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Author: Wahyu Wijayanto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communication in rural development
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
This research seeks a better understanding of the effectiveness of rural information and communication technology (ICT) initiatives in Indonesia. It explores the extent to which and the way in which the Smart Village program, which aim is to bring connectivity for all citizens, creates more equitable and sustainable access to ICT for rural communities. Driven by the pursuit of the potential benefits of ICT for the improvement of socio-economic conditions in rural communities, as well as to fulfil the Indonesian government's commitment to the WSIS Plan of Action to provide every village across the country with internet access has led the implementation a program to bridge the digital divide, namely the Smart Village program. This program has been implemented as part of the universal service obligation policy in the telecommunications sector and aims to establish the provision of affordable, and even free of charge, connectivity in rural communities. However, the notion of universal access includes not only the availability and affordability of basic telecommunication service, but also equity of access. I will show that the implementation of the service policies in telecommunication sector does not necessarily result in the establishment of equitable access and sustainable access to ICT in rural communities. Due to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and social status among different groups in the community, the provision of ICT access in rural communities does not necessarily mean that each individual citizen is able, and permitted to use the internet facilities provided to take advantage of online information. Moreover, strong financial capacity at central government level has not necessarily resulted in the sustainability of access to ICT at the community level. The absence of political support and the appropriate regulations and policies to foster demand and to increase the use of ICT facilities has led the deployment of ICT in rural communities to serve as the fulfilment of a top-down agenda which has little impact on rural communities.
Author: Wahyu Wijayanto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communication in rural development
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Get Book Here
Book Description
This research seeks a better understanding of the effectiveness of rural information and communication technology (ICT) initiatives in Indonesia. It explores the extent to which and the way in which the Smart Village program, which aim is to bring connectivity for all citizens, creates more equitable and sustainable access to ICT for rural communities. Driven by the pursuit of the potential benefits of ICT for the improvement of socio-economic conditions in rural communities, as well as to fulfil the Indonesian government's commitment to the WSIS Plan of Action to provide every village across the country with internet access has led the implementation a program to bridge the digital divide, namely the Smart Village program. This program has been implemented as part of the universal service obligation policy in the telecommunications sector and aims to establish the provision of affordable, and even free of charge, connectivity in rural communities. However, the notion of universal access includes not only the availability and affordability of basic telecommunication service, but also equity of access. I will show that the implementation of the service policies in telecommunication sector does not necessarily result in the establishment of equitable access and sustainable access to ICT in rural communities. Due to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and social status among different groups in the community, the provision of ICT access in rural communities does not necessarily mean that each individual citizen is able, and permitted to use the internet facilities provided to take advantage of online information. Moreover, strong financial capacity at central government level has not necessarily resulted in the sustainability of access to ICT at the community level. The absence of political support and the appropriate regulations and policies to foster demand and to increase the use of ICT facilities has led the deployment of ICT in rural communities to serve as the fulfilment of a top-down agenda which has little impact on rural communities.
Author: Carolyn J. Lukensmeyer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118282515
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
This important resource offers seven field-tested strategies for public managers to help them maximize citizen engagement as they implement the President's Open Government Directive. The Core Strategies for Citizen Engagement are: Establish Links to Decision-Makers; Ensure Demographic Diversity; Create Opportunities for Informed Participation; Maximize Tools of Facilitated Deliberation; Discover Shared Priorities; Establish Clear Recommendations for Action; and Sustain Citizen Engagement. The book includes project and leadership case studies from major federal agencies that elucidate the seven strategies in the context of real-world issues and challenges.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9282102688
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
This conference proceedings explores the future for interurban passesnger transport. The first group of papers investigates what drives demand for for interurban passenger transport and infers how it may evolve in the future. The remaining papers investigate key challenges.
Author: Klaus Schwab
Publisher: Currency
ISBN: 1524758876
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress.
Author: Markku Suksi
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004633677
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
The referendum is not a monolithic method of national decision making. There are a multitude of referendum forms which exist under varying constitutional conditions and operate in different ways. A global comparison shows that more than half the constitutions of the world provide for the referendum at a national level, but referendums are also carried out without explicit constitutional support. Two main forms of referendum can be observed, the mandatory constitutional referendum and the policy vote. This book argues that the referendum does not undermine representative decision making, but supplements it in various ways: the referendum is not diametrically opposed to representative government, and when properly designed and used, the institution of the referendum can enhance the legitimacy of a constitutional and political system. This book is the first comprehensive constitutional and comparative analysis of the referendum. It offers illuminating and intriguing reading for all those interested in national decision making.
Author: Barry Leonard
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437931618
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Broadband is the great infrastructure challenge of the early 21st century. Broadband is a foundation for economic growth, job creation, global competitiveness and a better way of life. The number of Americans who have broadband at home has grown from 8 million in 2000 to nearly 200 million last year. But. 100 million Americans do not have broadband at home. In early 2009, Congress directed the FCC to develop a National Broadband Plan to ensure that every American has ¿access to broadband capability.¿ This plan must also include a strategy for achieving affordability and maximizing use of broadband. The plan presented here ensures that the entire broadband ecosystem ¿ networks, devices, content and applications¿ is healthy. Illus.
Author: Daniela Hinze
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3956362578
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Nepal a country which is located between its powerful neighbours India and China is one of the poorest countries in the world. Nepal has never enjoyed much press coverage, that is, until February 2005, when the king Gyanendra dissolved the Nepali government and announced the state of emergency , which allowed him to rule the country exclusively. The international community regarded this decision as non-democratic and called on the king to restore universal human rights which were suspended according to the declaration of the state of emergency. The king issued an official statement cited the ongoing, radicalised Maoist insurgency and the inability of the government to curb the movement as main reasons for his takeover. Nevertheless, high officials in the country and foreign observers question this pretence. During the conduction of my field research in Nepal, I considered a combination of multiple causes as main reasons for the protracted Nepalese conflict. The main conflict parties, the political elite including the monarch, and the Maoist movement have strong negative perceptions of each other. The perception that Maoists are undertaking terrorist attacks to come into power because they want to disturb the peace of a stabile regime should be regarded as misguided. Even if personal ambitions have to be considered, interviewees mentioned several times that the Maoists are responding to grievances within the Nepalese society and that the political elite could not provide the basic needs for its population. This assumption can be supported by the published 40-Point Demands of the Maoists, which includes the demands of political rights, liberties, economic and social security. It becomes apparent that those asserted claims call for social responsibility, equality and justice. Furthermore, this poses the question, of whether the Maoist insurgency is a form of indicator or warning signal of the political, economic and social situation in Nepal. In particular, it implies the fundamental question, how a state should operate and what kind of responsibilities the state has. The concept of good governance is regarded as a contemporary means and guarantor for an effective state. In every respect, good governance presupposes accountability, honesty or transparency of a state with all its institutions, but besides the structural characteristics the concept disregards the actions that will be undertaken by the [...]
Author: Katie Day Good
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262538024
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
How, long before the advent of computers and the internet, educators used technology to help students become media-literate, future-ready, and world-minded citizens. Today, educators, technology leaders, and policy makers promote the importance of “global,” “wired,” and “multimodal” learning; efforts to teach young people to become engaged global citizens and skilled users of media often go hand in hand. But the use of technology to bring students into closer contact with the outside world did not begin with the first computer in a classroom. In this book, Katie Day Good traces the roots of the digital era's “connected learning” and “global classrooms” to the first half of the twentieth century, when educators adopted a range of media and materials—including lantern slides, bulletin boards, radios, and film projectors—as what she terms “technologies of global citizenship.” Good describes how progressive reformers in the early twentieth century made a case for deploying diverse media technologies in the classroom to promote cosmopolitanism and civic-minded learning. To “bring the world to the child,” these reformers praised not only new mechanical media—including stereoscopes, photography, and educational films—but also humbler forms of media, created by teachers and children, including scrapbooks, peace pageants, and pen pal correspondence. The goal was a “mediated cosmopolitanism,” teaching children to look outward onto a fast-changing world—and inward, at their own national greatness. Good argues that the public school system became a fraught site of global media reception, production, and exchange in American life, teaching children to engage with cultural differences while reinforcing hegemonic ideas about race, citizenship, and US-world relations.
Author: National Liberal Federation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Author: Lori M. Poloni-Staudinger
Publisher: CQ Press
ISBN: 1544357796
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Examining democracies from a comparative perspective helps us better understand why politics—or, as Harold Lasswell famously said, "who gets what, when, and how"—differ among democracies. American Difference: A Guide to American Politics in Comparative Perspective takes the reader through different aspects of democracy—political culture, institutions, interest groups, political parties, and elections—and, unlike other works, explores how the United States is both different from and similar to other democracies. The fully updated Second Edition has been expanded to include several new chapters and discussion on civil liberties and civil rights, constitutional arrangements, elections and electoral institutions, and electoral behavior. This edition also includes data around the 2016 general election and 2018 midterm election.
