 24-1-1 through 24-10-1008. Carlson on Evidence is presented in a user friendly format, with new Georgia evidence statutes placed at the top of every page of analysis for easy access in the courtroom or office. Each rule section contains the number and text of the new Georgia evidence provisions, a summary of 2013 changes, comparison with the Federal Rules of Evidence, and federal and Georgia case law"--Publisher's website.
Carlson on Evidence
Author: Ronald L. Carlson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780988488601
Category : Court rules
Languages : en
Pages : 522
Book Description
"This book comprehensively compares Georgia's new evidence code with the corresponding federal evidence rule and prior Georgia evidence law, providing detailed commentary for those new Georgia rules with federal correspondents. It takes the reader through statutory provisions in the new code from OCGA 24-1-1 through 24-10-1008. Carlson on Evidence is presented in a user friendly format, with new Georgia evidence statutes placed at the top of every page of analysis for easy access in the courtroom or office. Each rule section contains the number and text of the new Georgia evidence provisions, a summary of 2013 changes, comparison with the Federal Rules of Evidence, and federal and Georgia case law"--Publisher's website.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780988488601
Category : Court rules
Languages : en
Pages : 522
Book Description
"This book comprehensively compares Georgia's new evidence code with the corresponding federal evidence rule and prior Georgia evidence law, providing detailed commentary for those new Georgia rules with federal correspondents. It takes the reader through statutory provisions in the new code from OCGA 24-1-1 through 24-10-1008. Carlson on Evidence is presented in a user friendly format, with new Georgia evidence statutes placed at the top of every page of analysis for easy access in the courtroom or office. Each rule section contains the number and text of the new Georgia evidence provisions, a summary of 2013 changes, comparison with the Federal Rules of Evidence, and federal and Georgia case law"--Publisher's website.
Carlsons' Guide to Evidence Authentication
Author: Ronald L. Carlson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780578637549
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
A courtroom-friendly guide to evidence admissibility.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780578637549
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
A courtroom-friendly guide to evidence admissibility.
Long Way Down
Author: Jason Reynolds
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1481438271
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
“An intense snapshot of the chain reaction caused by pulling a trigger.” —Booklist (starred review) “Astonishing.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review) “A tour de force.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) A Newbery Honor Book A Coretta Scott King Honor Book A Printz Honor Book A Time Best YA Book of All Time (2021) A Los Angeles Times Book Prize Winner for Young Adult Literature Longlisted for the National Book Award for Young People’s Literature Winner of the Walter Dean Myers Award An Edgar Award Winner for Best Young Adult Fiction Parents’ Choice Gold Award Winner An Entertainment Weekly Best YA Book of 2017 A Vulture Best YA Book of 2017 A Buzzfeed Best YA Book of 2017 An ode to Put the Damn Guns Down, this is New York Times bestselling author Jason Reynolds’s electrifying novel that takes place in sixty potent seconds—the time it takes a kid to decide whether or not he’s going to murder the guy who killed his brother. A cannon. A strap. A piece. A biscuit. A burner. A heater. A chopper. A gat. A hammer A tool for RULE Or, you can call it a gun. That’s what fifteen-year-old Will has shoved in the back waistband of his jeans. See, his brother Shawn was just murdered. And Will knows the rules. No crying. No snitching. Revenge. That’s where Will’s now heading, with that gun shoved in the back waistband of his jeans, the gun that was his brother’s gun. He gets on the elevator, seventh floor, stoked. He knows who he’s after. Or does he? As the elevator stops on the sixth floor, on comes Buck. Buck, Will finds out, is who gave Shawn the gun before Will took the gun. Buck tells Will to check that the gun is even loaded. And that’s when Will sees that one bullet is missing. And the only one who could have fired Shawn’s gun was Shawn. Huh. Will didn’t know that Shawn had ever actually USED his gun. Bigger huh. BUCK IS DEAD. But Buck’s in the elevator? Just as Will’s trying to think this through, the door to the next floor opens. A teenage girl gets on, waves away the smoke from Dead Buck’s cigarette. Will doesn’t know her, but she knew him. Knew. When they were eight. And stray bullets had cut through the playground, and Will had tried to cover her, but she was hit anyway, and so what she wants to know, on that fifth floor elevator stop, is, what if Will, Will with the gun shoved in the back waistband of his jeans, MISSES. And so it goes, the whole long way down, as the elevator stops on each floor, and at each stop someone connected to his brother gets on to give Will a piece to a bigger story than the one he thinks he knows. A story that might never know an END…if Will gets off that elevator. Told in short, fierce staccato narrative verse, Long Way Down is a fast and furious, dazzlingly brilliant look at teenage gun violence, as could only be told by Jason Reynolds.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1481438271
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
“An intense snapshot of the chain reaction caused by pulling a trigger.” —Booklist (starred review) “Astonishing.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review) “A tour de force.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) A Newbery Honor Book A Coretta Scott King Honor Book A Printz Honor Book A Time Best YA Book of All Time (2021) A Los Angeles Times Book Prize Winner for Young Adult Literature Longlisted for the National Book Award for Young People’s Literature Winner of the Walter Dean Myers Award An Edgar Award Winner for Best Young Adult Fiction Parents’ Choice Gold Award Winner An Entertainment Weekly Best YA Book of 2017 A Vulture Best YA Book of 2017 A Buzzfeed Best YA Book of 2017 An ode to Put the Damn Guns Down, this is New York Times bestselling author Jason Reynolds’s electrifying novel that takes place in sixty potent seconds—the time it takes a kid to decide whether or not he’s going to murder the guy who killed his brother. A cannon. A strap. A piece. A biscuit. A burner. A heater. A chopper. A gat. A hammer A tool for RULE Or, you can call it a gun. That’s what fifteen-year-old Will has shoved in the back waistband of his jeans. See, his brother Shawn was just murdered. And Will knows the rules. No crying. No snitching. Revenge. That’s where Will’s now heading, with that gun shoved in the back waistband of his jeans, the gun that was his brother’s gun. He gets on the elevator, seventh floor, stoked. He knows who he’s after. Or does he? As the elevator stops on the sixth floor, on comes Buck. Buck, Will finds out, is who gave Shawn the gun before Will took the gun. Buck tells Will to check that the gun is even loaded. And that’s when Will sees that one bullet is missing. And the only one who could have fired Shawn’s gun was Shawn. Huh. Will didn’t know that Shawn had ever actually USED his gun. Bigger huh. BUCK IS DEAD. But Buck’s in the elevator? Just as Will’s trying to think this through, the door to the next floor opens. A teenage girl gets on, waves away the smoke from Dead Buck’s cigarette. Will doesn’t know her, but she knew him. Knew. When they were eight. And stray bullets had cut through the playground, and Will had tried to cover her, but she was hit anyway, and so what she wants to know, on that fifth floor elevator stop, is, what if Will, Will with the gun shoved in the back waistband of his jeans, MISSES. And so it goes, the whole long way down, as the elevator stops on each floor, and at each stop someone connected to his brother gets on to give Will a piece to a bigger story than the one he thinks he knows. A story that might never know an END…if Will gets off that elevator. Told in short, fierce staccato narrative verse, Long Way Down is a fast and furious, dazzlingly brilliant look at teenage gun violence, as could only be told by Jason Reynolds.
Evidence
Author: Ronald L. Carlson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781531002961
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1006
Book Description
Judge Calabresi has pointed out that this is the Age of Statutes, and some commentators have asserted that trial by jury is becoming trial by expert. Therefore, competent attorneys must be adept at working with scientific material and at interpreting statutes. The Eighth Edition of this casebook enables students to learn how to use materials generated by scientific researchers and to develop statutory interpretation skills. The authors emphasize scientific problems, with repeated references to Daubert and its progeny. Evidentiary doctrine coverage is reduced, to allow for deeper treatment of the science behind much of the evidence presented in modern trials. Throughout the text, the Eighth Edition stresses statutory construction skills, and at appropriate points it discusses the contrast between the textualist and legal process schools of legisprudence, all while bringing students up to date on significant recent developments such as the 2017 amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence and the 2016 forensic science report of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781531002961
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1006
Book Description
Judge Calabresi has pointed out that this is the Age of Statutes, and some commentators have asserted that trial by jury is becoming trial by expert. Therefore, competent attorneys must be adept at working with scientific material and at interpreting statutes. The Eighth Edition of this casebook enables students to learn how to use materials generated by scientific researchers and to develop statutory interpretation skills. The authors emphasize scientific problems, with repeated references to Daubert and its progeny. Evidentiary doctrine coverage is reduced, to allow for deeper treatment of the science behind much of the evidence presented in modern trials. Throughout the text, the Eighth Edition stresses statutory construction skills, and at appropriate points it discusses the contrast between the textualist and legal process schools of legisprudence, all while bringing students up to date on significant recent developments such as the 2017 amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence and the 2016 forensic science report of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
Gun Studies
Author: Jennifer Carlson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317446062
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
As cultural, social, political, and historical objects, guns are rich with complex and contested significance. What guns mean, why they matter, and what policies should be undertaken to regulate guns remain issues of vigorous scholarly and public debate. Gun Studies offers fresh research and original perspectives on the contentious issue of firearms in public life. Comprising global, interdisciplinary contributions, this insightful volume examines difficult and timely questions through the lens of: Social practice Marketing and commerce Critical theory Political conflict Public policy Criminology Questions explored include the evolution of American gun culture from recreation to self-protection; the changing dynamics of the pro-gun and pro-regulation movements; the deeply personal role of guns as sources of both injury and security; and the relationship between gun-wielding individuals, the state, and social order in the United States and abroad. In addition to introducing new research, Gun Studies presents reflections by senior scholars on what has been learned over the decades and how gun-related research has influenced public policy and everyday conversations. Offering provocative and often intimate perspectives on how guns influence individuals, social structures, and the state in both dramatic and nuanced ways, Gun Studies will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as sociology, political science, legal history, criminology, criminal justice, social policy, armaments industries, and violent crime. It will also appeal to policy makers and all others interested in and concerned about the use of guns.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317446062
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
As cultural, social, political, and historical objects, guns are rich with complex and contested significance. What guns mean, why they matter, and what policies should be undertaken to regulate guns remain issues of vigorous scholarly and public debate. Gun Studies offers fresh research and original perspectives on the contentious issue of firearms in public life. Comprising global, interdisciplinary contributions, this insightful volume examines difficult and timely questions through the lens of: Social practice Marketing and commerce Critical theory Political conflict Public policy Criminology Questions explored include the evolution of American gun culture from recreation to self-protection; the changing dynamics of the pro-gun and pro-regulation movements; the deeply personal role of guns as sources of both injury and security; and the relationship between gun-wielding individuals, the state, and social order in the United States and abroad. In addition to introducing new research, Gun Studies presents reflections by senior scholars on what has been learned over the decades and how gun-related research has influenced public policy and everyday conversations. Offering provocative and often intimate perspectives on how guns influence individuals, social structures, and the state in both dramatic and nuanced ways, Gun Studies will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as sociology, political science, legal history, criminology, criminal justice, social policy, armaments industries, and violent crime. It will also appeal to policy makers and all others interested in and concerned about the use of guns.
John Gower, Poetry and Propaganda in Fourteenth-century England
Author: David Richard Carlson
Publisher: DS Brewer
ISBN: 1843843153
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 255
Book Description
John Gower's works examined as part of a tradition of "official" writings on behalf of the Crown. John Gower has been criticised for composing verse propaganda for the English state, in support of the regime of Henry IV, at the end of his distinguished career. However, as the author of this book shows, using evidence from Gower's English, French and Latin poems alongside contemporary state papers, pamphlet-literature, and other historical prose, Gower was not the only medieval writer to be so employed in serving a monarchy's goals. Professor Carlson also argues that Gower's late poetry is the apotheosis of the fourteenth-century tradition of state-official writing which lay at the origin of the literary Renaissance in Ricardian and Lancastrian England. David Carlsonis Professor in the Department of English, University of Ottawa.
Publisher: DS Brewer
ISBN: 1843843153
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 255
Book Description
John Gower's works examined as part of a tradition of "official" writings on behalf of the Crown. John Gower has been criticised for composing verse propaganda for the English state, in support of the regime of Henry IV, at the end of his distinguished career. However, as the author of this book shows, using evidence from Gower's English, French and Latin poems alongside contemporary state papers, pamphlet-literature, and other historical prose, Gower was not the only medieval writer to be so employed in serving a monarchy's goals. Professor Carlson also argues that Gower's late poetry is the apotheosis of the fourteenth-century tradition of state-official writing which lay at the origin of the literary Renaissance in Ricardian and Lancastrian England. David Carlsonis Professor in the Department of English, University of Ottawa.
Jesus and John Wayne: How White Evangelicals Corrupted a Faith and Fractured a Nation
Author: Kristin Kobes Du Mez
Publisher: Liveright Publishing
ISBN: 1631495747
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The “paradigm-influencing” book (Christianity Today) that is fundamentally transforming our understanding of white evangelicalism in America. Jesus and John Wayne is a sweeping, revisionist history of the last seventy-five years of white evangelicalism, revealing how evangelicals have worked to replace the Jesus of the Gospels with an idol of rugged masculinity and Christian nationalism—or in the words of one modern chaplain, with “a spiritual badass.” As acclaimed scholar Kristin Du Mez explains, the key to understanding this transformation is to recognize the centrality of popular culture in contemporary American evangelicalism. Many of today’s evangelicals might not be theologically astute, but they know their VeggieTales, they’ve read John Eldredge’s Wild at Heart, and they learned about purity before they learned about sex—and they have a silver ring to prove it. Evangelical books, films, music, clothing, and merchandise shape the beliefs of millions. And evangelical culture is teeming with muscular heroes—mythical warriors and rugged soldiers, men like Oliver North, Ronald Reagan, Mel Gibson, and the Duck Dynasty clan, who assert white masculine power in defense of “Christian America.” Chief among these evangelical legends is John Wayne, an icon of a lost time when men were uncowed by political correctness, unafraid to tell it like it was, and did what needed to be done. Challenging the commonly held assumption that the “moral majority” backed Donald Trump in 2016 and 2020 for purely pragmatic reasons, Du Mez reveals that Trump in fact represented the fulfillment, rather than the betrayal, of white evangelicals’ most deeply held values: patriarchy, authoritarian rule, aggressive foreign policy, fear of Islam, ambivalence toward #MeToo, and opposition to Black Lives Matter and the LGBTQ community. A much-needed reexamination of perhaps the most influential subculture in this country, Jesus and John Wayne shows that, far from adhering to biblical principles, modern white evangelicals have remade their faith, with enduring consequences for all Americans.
Publisher: Liveright Publishing
ISBN: 1631495747
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The “paradigm-influencing” book (Christianity Today) that is fundamentally transforming our understanding of white evangelicalism in America. Jesus and John Wayne is a sweeping, revisionist history of the last seventy-five years of white evangelicalism, revealing how evangelicals have worked to replace the Jesus of the Gospels with an idol of rugged masculinity and Christian nationalism—or in the words of one modern chaplain, with “a spiritual badass.” As acclaimed scholar Kristin Du Mez explains, the key to understanding this transformation is to recognize the centrality of popular culture in contemporary American evangelicalism. Many of today’s evangelicals might not be theologically astute, but they know their VeggieTales, they’ve read John Eldredge’s Wild at Heart, and they learned about purity before they learned about sex—and they have a silver ring to prove it. Evangelical books, films, music, clothing, and merchandise shape the beliefs of millions. And evangelical culture is teeming with muscular heroes—mythical warriors and rugged soldiers, men like Oliver North, Ronald Reagan, Mel Gibson, and the Duck Dynasty clan, who assert white masculine power in defense of “Christian America.” Chief among these evangelical legends is John Wayne, an icon of a lost time when men were uncowed by political correctness, unafraid to tell it like it was, and did what needed to be done. Challenging the commonly held assumption that the “moral majority” backed Donald Trump in 2016 and 2020 for purely pragmatic reasons, Du Mez reveals that Trump in fact represented the fulfillment, rather than the betrayal, of white evangelicals’ most deeply held values: patriarchy, authoritarian rule, aggressive foreign policy, fear of Islam, ambivalence toward #MeToo, and opposition to Black Lives Matter and the LGBTQ community. A much-needed reexamination of perhaps the most influential subculture in this country, Jesus and John Wayne shows that, far from adhering to biblical principles, modern white evangelicals have remade their faith, with enduring consequences for all Americans.
Invest Your Way to Financial Freedom
Author: Ben Carlson
Publisher: Harriman House Limited
ISBN: 0857199374
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 122
Book Description
Whatever financial freedom means to you – living the life you want, not working to someone else’s timetable, not worrying about money ever again, or some other dream – the way to get there is through investing. In this concise and accessible book, Ben Carlson and Robin Powell show you how to put yourself on the path to financial freedom through sensible saving and straightforward investing. This is not about getting rich quick. But it is about getting rich reliably. Building wealth through investing – with the long-term goal of financial freedom – requires discipline, sacrifice and time. But it is possible, and almost anyone can do it if armed with the right information. Invest Your Way to Financial Freedom shares all the steps you need to take to reach your goals. This includes clear and simple answers to the following questions: Why is saving important – and how much to save? Why is investing the best way to build wealth? What should investors expect from the stock market? How long does it really take to become a millionaire? Is it too late if you don’t make an early start to saving and investing? After reading this book, you will know everything you need to know to achieve financial freedom!
Publisher: Harriman House Limited
ISBN: 0857199374
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 122
Book Description
Whatever financial freedom means to you – living the life you want, not working to someone else’s timetable, not worrying about money ever again, or some other dream – the way to get there is through investing. In this concise and accessible book, Ben Carlson and Robin Powell show you how to put yourself on the path to financial freedom through sensible saving and straightforward investing. This is not about getting rich quick. But it is about getting rich reliably. Building wealth through investing – with the long-term goal of financial freedom – requires discipline, sacrifice and time. But it is possible, and almost anyone can do it if armed with the right information. Invest Your Way to Financial Freedom shares all the steps you need to take to reach your goals. This includes clear and simple answers to the following questions: Why is saving important – and how much to save? Why is investing the best way to build wealth? What should investors expect from the stock market? How long does it really take to become a millionaire? Is it too late if you don’t make an early start to saving and investing? After reading this book, you will know everything you need to know to achieve financial freedom!
Sold on Language
Author: Julie Sedivy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119996082
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 383
Book Description
As citizens of capitalist, free-market societies, we tend to celebrate choice and competition. However, in the 21st century, as we have gained more and more choices, we have also become greater targets for persuasive messages from advertisers who want to make those choices for us. In Sold on Language, noted language scientists Julie Sedivy and Greg Carlson examine how rampant competition shapes the ways in which commercial and political advertisers speak to us. In an environment saturated with information, advertising messages attempt to compress as much persuasive power into as small a linguistic space as possible. These messages, the authors reveal, might take the form of a brand name whose sound evokes a certain impression, a turn of phrase that gently applies peer pressure, or a subtle accent that zeroes in on a target audience. As more and more techniques of persuasion are aimed squarely at the corner of our mind which automatically takes in information without conscious thought or deliberation, does 'endless choice' actually mean the end of true choice? Sold on Language offers thought-provoking insights into the choices we make as consumers and citizens – and the choices that are increasingly being made for us. Click here for more discussion and debate on the authors’ blog: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/sold-language [Wiley disclaims all responsibility and liability for the content of any third-party websites that can be linked to from this website. Users assume sole responsibility for accessing third-party websites and the use of any content appearing on such websites. Any views expressed in such websites are the views of the authors of the content appearing on those websites and not the views of Wiley or its affiliates, nor do they in any way represent an endorsement by Wiley or its affiliates.]
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119996082
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 383
Book Description
As citizens of capitalist, free-market societies, we tend to celebrate choice and competition. However, in the 21st century, as we have gained more and more choices, we have also become greater targets for persuasive messages from advertisers who want to make those choices for us. In Sold on Language, noted language scientists Julie Sedivy and Greg Carlson examine how rampant competition shapes the ways in which commercial and political advertisers speak to us. In an environment saturated with information, advertising messages attempt to compress as much persuasive power into as small a linguistic space as possible. These messages, the authors reveal, might take the form of a brand name whose sound evokes a certain impression, a turn of phrase that gently applies peer pressure, or a subtle accent that zeroes in on a target audience. As more and more techniques of persuasion are aimed squarely at the corner of our mind which automatically takes in information without conscious thought or deliberation, does 'endless choice' actually mean the end of true choice? Sold on Language offers thought-provoking insights into the choices we make as consumers and citizens – and the choices that are increasingly being made for us. Click here for more discussion and debate on the authors’ blog: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/sold-language [Wiley disclaims all responsibility and liability for the content of any third-party websites that can be linked to from this website. Users assume sole responsibility for accessing third-party websites and the use of any content appearing on such websites. Any views expressed in such websites are the views of the authors of the content appearing on those websites and not the views of Wiley or its affiliates, nor do they in any way represent an endorsement by Wiley or its affiliates.]
Political Corruption and Scandals in Japan
Author: Matthew M. Carlson
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501715666
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
Combining history with comparative politics, Matthew M. Carlson and Steven R. Reed take on political corruption and scandals, and the reforms designed to counter them, in post–World War II Japan. Political Corruption and Scandals in Japan makes sense of the scandals that have plagued Japanese politics for more than half a century and attempts to show how reforms have evolved to counter the problems. What causes political corruption to become more or less serious over time? they ask. The authors examine major political corruption scandals beginning with the early postwar period until the present day as one way to make sense of how the nature of corruption changes over time. They also consider bureaucratic corruption and scandals, violations of electoral law, sex scandals, and campaign finance regulations and scandals. In the end, Carlson and Reed write, though Japanese politics still experiences periodic scandals, the political reforms of 1994 have significantly reduced the levels of political corruption. The basic message is that reform can reduce corruption. The causes and consequences of political corruption in Japan, they suggest, are much like those in other consolidated democracies.
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501715666
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
Combining history with comparative politics, Matthew M. Carlson and Steven R. Reed take on political corruption and scandals, and the reforms designed to counter them, in post–World War II Japan. Political Corruption and Scandals in Japan makes sense of the scandals that have plagued Japanese politics for more than half a century and attempts to show how reforms have evolved to counter the problems. What causes political corruption to become more or less serious over time? they ask. The authors examine major political corruption scandals beginning with the early postwar period until the present day as one way to make sense of how the nature of corruption changes over time. They also consider bureaucratic corruption and scandals, violations of electoral law, sex scandals, and campaign finance regulations and scandals. In the end, Carlson and Reed write, though Japanese politics still experiences periodic scandals, the political reforms of 1994 have significantly reduced the levels of political corruption. The basic message is that reform can reduce corruption. The causes and consequences of political corruption in Japan, they suggest, are much like those in other consolidated democracies.