Author: Christian Moore-Anderson
Publisher: Christian Moore-Anderson
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
'This outstanding book... deserves to be very widely read. I hope it makes a major contribution to how school biology is taught.' —Dr Michael J. Reiss, Professor of Science Education, University of London 'This is a book that all teachers, not just biology teachers should read.' —Ben Strathearn-Burrows, Head of Biology, Emanuel School What you'll find inside: —A vision for an integrated and meaningful biology education. —A framework for teaching for meaning-making, which cuts planning time. —Ways of creating a unified narrative across disparate topics. —A taxonomy of understanding that unlocks problem-solving with minimal workload. —Tried and tested examples from mixed-attainment biology classrooms. Introduction I've been motivated to discover what biology is to us as humans. What it means to understand biology, and how I could make it meaningful for my students. I've read as much as I could and reflected, I've discussed and listened, I've taught and observed. While it doesn't cover all aspects of biology education, this book is about sharing what I've learnt on my journey of synthesising and trialling ideas with my secondary-school mixed-attainment biology classes. 'Not only is this book likely to change how you teach biology but also how you perceive yourself within the living world.' —Dr Alex Sinclair, Institute of Education, St Mary's University, Twickenham Chapter 1: Meaningful biology relates principally to organisms: This sets the scene for the whole book. It brings together many threads to define what I see as most meaningful to secondary biology students. And therefore what we could do about it when designing our lessons & curricula and thinking about how students progress through their biology education. Planning for meaning-making has vastly enhanced interest and motivation to learn in my classroom. Chapters 2 & 3: Teaching for meaning using variation theory: Next I introduce a powerful—relatively unknown and often misunderstood—pedagogical theory. Variation theory. In these chapters I set out to show how useful it is—and easy to use—in the secondary biology classroom, with many examples. Chapter 4: How to integrate organisms, ecology & evolution: Now I pull together the previous chapters to present a new framework for teaching for meaning-making that cuts planning time & focuses on biology. 'An excellent text demanding we think not just about what we teach but also why and how.’ —Dr Paul Ganderton, Consultant and researcher Chapter 5: Concepts of the organism that unite a biology course: Here I discuss two concepts that I think can unify all the topics on the curriculum. 1. Seeing biology through thermodynamic systems lens and, 2. Seeing biology through an ecological-evolutionary lens via the concept of life strategies. I lay out the reasons why and discuss how I've introduced these ideas with students. Chapter 6: Teaching systems thinking to help students see interconnectedness: This chapter is dedicated to systems thinking. Firstly I show how stock and flow diagrams are very useful for the biology classroom and give examples. Next, I introduce a new taxonomy of understanding biological systems. Chapter 7: Establishing a thinking classroom: This chapter is focused on the whys and hows of embedding the taxonomy into my biology curricula. I give examples of how I use it and examples of my students answers from lower and upper secondary courses. Chapter 8: Navigating classroom and biological complexity: This chapter rounds up the book by considering the complexity of our subject and the classroom. ‘Biology Made Real comes with an education health warning—be prepared to have your beliefs challenged.' —Dr Alex Sinclair
Biology Made Real
Author: Christian Moore-Anderson
Publisher: Christian Moore-Anderson
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
'This outstanding book... deserves to be very widely read. I hope it makes a major contribution to how school biology is taught.' —Dr Michael J. Reiss, Professor of Science Education, University of London 'This is a book that all teachers, not just biology teachers should read.' —Ben Strathearn-Burrows, Head of Biology, Emanuel School What you'll find inside: —A vision for an integrated and meaningful biology education. —A framework for teaching for meaning-making, which cuts planning time. —Ways of creating a unified narrative across disparate topics. —A taxonomy of understanding that unlocks problem-solving with minimal workload. —Tried and tested examples from mixed-attainment biology classrooms. Introduction I've been motivated to discover what biology is to us as humans. What it means to understand biology, and how I could make it meaningful for my students. I've read as much as I could and reflected, I've discussed and listened, I've taught and observed. While it doesn't cover all aspects of biology education, this book is about sharing what I've learnt on my journey of synthesising and trialling ideas with my secondary-school mixed-attainment biology classes. 'Not only is this book likely to change how you teach biology but also how you perceive yourself within the living world.' —Dr Alex Sinclair, Institute of Education, St Mary's University, Twickenham Chapter 1: Meaningful biology relates principally to organisms: This sets the scene for the whole book. It brings together many threads to define what I see as most meaningful to secondary biology students. And therefore what we could do about it when designing our lessons & curricula and thinking about how students progress through their biology education. Planning for meaning-making has vastly enhanced interest and motivation to learn in my classroom. Chapters 2 & 3: Teaching for meaning using variation theory: Next I introduce a powerful—relatively unknown and often misunderstood—pedagogical theory. Variation theory. In these chapters I set out to show how useful it is—and easy to use—in the secondary biology classroom, with many examples. Chapter 4: How to integrate organisms, ecology & evolution: Now I pull together the previous chapters to present a new framework for teaching for meaning-making that cuts planning time & focuses on biology. 'An excellent text demanding we think not just about what we teach but also why and how.’ —Dr Paul Ganderton, Consultant and researcher Chapter 5: Concepts of the organism that unite a biology course: Here I discuss two concepts that I think can unify all the topics on the curriculum. 1. Seeing biology through thermodynamic systems lens and, 2. Seeing biology through an ecological-evolutionary lens via the concept of life strategies. I lay out the reasons why and discuss how I've introduced these ideas with students. Chapter 6: Teaching systems thinking to help students see interconnectedness: This chapter is dedicated to systems thinking. Firstly I show how stock and flow diagrams are very useful for the biology classroom and give examples. Next, I introduce a new taxonomy of understanding biological systems. Chapter 7: Establishing a thinking classroom: This chapter is focused on the whys and hows of embedding the taxonomy into my biology curricula. I give examples of how I use it and examples of my students answers from lower and upper secondary courses. Chapter 8: Navigating classroom and biological complexity: This chapter rounds up the book by considering the complexity of our subject and the classroom. ‘Biology Made Real comes with an education health warning—be prepared to have your beliefs challenged.' —Dr Alex Sinclair
Publisher: Christian Moore-Anderson
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
'This outstanding book... deserves to be very widely read. I hope it makes a major contribution to how school biology is taught.' —Dr Michael J. Reiss, Professor of Science Education, University of London 'This is a book that all teachers, not just biology teachers should read.' —Ben Strathearn-Burrows, Head of Biology, Emanuel School What you'll find inside: —A vision for an integrated and meaningful biology education. —A framework for teaching for meaning-making, which cuts planning time. —Ways of creating a unified narrative across disparate topics. —A taxonomy of understanding that unlocks problem-solving with minimal workload. —Tried and tested examples from mixed-attainment biology classrooms. Introduction I've been motivated to discover what biology is to us as humans. What it means to understand biology, and how I could make it meaningful for my students. I've read as much as I could and reflected, I've discussed and listened, I've taught and observed. While it doesn't cover all aspects of biology education, this book is about sharing what I've learnt on my journey of synthesising and trialling ideas with my secondary-school mixed-attainment biology classes. 'Not only is this book likely to change how you teach biology but also how you perceive yourself within the living world.' —Dr Alex Sinclair, Institute of Education, St Mary's University, Twickenham Chapter 1: Meaningful biology relates principally to organisms: This sets the scene for the whole book. It brings together many threads to define what I see as most meaningful to secondary biology students. And therefore what we could do about it when designing our lessons & curricula and thinking about how students progress through their biology education. Planning for meaning-making has vastly enhanced interest and motivation to learn in my classroom. Chapters 2 & 3: Teaching for meaning using variation theory: Next I introduce a powerful—relatively unknown and often misunderstood—pedagogical theory. Variation theory. In these chapters I set out to show how useful it is—and easy to use—in the secondary biology classroom, with many examples. Chapter 4: How to integrate organisms, ecology & evolution: Now I pull together the previous chapters to present a new framework for teaching for meaning-making that cuts planning time & focuses on biology. 'An excellent text demanding we think not just about what we teach but also why and how.’ —Dr Paul Ganderton, Consultant and researcher Chapter 5: Concepts of the organism that unite a biology course: Here I discuss two concepts that I think can unify all the topics on the curriculum. 1. Seeing biology through thermodynamic systems lens and, 2. Seeing biology through an ecological-evolutionary lens via the concept of life strategies. I lay out the reasons why and discuss how I've introduced these ideas with students. Chapter 6: Teaching systems thinking to help students see interconnectedness: This chapter is dedicated to systems thinking. Firstly I show how stock and flow diagrams are very useful for the biology classroom and give examples. Next, I introduce a new taxonomy of understanding biological systems. Chapter 7: Establishing a thinking classroom: This chapter is focused on the whys and hows of embedding the taxonomy into my biology curricula. I give examples of how I use it and examples of my students answers from lower and upper secondary courses. Chapter 8: Navigating classroom and biological complexity: This chapter rounds up the book by considering the complexity of our subject and the classroom. ‘Biology Made Real comes with an education health warning—be prepared to have your beliefs challenged.' —Dr Alex Sinclair
The Vital Question
Author: Nick Lane
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781781250372
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
A game-changing book on the origins of life, called the most important scientific discovery 'since the Copernican revolution' in The Observer.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781781250372
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
A game-changing book on the origins of life, called the most important scientific discovery 'since the Copernican revolution' in The Observer.
The Biology Teacher's Survival Guide
Author: Michael F. Fleming
Publisher: Trafford Publishing
ISBN: 1490757694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
Book Description
This unique resource is packed with novel and innovative ideas and activities you can put to use immediately to enliven and enrich your teaching of biology, streamline your classroom management, and free up your time to accomplish the many other tasks teachers constantly face. For easy use, materials are printed in a big 8 x 11 lay-flat binding that opens flat for photo-copying of evaluation forms and student activity sheets, and are organized into five distinct sections: 1. Innovative Classroom Techniques for the Teacher presents technique to help you stimulate active students participation in the learning process, including an alternative to written exams ways to increase student responses to questions and discussion topics a student study clinic mini-course extra credit projects a way to involve students in correcting their own tests and more. 2. Success-Directed Learning in the Classroom shows how you can easily make your students accountable for their own learning and eliminate your role of villain in the grading process. 3. General Classroom Management provides solutions to a variety of management issues, such as laboratory safety, the student opposed to dissection, student lateness to class, and the chronic discipline problem, as well as innovative ways to handle such topics as keeping current in subject-matter content, parent-teacher conferences, preventing burnout, and more. 4. An Inquiry Approach to Teaching details a very effective approach that allows the students to participate as real scientist in a classroom atmosphere of inquiry learn as opposed to lab manual cookbook learning. 5. Sponge Activities gives you 100 reproducible activities you can use at the beginning of, during, or at the end of class periods. These are presented in a variety of formats and cover a wide range of biology topics, including the cell classification .. plants animals protists the microphone systems of the body anatomy physiology genetics and health. And to help you quickly locate appropriate worksheets in Section 5, all 100 worksheets in the section are listed in alphabetical order in the Contents, from Algae (Worksheets 5-1) through Vitamins and Minerals (Worksheets 5-100). For the beginning teacher new to the classroom situation as well as the more wxperienced teacher who may want a new lease on teaching, Biology Teachers Survival Guide is designed ot bring fun, enjoyment, and profit to the teacher-student rapport that is called teaching.
Publisher: Trafford Publishing
ISBN: 1490757694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
Book Description
This unique resource is packed with novel and innovative ideas and activities you can put to use immediately to enliven and enrich your teaching of biology, streamline your classroom management, and free up your time to accomplish the many other tasks teachers constantly face. For easy use, materials are printed in a big 8 x 11 lay-flat binding that opens flat for photo-copying of evaluation forms and student activity sheets, and are organized into five distinct sections: 1. Innovative Classroom Techniques for the Teacher presents technique to help you stimulate active students participation in the learning process, including an alternative to written exams ways to increase student responses to questions and discussion topics a student study clinic mini-course extra credit projects a way to involve students in correcting their own tests and more. 2. Success-Directed Learning in the Classroom shows how you can easily make your students accountable for their own learning and eliminate your role of villain in the grading process. 3. General Classroom Management provides solutions to a variety of management issues, such as laboratory safety, the student opposed to dissection, student lateness to class, and the chronic discipline problem, as well as innovative ways to handle such topics as keeping current in subject-matter content, parent-teacher conferences, preventing burnout, and more. 4. An Inquiry Approach to Teaching details a very effective approach that allows the students to participate as real scientist in a classroom atmosphere of inquiry learn as opposed to lab manual cookbook learning. 5. Sponge Activities gives you 100 reproducible activities you can use at the beginning of, during, or at the end of class periods. These are presented in a variety of formats and cover a wide range of biology topics, including the cell classification .. plants animals protists the microphone systems of the body anatomy physiology genetics and health. And to help you quickly locate appropriate worksheets in Section 5, all 100 worksheets in the section are listed in alphabetical order in the Contents, from Algae (Worksheets 5-1) through Vitamins and Minerals (Worksheets 5-100). For the beginning teacher new to the classroom situation as well as the more wxperienced teacher who may want a new lease on teaching, Biology Teachers Survival Guide is designed ot bring fun, enjoyment, and profit to the teacher-student rapport that is called teaching.
Biology Made Simple
Author: Rita Mary King
Publisher: Crown
ISBN: 0307432971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211
Book Description
Take the frustration out of learning the science of life! Biology is the most fundamental science?yet it’s one of the most complex. Now, Biology Made Simple is here to help science and non-science majors alike understand the science of life. Covering all the major themes of biology—including the cellular basis of life, the interaction of organisms, and the evolutionary process of all beings, Biology Made Simple combines concise explanations with the in-depth coverage needed to understand every aspect of this subject. Topics covered include: unifying themes of biology chemistry for the biologist the living cell DNA evolution genetics animal organization and homeostasis the systems of the body ecology Featuring more than sixty illustrations and at-a-glance chapter reviews, Biology Made Simple will help you master this fascinating science.
Publisher: Crown
ISBN: 0307432971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211
Book Description
Take the frustration out of learning the science of life! Biology is the most fundamental science?yet it’s one of the most complex. Now, Biology Made Simple is here to help science and non-science majors alike understand the science of life. Covering all the major themes of biology—including the cellular basis of life, the interaction of organisms, and the evolutionary process of all beings, Biology Made Simple combines concise explanations with the in-depth coverage needed to understand every aspect of this subject. Topics covered include: unifying themes of biology chemistry for the biologist the living cell DNA evolution genetics animal organization and homeostasis the systems of the body ecology Featuring more than sixty illustrations and at-a-glance chapter reviews, Biology Made Simple will help you master this fascinating science.
High-School Biology Today and Tomorrow
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN: 0309040280
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
Biology is where many of science's most exciting and relevant advances are taking place. Yet, many students leave school without having learned basic biology principles, and few are excited enough to continue in the sciences. Why is biology education failing? How can reform be accomplished? This book presents information and expert views from curriculum developers, teachers, and others, offering suggestions about major issues in biology education: what should we teach in biology and how should it be taught? How can we measure results? How should teachers be educated and certified? What obstacles are blocking reform?
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN: 0309040280
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 361
Book Description
Biology is where many of science's most exciting and relevant advances are taking place. Yet, many students leave school without having learned basic biology principles, and few are excited enough to continue in the sciences. Why is biology education failing? How can reform be accomplished? This book presents information and expert views from curriculum developers, teachers, and others, offering suggestions about major issues in biology education: what should we teach in biology and how should it be taught? How can we measure results? How should teachers be educated and certified? What obstacles are blocking reform?
The Imagined World Made Real
Author: Henry C. Plotkin
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 9780813532684
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
The Imagined World Made Real changes this by showing how a grasp of human evolution extends the reach of science. Henry Plotkin recognizes that at the heart of human culture are social constructs, such as justice and money, and that collective beliefs, values, and actions are essential to their formation and maintenance. Only when these constructs are integrated into an accepted biological framework will there be a true synthesis between the social and natural sciences.
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 9780813532684
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
The Imagined World Made Real changes this by showing how a grasp of human evolution extends the reach of science. Henry Plotkin recognizes that at the heart of human culture are social constructs, such as justice and money, and that collective beliefs, values, and actions are essential to their formation and maintenance. Only when these constructs are integrated into an accepted biological framework will there be a true synthesis between the social and natural sciences.
How Real Is Race?
Author: Carol C. Mukhopadhyay
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0759122741
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
How real is race? What is biological fact, what is fiction, and where does culture enter? What do we mean by a “colorblind” or “postracial” society, or when we say that race is a “social construction”? If race is an invention, can we eliminate it? This book, now in its second edition, employs an activity-oriented approach to address these questions and engage readers in unraveling—and rethinking—the contradictory messages we so often hear about race. The authors systematically cover the myth of race as biology and the reality of race as a cultural invention, drawing on biocultural and cross-cultural perspectives. They then extend the discussion to hot-button issues that arise in tandem with the concept of race, such as educational inequalities; slurs and racialized labels; and interracial relationships. In so doing, they shed light on the intricate, dynamic interplay among race, culture, and biology. For an online supplement to How Real Is Race? Second Edition, click here.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0759122741
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
How real is race? What is biological fact, what is fiction, and where does culture enter? What do we mean by a “colorblind” or “postracial” society, or when we say that race is a “social construction”? If race is an invention, can we eliminate it? This book, now in its second edition, employs an activity-oriented approach to address these questions and engage readers in unraveling—and rethinking—the contradictory messages we so often hear about race. The authors systematically cover the myth of race as biology and the reality of race as a cultural invention, drawing on biocultural and cross-cultural perspectives. They then extend the discussion to hot-button issues that arise in tandem with the concept of race, such as educational inequalities; slurs and racialized labels; and interracial relationships. In so doing, they shed light on the intricate, dynamic interplay among race, culture, and biology. For an online supplement to How Real Is Race? Second Edition, click here.
The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology
Author: C. Ray Chandler
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226101312
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology is an indispensable guide for graduate students and post-docs as they enter that domain red in tooth and claw: the job market. An academic career in the biological sciences typically demands well over a decade of technical training. So it’s ironic that when a scholar reaches the most critical stage in that career—the search for a job following graduate work—he or she receives little or no formal preparation. Instead, students are thrown into the job market with only cursory guidance on how to search for and land a position. Now there’s help. Carefully, clearly, and with a welcome sense of humor, The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology leads graduate students and postdoctoral fellows through the perils and rewards of their first job search. The authors—who collectively have for decades mentored students and served on hiring committees—have honed their advice in workshops at biology meetings across the country. The resulting guide covers everything from how to pack an overnight bag without wrinkling a suit to selecting the right job to apply for in the first place. The authors have taken care to make their advice useful to all areas of academic biology—from cell biology and molecular genetics to evolution and ecology—and they give tips on how applicants can tailor their approaches to different institutions from major research universities to small private colleges. With jobs in the sciences ever more difficult to come by, The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology is designed to help students and post-docs navigate the tricky terrain of an academic job search—from the first year of a graduate program to the final negotiations of a job offer.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226101312
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology is an indispensable guide for graduate students and post-docs as they enter that domain red in tooth and claw: the job market. An academic career in the biological sciences typically demands well over a decade of technical training. So it’s ironic that when a scholar reaches the most critical stage in that career—the search for a job following graduate work—he or she receives little or no formal preparation. Instead, students are thrown into the job market with only cursory guidance on how to search for and land a position. Now there’s help. Carefully, clearly, and with a welcome sense of humor, The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology leads graduate students and postdoctoral fellows through the perils and rewards of their first job search. The authors—who collectively have for decades mentored students and served on hiring committees—have honed their advice in workshops at biology meetings across the country. The resulting guide covers everything from how to pack an overnight bag without wrinkling a suit to selecting the right job to apply for in the first place. The authors have taken care to make their advice useful to all areas of academic biology—from cell biology and molecular genetics to evolution and ecology—and they give tips on how applicants can tailor their approaches to different institutions from major research universities to small private colleges. With jobs in the sciences ever more difficult to come by, The Chicago Guide to Landing a Job in Academic Biology is designed to help students and post-docs navigate the tricky terrain of an academic job search—from the first year of a graduate program to the final negotiations of a job offer.
Biology (Teacher Guide)
Author: Dr. Dennis Englin
Publisher: Master Books
ISBN: 9781683441519
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The vital resource for grading all assignments from the Master's Class Biology course, which includes:Instruction in biology with labs that provide comprehensive lists for required materials, detailed procedures, and lab journaling pages.A strong Christian worldview that clearly reveals God's wondrous creation of life and His sustaining power.This is an introductory high school level course covering the basic concepts and applications of biology. This 36-week study of biology begins with an overview of chemistry while opening a deeper understanding of living things that God created. The course moves through the nature of cells, ecosystems, biomes, the genetic code, plant and animal taxonomies, and more. Designed by a university science professor, this course provides the solid foundation students will need if taking biology in college.FEATURES: The calendar provides daily lessons with clear objectives, and the worksheets, quizzes, and tests are all based on the readings. Labs are included as an integral part of the course.
Publisher: Master Books
ISBN: 9781683441519
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The vital resource for grading all assignments from the Master's Class Biology course, which includes:Instruction in biology with labs that provide comprehensive lists for required materials, detailed procedures, and lab journaling pages.A strong Christian worldview that clearly reveals God's wondrous creation of life and His sustaining power.This is an introductory high school level course covering the basic concepts and applications of biology. This 36-week study of biology begins with an overview of chemistry while opening a deeper understanding of living things that God created. The course moves through the nature of cells, ecosystems, biomes, the genetic code, plant and animal taxonomies, and more. Designed by a university science professor, this course provides the solid foundation students will need if taking biology in college.FEATURES: The calendar provides daily lessons with clear objectives, and the worksheets, quizzes, and tests are all based on the readings. Labs are included as an integral part of the course.
Make It Stick
Author: Peter C. Brown
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674729013
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
To most of us, learning something "the hard way" implies wasted time and effort. Good teaching, we believe, should be creatively tailored to the different learning styles of students and should use strategies that make learning easier. Make It Stick turns fashionable ideas like these on their head. Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive psychology and other disciplines, the authors offer concrete techniques for becoming more productive learners. Memory plays a central role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. New insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved have led to a better understanding of how we learn. Grappling with the impediments that make learning challenging leads both to more complex mastery and better retention of what was learned. Many common study habits and practice routines turn out to be counterproductive. Underlining and highlighting, rereading, cramming, and single-minded repetition of new skills create the illusion of mastery, but gains fade quickly. More complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another. Speaking most urgently to students, teachers, trainers, and athletes, Make It Stick will appeal to all those interested in the challenge of lifelong learning and self-improvement.
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674729013
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
To most of us, learning something "the hard way" implies wasted time and effort. Good teaching, we believe, should be creatively tailored to the different learning styles of students and should use strategies that make learning easier. Make It Stick turns fashionable ideas like these on their head. Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive psychology and other disciplines, the authors offer concrete techniques for becoming more productive learners. Memory plays a central role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. New insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved have led to a better understanding of how we learn. Grappling with the impediments that make learning challenging leads both to more complex mastery and better retention of what was learned. Many common study habits and practice routines turn out to be counterproductive. Underlining and highlighting, rereading, cramming, and single-minded repetition of new skills create the illusion of mastery, but gains fade quickly. More complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another. Speaking most urgently to students, teachers, trainers, and athletes, Make It Stick will appeal to all those interested in the challenge of lifelong learning and self-improvement.